關于GSM及SMS的英文.doc

Abstract This paper describes the software design process of alarm system based on the Siemens TC35i module type GAM mobile phone and SMS gate.The paper gives the development of modern mobile communication technology and GSM,as well as the application of GSM and the TC35i module,list slice the software of the machine and TC35i connect and control principleKey words：GSM；TC35i module；PDU1 Summarize Along with the time progress, the technical innovation, peoples life requests enhancement, the mobile communication technology renewal speed is quite astonishing, almost every other ten year mobile communication technology has a transformation update, from the 1980s “the mobile phone” to presents 3G handset, during has had two mobile communication technology transformation, transits from 1G AMPS to 2G GSM, from GSM to IMT-2000 (i.e. 3G technology).The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which was first proposed as a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the US. GSM network to improve after years of development, is now very mature, less blind spots, signal stability, automatic roaming, and the communication distance from the impact of the surrounding environment. 2 Modern mobile communication technology In now highly the informationization society, the information and the correspondence have become the modern society “the life”. The information exchange mainly relies on the computer correspondence, but corresponds takes the transmission method, with the sensing technology, the computer technology fuses mutually, has become in the 21st century the international society and the world economic development powerful engine. In order to of adapt the time request, the new generation of mobile communication technology seasonable and lives, the new generation of mobile communication technology is the people said that third generations core characteristic is the wide band addressing turns on non-gap roaming between the rigid network and numerous different communications systems, gains the multimedia communication services. Knows modern on me the mobile communication technology to have the following several aspect important technology: 2.1 wideband modulation and multiple access technique The wireless high speed data transmission cannot only depend on the frequency spectrum constantly the expansion, should be higher than the present number magnitude at least in the frequency spectrum efficiency, may use three technologies in the physical level, namely OFDM, UWB and free time modulation code. OFDM with other encoding methods union, nimbly OFDM and TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, SDMA combines the multiple access technique. In the 1960s the OFDM multi-channel data transmission has succeeded uses in Kineplex and the Kathryn high frequency military channels. OFDM has used in 1.6 Mbit/s high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL), 6 Mbit/s asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL), 100 Mbit/s really high speed figure subscribers line (VDSL), digital audio frequency broadcast and digital video broadcast and so on. OFDM applies on 5 GHz provides 54 Mbit/s wireless local network IEEE 802.11 a and IEEE 802.11g, high performance this region network Hiper LAN/2 and ETSI-BRAN, but also takes metropolitan area network IEEE 802.16 and the integrated service digit broadcast (ISDB-T) the standard. Compares with the single load frequency modulation system service pattern, the OFDM modulation service pattern needs to solve the relatively big peak even power ratio (PAPR, Peak to Average Power Ratio) and to the frequency shifting and the phase noise sensitive question. High speed mobile communications another request is under the wide noise bandwidth, must demodulate the signal-to-noise ratio to reduce as far as possible, thus increases the cover area. May adopt the anti-fading the full start power control and the pilot frequency auxiliary fast track demodulation technology, like the frequency range anti-fadings Rake receive and the track technology, the OFDMA technology which declines from the time domain and the frequency range resistance time and the frequency selectivity, the link auto-adapted technology, the union coding technique. 2.2 frequency spectrum use factor lift technique The fundamental research pointed out: In the independent Rayleigh scattering channel, the data rate and the antenna several tenth linear relationships, the capacity may reach Shannon 90%. Is launching and the receiving end may obtain the capacity and the frequency spectrum efficiency gain by the multi-antenna development channel space. The MIMO technology mainly includes the spatial multiplying and the space diversity technology, concurrent or the salvo same information enhances the transmission reliability on the independent channel. Receives and dispatches the bilateral space diversity is the high-capacity wireless communication system uses one of technical. Bell Lab free times opposite angle BLAST (D-BLAST) capacity increase to receive and dispatch the bilateral smallest antenna number in administrative levels the function. The cross time domain which and the air zone expansion signal constitutes using MIMO may also resist the multi-diameter disturbance. V-BLAST system when indoor 2434 dB, the frequency spectrum use factor is 2040 bit/s/Hz. But launches and the receiving end uses 16 antennas, when 30 dB, the frequency spectrum use factor increases to 6070 bit/s/Hz. The smart antenna automatic tracking needs the signal and the auto-adapted free time processing algorithm, produces the dimensional orientation wave beam using the antenna array, causes the main wave beam alignment subscriber signal direction of arrival through the digital signal processing technology, the side lobe or zero falls the alignment unwanted signal direction of arrival. The auto-adapted array antennas (AAA, Adaptive Array Antennas) disturbs the counter-balance balancer (ICE, Interference Canceling Equalizer) to be possible to reduce disturbs and cuts the emissive power. 