2020版導與練一輪譯林英語課件第二部分語法專題二、代詞 .ppt

1、二、代詞,語法專項,跟蹤訓練,語法專項精講 細篩選巧拓展,考點一人稱代詞 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分,在句中作主語時用主格,作賓語或表語時用賓格。,Tom is a student.He works very hard. 湯姆是一名學生。他學習非常努力。 Please send her the parcel. 請把包裹寄給她。 He has a dog to keep him company. 他有一條狗陪伴他。,特別提示 作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中,或在這種句子中 與動詞不定式連用,常用賓格。 Tom,go and clean the yard. 湯姆,去打掃院子。 W

2、hy me? 為什么是我? 在比較狀語從句中,than,as后用主格或賓格都可以。 He is taller than I/me.他比我高。,考點二物主代詞,The students are doing their homework.學生們正在做作業(yè)。 Your room is big while mine is small. 你的房間大,而我的房間小。,考點三指示代詞,The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools. 這所小學校的教育質(zhì)量比一些更大的學校的(教育質(zhì)

3、量)好。 Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed. 我的朋友們就是這樣:永遠會在我需要他們時伸出援手。,考點四相互代詞 相互代詞包括each other和one another。相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別,在句中作賓語。所有格是在其后加s,在句中作定語。 We have to help one another. 我們得互相幫助。 They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 他們默默地對視了一會兒。,考點五反身代詞 反身代詞包括oneself,

4、himself,herself,itself,themselves,yourself, yourselves,myself,ourselves,可以在句中作賓語、表語及主語或賓語的同 位語。 1.與動詞構成詞組:be oneself 處于正常狀態(tài),顯得自然;enjoy oneself 玩得 開心;come to oneself 恢復知覺,蘇醒過來;help oneself to sth.隨便用某 物;devote oneself to sth.致力于某事 2.與介詞構成詞組:by oneself 獨自地;for oneself 親自;by itself 自動 地;to oneself 獨占,獨

5、用,考點六不定代詞 1.both,all,either,any,neither,none,Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much.我在紐約和芝加哥住過,但我不喜歡它們中的任何一個。 Would you like to go shopping with me on Saturday or Sunday? Im sorry.Neither will suit me.Ill be away on business during that period. 星期六或星期天陪我去購物好嗎? 對不起。那

6、兩天都不行。我那段時間將正在出差。 I dont like any of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。,My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. 我哥哥想買一塊好表,但是在那家店里沒有一塊合適的。 How many of you have been to the Great Wall? None. 你們當中有多少人到過長城? 沒有一個。,2.another,the other,other,others,the others,His parents both w

7、ork in a hospital.One is a doctor and the other is a nurse. 他父母都在一家醫(yī)院工作。一個是醫(yī)生,一個是護士。 When Americans moved from one place to another,they took their dialects with them. 當美國人從一個地方遷移到另一個地方時,他們帶著自己的方言。 You are a team star!Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是隊里的明星!與別人一起工作的確是你的所愛。 I have thre

8、e daughters.One is a nurse,another is a teacher and still another is a worker.我有三個女兒。一個是護士,另一個是教師,還有一個是工人。 We need another few chairs. 我們還需要幾把椅子。,3.it,that,one,those,Did you get a ticket? 你搞到票了嗎? Yes,I managed to get one. 是的,我設法搞到了一張。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天氣比廣州的

9、冷。 Studying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了溫迪的菜單,我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當勞的相似。,考點七it的用法 1.it指時間、距離、天氣等 Its 112 miles from London to Birmingham. 從倫敦到伯明翰有112英里。 2.指代前面提到過的同一事物 Your story is interesting,but I dont like it. 你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜歡。 Have you found your pen? 你找

10、到你的鋼筆了嗎? No,I havent found it. 還沒有。,3.it作形式主語的句型 (1)It+be+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容詞有:easy, difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。 It is necessary for you to change your job. 你換一下工作是有必要的。 (2)It+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容詞描述的是人的品德、 特征。能用于該句型的形容詞有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite, im

