2018屆中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)專題十非謂語動(dòng)詞課件.pptx

1、專題十,非謂語動(dòng)詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞,1,動(dòng)詞不定式,分析甘肅近3年中考真題可以看出，對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，主語側(cè)重于不定式和動(dòng)名詞，也會(huì)涉及過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。涉及題型廣泛，考生需要判斷與之相關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)詞的用法，有的動(dòng)詞與不定式搭配，有的則是動(dòng)名詞。還有的動(dòng)詞既可以和不定式搭配也可以和動(dòng)名詞搭配，但意思完全不同。,1.1.不定式的用法,動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。具體用法有： (1)作主語 不定式作主語時(shí)，往往用形式主語it代替，作為句子真正的主語的動(dòng)詞不定式則被后置。如： Its necessary to learn a foreign language. 學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很

2、有必要。,(2)作賓語 動(dòng)詞不定式一般用在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語。在think, find, make等動(dòng)詞后通常用it作形式賓語，而將不定式移至形容詞之后，構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I hope to get there before dark. 我希望天黑以前到那兒。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問題很難。(it是形式賓語，不定式to solve the problem是真正的賓語，difficult是賓語補(bǔ)足語),常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語 在“動(dòng)詞+

3、賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：My mother told me to study hard. 媽媽告訴我要努力學(xué)習(xí)。,(4)作狀語 常見的狀語有目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。如： Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語) (5)作定語 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞的后面，作后置定語。如：There are many ways to solve the problem. 有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問題。 (6)作表語 Their duty is to look after

4、the animals. 他們的職責(zé)是照看動(dòng)物。,2.“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問詞連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。如： When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet. 什么時(shí)候去北京還沒定下來。(作主語) I havent decided when to leave yet. 我還沒決定什么時(shí)候離開。(作賓語),3.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式： not+to+動(dòng)詞原形。,如：The teacher told us not to swim in tha

5、t river. 老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。,4.不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,(1)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后要用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但是，當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其后的不定式必須加上to。如： We often hear her sing. 我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。,后接省略to的不定式動(dòng)詞： 五看：watch, see, observe, notice, look at 三使：let,make,have 二聽：hear, listen to 一感覺：feel,(2)在would you please(你愿意嗎), had better(最好), why not(為什么不), would r

6、ather(寧愿)等結(jié)構(gòu)后，需用不帶to的不定式。如：He said he would rather stay at home. 他說他寧愿待在家里。 (3)兩個(gè)并列的帶to的不定式由and或or連接時(shí)，第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào)常常省略。如：She has learned to read and write. 她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了讀和寫。,考點(diǎn)小練,1.I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. I tried the baby up. A. to wake B. not to wake C. waking D. wake,2.Loud music makes

7、 us . A. want dance B. want to dance C. to want dance D. to dance,3.If all of us pull together, there must be something we can do the environment. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. improved,4.Dont forget the book to me when you finish reading it. A. to bring B. bringing C. bring D. brought,5.

8、Li Tao is only an eight-year-old boy, but he has to do all he can money for his poor family. He really needs our help. A. to make B. make C. making D. made,B,B,B,A,A,6.We advise parents their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to l

9、eave,B,2,動(dòng)名詞,1.動(dòng)名詞的形式、特征 動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成, 相當(dāng)于名詞。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。 2.動(dòng)名詞的用法 （1）作主語。單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；如果并列的動(dòng)名詞(短語)作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看書對(duì)你的眼睛不好。 Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 讀書和寫作花費(fèi)了我許多時(shí)間。,注意: 在英語中動(dòng)詞是不能作主語的, 應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。表示泛指意義的行為時(shí), 多用動(dòng)名詞作主語

10、, 但表示具體的行為時(shí), 必須用動(dòng)詞不定式, 此結(jié)構(gòu)通常用it作形式主語, 真正的主語為動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常放后面。如：Getting up early is good for our health. 早起對(duì)我們的健康有好處。 Its easy to read this book. 讀這本書很容易。 （2）作表語。動(dòng)名詞(短語)作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)名詞(短語)作主語。如：His favorite sport is playing ping-pong. Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打乒乓球。 （3）作賓語。作動(dòng)詞賓語, 多用來表示

11、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如：I like playing football very much. 我非常喜歡踢足球。,常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞(組)有：,作介詞賓語。如： Stamps are used for sending letters. 郵票是用來寄信的。,3.動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別,有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語, 但表達(dá)的意思不同。如：,(1)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事 (2)try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 try to do sth. 設(shè)法或努力去做某事 (3)forget doing sth. 忘記做

12、過某事(已做) forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做) (4)remember doing sth. 記得做過某事(已做) remember to do sth. 記得去做某事(未做) (5)regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事(已做) regret to do sth. 對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做) (6)need doing sth. 需要做某事(被動(dòng)含義) need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義) (7)mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 mean to do sth. 打算或想做某事,考點(diǎn)小練,7.My father often tells me too much time computer games. A. not to spend; play B . to spend; play C. not to cost; playing D. not to spend; playing,8.Would you like shopping with us？ Id love to! But Im busy my homework. A. to go; doing B. go; to do C. to go; to do D. going; do,9.M