2.3 software radio technology The software radio technology is in the hardware platform through the software edition by a terminal implementation different system in many kinds of communication services. It uses the digital signal processing language description telecommunication part, downloads the digital signal processing hardware by the software routine (DSPH, Digital Signal Pocessing Hardware). By has the general opening wireless structure (OWA, Open Wireless Architecture), compatible many kinds of patterns between many kinds of technical standards seamless cut. UWB is also called the pulse to be radio, the modulation uses the pulse width in the nanosecond level fast rise and the drop pulse, the pulse cover frequency spectrum from the cocurrent to the lucky hertz, does not need in the radio frequency which the convention narrow band frequency modulation needs to transform, after pulse formation, may deliver directly to the antenna launch. 2.4 network security and QoS QoS divides into wireless and the wired side two parts, wireless sides QoS involves the radio resource management and the dispatch, the admission control and the mobility management and so on, the mobility management mainly includes the terminal mobility, individual mobility and service mobility. Wired sides QoS involves based on the IP diffSer discrimination service and the RSVP end-to-end resources reservation mechanism. Mechanism maps the wireless side IP diffSer IP the QoS. Network security including network turning on security, core network security, application security, safety mechanism visibility and configurable.In the above modern mobile communication key technologiess foundation, has had the land honeycomb mobile communication, the satellite communication as well as the wireless Internet communication, these mailing address caused the correspondence appearance to have the huge change, used the digital technique the modern wireless communication already to permeate the national economy each domain and peoples daily life, for this reason, we needed to care that its trend of development, hoped it developed toward more and more convenient peoples lifes direction, will let now us have a look at the modern mobile communication the future trend of development. modern mobile communication technological development seven new tendencies :First, mobility management already from terminal management to individual management and intelligent management development Second, network already from synchronized digital circuit to asynchronous digital grouping and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) development; the three, softwares developments actuated from the algorithm to the procedure-oriented and face the goal tendency development;the four, information processing have developed from the voice to the data and the image; five, wireless frequency spectrum processing already from narrow band simulation to the narrow band CDMA development; the six, computers have developed from central processing to the distributional server and intellectualized processing; the seven, semiconductor devices have developed from each chip 16,000,000,000,000 /150MHz speed VLSI to 0.5 /350MHz speed VLSI and 2,000,000,000,000,000 /550MHz speed VLSI. Under this tendencys guidance, the mobile service rapid development, it satisfied the people in any time, any place to carry on the correspondence with any individual the desire. The mobile communication realizes in the future the ideal person-to-person communication service way that must be taken. In the information support technology, the market competition and under the demand combined action, the mobile communication technologys development is progresses by leaps and bounds, presents the following several general trends: 1) network service digitization, grouping; 2) networking wide band; 3) networking intellectualization; 4) higher frequency band; 5) more effective use frequency; 6) each kind of network tends the fusion. The understanding, grasps these tendencies has the vital practical significance to the mobile communication operator and the equipment manufacturer. 3 GSM and Application 3.1 The background of GSM technology development The success of mobile systems across the world is a sign that communication is moving towards a more personalized, convenient system. People who have to use a mobile phone on business soon begin to realize that the ability to phone any time, any place in ones personal life rapidly becomes a necessity, not a convenience. Mobile systems originally operated in analog mode in the 450 MHz band, moving later to 900 MHz with digital GSM and then to 1,800 MHz with personal communication systems. The history of mobility can split into generations. The first generation systems were the advanced mobile phone systems (AMPS) in the US, total access communication system (TACS) in most of Europe and Nordic mobile telephone system (NMT); which were all analogue systems. The second generation is vary much dominated by the standard first set out in Europe by the group special mobile (GSM) committee, which was designed as a global mobile communication system. The GSM system is based on a cellular communications principle which was first proposed as a concept in the 1940s by Bell System engineers in the US. The idea came out of the need to increase network capacity and got round the fact that broadcast mobile networks, operating in densely populated areas, could be jammed by a very small number of simultaneous calls. The power of the cellular system was that it allowed frequency reuse. The cellular concept is defined by two features, frequency reuse and cell splitting. Frequency reuse comes into play by using radio channels on the same frequency in coverage areas that are far enough apart not to cause