高一英語名詞性從句.ppt

1、高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法系列訓(xùn)練,寶安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語備課組,名詞性從句,一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞,在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where,

2、how, why,不可省略的連詞： 1. 介詞后的連詞 2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.,whether 與 if 均為 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 1.whether 引導(dǎo)主語從句（包括從句在句首的位置）應(yīng)當(dāng)用whether，不用if，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am no

3、t sure. 2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句用whether，不用if，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語，而if 則不能，如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式連用，而if 則不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decide

4、d whether to go or not. 5.引導(dǎo)同位語從句用whether，不用if，如： The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential.,大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可置于句末，用it充當(dāng)形式主語。 It is not important who will go.,二、 名詞性that-從句,1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。 名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：,主語：That

5、 he is still alive is sheer luck. 賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.,2）that-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，

6、而將that-從句置于句末，例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. Its a pity that you should have to leave.,a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明顯,b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that人們相信 It is known to all that從所

7、周知 It has been decided that 已決定,c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是,d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句 It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,用 it 作形式主語的that- 從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：,三、名詞性wh-從句,1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。wh-詞包

8、括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如： 主語：How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接賓語：In ones own home one can do what one likes. 間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表語：My question

9、is who will take over the president. 賓語補(bǔ)足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位語：I have no idea when he will return. 形容詞賓語：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介詞賓語：That depends on where we shall go.,2）wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.,

10、四、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句,1）yes-no型疑問從句 從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：,主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 賓語：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday. 表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money.

11、同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 形容詞賓語： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass the exams.,2）選擇性疑問從句 選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whetheror或whetheor not構(gòu)成,如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care wh

12、ether you like the plan or not.,五、否 定 轉(zhuǎn) 移,1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。 I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。 注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope, 賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。 2) 將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定

13、轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 3) 有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。 I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。 (not否定動(dòng)名詞短語 having) 4) 有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語),1

14、.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that 4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. mi

15、ght that C. may be that D. might be what 5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _

16、 he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where 10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our