謂語動詞的單復數.ppt

1、1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decid

2、ed B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 5. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B.

3、 have played C. are playing D. play 6. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are,主謂一致,“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數等方面應保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數上保持一致，即主語是復數，謂語也用復數形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數，謂語要用單數形式，如：is, was,

4、has, works等。 在具體處理一致關系時可遵循以下三原則: 語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語動詞為單數的情況,1. 由and 連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那個工人兼作家) (比較：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every and (every), each and (each) , no

5、and (no) , many a and (many a)連接兩個單數名詞作主語。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 注：主語是many a +n.或more than one+n.時。 Many a child has gone to see her. More than one student has tried this.,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語動詞為單數的情況,3. one/every one /each/either/ the nu

6、mber+of +復數名詞作主語。 Each of the students has a book. 4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無生命的集合名詞作主語。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以s 結尾的詞，但表示學科、國家、機構、書籍、報刊等名稱作主語。 maths, mathematics, physics, politics等。 The United States was founded in 1776. 美

7、國成立于1776年。 The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 天方夜譚很有趣。 6. 表示時間、距離、金錢、等復數名詞作主語，表達一個整體概念時。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. （注：如果強調數量，則用復數）,7. 由any-,some-,every-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所構成的不定代詞作主語。 8. 非謂語動詞（V-ing, to do）、名詞性從句作主語。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever wa

8、s left was taken away. To serve the country is our duty . How and why he left was a sad story. 注1：what引導的主語從句，謂語的單復數看情況而定。 What they need is more water. What her father left her are only some books. 注2：由how and why, when and where引導的從句做主語時，謂動仍用單數。 When and where we will have the meeting has not been

9、 decided.,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語動詞為單數的情況,9. 單數名詞、抽象名詞、物質名詞作主語。,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語動詞為單數的情況,（二）謂語動詞為復數的情況,1. 由and 連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等集體名詞作主語。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. 由山脈、群島、瀑布、運動會等s 結尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games are held once

10、every four years. 4. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名詞作主語。,意義一致的原則,（三）謂語動詞單、復數視情況而定,1. 集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主語。強調整體用單數，指個個成員用復數。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2.

11、means, works, sheep等詞，根據主語表達的概念而定。 The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built.,意義一致的原則,3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名詞” 作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復數而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語，根據其指代的內容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest

12、/ the last / lots / plenty / 分數、百分數 + of + 名詞”作主語: 謂語動詞要和 of 之后的名詞單復數保持一致。,（三）謂語動詞單、復數視情況而定,意義一致的原則,6.The+形容詞/分詞作主語，指“一類”人或事物時，常用作復數用；指“某一個”人，或“抽象的”事物時，作單數用。 The English speak English. The rejected were heaped in the corner . 廢品堆在角落里。The deceased was his father . The agreeable is not always the usef

13、ul . 好看的不一定中用。The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、進步的事物總是要戰(zhàn)勝舊的東西。,（三）謂語動詞單、復數視情況而定,意義一致的原則,就近一致原則,1. 由or , either or, neithernor, not onlybut also 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞有單復數上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 但注意： “with / al

14、ong with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復數上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 2. 由there或here引導的句子，主語不止一個詞時，謂語動詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞有單復數上保持一致。,集合名詞作主語，謂語的數如何確定?,1His family _ a

15、 small one 2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is,此題應選C。family是一個集合名詞，具有單數(側重指整體)和復數(側重指個體)兩種可能。類似這種用法的詞主要的有： team(隊，隊員)，class(班，班上的全體學生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘務員)，committee(委員會，委員們)，audience(聽眾)等：,This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it 這個班45個學生，由格林先生教。

16、 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 這個班的學生都很用功，由格林先生教。,The team is the best in the league這個隊在聯賽中打得最好。 The football team are having baths足球隊隊員們在洗澡。,It was late, but the audience was increasing. 時間很遲了，但聽眾人數卻在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 聽眾都感動得流了淚。,但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法： 1

17、. 有的集合名詞總是用作單數(不可數)：clothing 衣服，poetry 詩歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 機械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠寶等。 2. 有的集合名詞總是表示復數意義(但不用復數形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,謂語應該跟主語一致還是跟表語一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being,此題應選B。這里應注意的是：我們通常說的是主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與

18、表語一致），本題意為：我們中國人是一個勤勞的民族。,注意以下類似例子： These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,但是有些主語由于本身具有單數和復數兩種可能，它的謂語到底用單數

19、還是復數，要看具體的語境（多數情況是看其后面詞語的單復數），例如： Who is your brother？誰是你的兄弟？ Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？ What he said is quite correct他所說的完全正確。 What he left me are only a few old books他給我留下的只是幾本舊書。,并列主語中謂語應與哪個保持一致 ？,1. You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受責備。 2. _ you or he to blame? 受責備的是你還是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D

20、 are，Is,在通常情況下，兩個并列主語由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等連接時，其謂語通常與第二個主語（即臨近的一個主語）保持一致，但是，在疑問句中則通常與第一個主語（即臨近的一個主語）保持一致。,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe 2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe 3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe 4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,下列結構的謂語應與哪個主語保持一致？,A library with five thousand books _ to the