co-channel interference. This allows handling of simultaneous calls that exceed the theoretical spectral capacity. Cell splitting is necessary when the traffic demand on a cell has reached the maximum and the cell is then divided into a micro-cellular system. The shape of cell in a cellular system is always depicted as a hexagon and the cluster size can be seven, nine or twelve. The GSM system requires a number of functions to be created for a fully operational mobile system.The cell coverage area is controlled by a base station which is itself made up of two elements. The first element is the transmission system which communicates out to the mobile and also receives information from it to set up and maintain calls when actually in operation. The base station transceiver (BST) is controlled by the base station controller (BSC), which communicates with the mobile switching center (MSC) - the essential link to the local public switched telephone network (PSTN), and to the subscriber data which is stored in registers within the system. The subscriber registers allow the GSM system to check a subscriber who requests the use of the network, allow access and then set up the charging function, etc. 6 The GSM system was allocated part of the 900 MHz band at the 1978 World Administration Conference (WAC), the actual bands being 890 to 915 MHz for the uplink transmission and 935 to 960 MHz for the downlink. The access method is time division multiple access (TDMA). The third generation mobile communication system currently being developed9 in Europe is intended to integrate all the different services of second generation systems and cover a much wider range of broadband services (voice, data, video and multimedia) consistent and compatible with technology developments taking place within the fixed telecommunication networks.3.2 Introduction of GSM GSM is Global System for Mobile Communications acronym, which means Global System for Mobile Communications is the worlds leading cellular systems in the world. GSM is based on narrowband TDMA standard that allows radio frequency in a group call at the same time 8. GSM80 during the rise in Europe, put into use in 1991. The end of 1997, has operations in more than 100 countries, Europe and Asia has become the standard in fact, that by 2001, the worlds 162 countries have already built a 400 GSM communications network. But the GSM system capacity is limited, users in the network overload, it had to construct additional network facilities. What is gratifying is that GSM performance in other areas, which in addition to providing a standardized list and signaling systems, but also opened up some of the more intelligent of the business such as international roaming and so on. The convenience of GSM mobile phone is that it provides a smart card, known as SIM cards, and card could be separated, so that the replacement of mobile phone users and custom personal information in this area are facilitated. The GSM system operates in a burst transmission mode with 124 radio channels in the 900 MHz band, and these bursts can carry different types of information. The first type of information is speech, which is coded at 6.5 kbit/s or 13 kbit/s. The second type is data, which can be sent at 3.6 kbit/s, 6 kbit/s or 12.6kbit/s. These two forms of transmission are the useful parts of the transmission, but have to be supported by overhead information which is sent in control channels (CCH). The use of digital radio transmission and the advanced handover algorithms between radio cells in GSM network allows for significantly better frequency usage than in analogue cellular systems, thus increasing the number of subscribers that can be served. 7 Since8 GSM provides common standard, cellular subscribers will also be able to use their telephones over the entire GSM service area. Roaming is fully automatic between and within all countries covered by GSM system. In addition to international roaming, GSM provides new services, such as high-speed data communication, Facsimile and short message service. The GSM technical specifications are designed to work in concert with other standards, e. g. ISDN. Interworking between the standards is in this way assured. In the long term perspective cellular systems, using a digital technology, will become the universal method of telecommunication. GSM network to improve after years of development, is now very mature, less blind spots, signal stability, automatic roaming, and the communication distance from the impact of the surrounding environment. GSM short message in particular, flexible and convenient, you can cross-market, inter-provincial and even cross-border transmission, and each send a short message as long as one dime, very reliable and affordable. In addition, the mobile phone SIM card in recent years can apply for 0, some packages use lower cost than fixed. Therefore the use of mobile phone message to achieve alarm, ultra long-range remote control for industrial equipment, transmission of data is a very good choice. 3.3 The application of GSM GSM module, is a similar mobile communication module, integrates a number of mobile phone functions on a single small circuit board, it can send SMS messages, calls and so on, the module is small, but it has a lot of mobile phone functionality, with its have equal is the core of the mobile phone, and it is in a lot of applications have a wide range of applications, GSM module through the use of AT commands to control it, modules can be connected to computer RS232 serial port, can also be used to carry out single-chip control . Below we cite some typical applications: 3.3.1 mobile phone access control system: GSM Access Control System used to control the electric lock control, if you need to enter, as long as the cell phone call using GSM modules mobile number, will automatically open the door, and only you can set up cell phone numbers to open the door, and no co