11、polite,friendly,foolish,clever等。 How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!你放棄這 樣一個好機會是多么傻啊!,(3)It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名詞(短語)有:pity,shame, pleasure,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners等。 It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old. 年輕人占據(jù)老人的座位是不禮貌的。 (4)It

12、+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容詞和名詞(短語)常見的有:no/ little use,no/much good,useless,no fun等。 Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。 (5)It+be+adj.+主語從句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+ that從句”中,從句的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,且should可以省略。 Its necessary and important that one should master the skills o

13、f operating computers. 掌握電腦操作技術是有必要的也是很重要的。,4.it作形式賓語的情況 (1)主語+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj.+不定式/ 動詞-ing形式/從句。 I feel it hard to climb the hill. 我感覺爬山很困難。 (2)某些及物動詞或短語后不能直接跟賓語從句。此時須先用it作形式賓語, 然后接賓語從句,有此用法的動詞(短語):like,dislike,hate,appreciate, depend on,rely on,count on等。 I hate i

14、t when people talk with their mouths full. 我討厭人說話時嘴里含著食物。,真題鏈接,1.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.(2018全國) 2.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find (they) alive.(201

15、8全國),答案及剖析: 1.it/runninggive it/sth. a try是固定短語,意為 “嘗試某事物”,原文中的it指的是running。 2.them人稱代詞作賓語時,要用其賓格。them在此作find的賓語。,3.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out. (2018浙江) 4.(改錯)Its been three Saturdays now and it really co

16、sts me many. (2015四川,短文改錯),答案及剖析: 3.it考查it用法。句子為感嘆句,正常語序應該是it can be cheap to eat out,其中不定式to eat out是真正主語,用it作形式主語。 4.manymuch句意:那已經(jīng)是三個周六了并且那的確花費了我很多。cost的賓語只能用much不能用many。,跟蹤訓練運用 重實效沖高考,.單句語法填空 1.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 peop

17、le were using . every day.(2017全國),答案及剖析: 1.it考查代詞,這里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。,2.The old lady is said to have three children, and two of . are studying abroad. 3.Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to . 4.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher th

18、an in any other area of the city.,答案及剖析: 2.them and連接兩個句子,所填詞指代的是three children,故填them。 3.another 表示“從一個商店到另一個商店”用from one store to another。 4.that句意:在西安市中心租房子花費要比在市其他地區(qū)高。that代指上文中出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞cost。,5.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockaries story of how first aid saved (he) life. 6.I dislike when I am left al

19、one to start a conversation with a stranger. 7.“Speed up.70 km/h isnt fast enough.You are holding up the traffic,”another voice ordered from the seat next to (I).,答案及剖析: 5.his空處需用形容詞性物主代詞修飾后面的名詞。 6.it句意:我不喜歡那種時刻,我被單獨留下來同一個陌生人交談。此處it作形式賓語,后面接when引導的賓語從句。 7.mine/me句意:“加速,時速70千米不夠快,你正在影響交通?！眮碜晕亦徸囊粋€聲音。

20、此處可以理解為“我的鄰座”用mine,或者“緊挨著我”用me。,8.A few hours earlier,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.,答案及剖析: 8.its考查代詞的用法。此處修飾名詞smog,在句中作定語,應用形容詞性物主代詞。,.單句語法改錯(含非本專項及一句二錯試題) 1.The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.(2018全國) 2.They wo

21、uld say to us that playing card games would help my brain. (2018全國),答案及剖析: 1.anotherother此處表示“有狗、鴨子,還有其他的動物”,所以應該用other。 2.usme由上下文可知,談話的賓語是“我”,故改為人稱代詞的賓格me。,3.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017全國) 4.Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. (2017全

22、國) 5.I asked John and Mike, but none of them could offer reasonable answer.,答案及剖析: 3.yourmy考查人稱指代一致。前文都是在講“我”的故事,所以這里應該是“我的”高中時期的記憶。 4.allboth考查代詞。both指兩者都,all表示三者或三者以上,因主語是兩個人,故用both。 5.noneneitheroffer后加a表示“兩個人都不”時用neither。answer為可數(shù)名詞,前面需要加限定詞a。,6.No doubt money plays an important role in our daily life,but it does not mean nothing. 7.They end up go to many different places and time period