虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊用法

精選文庫(kù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊用法江蘇省鄭集高級(jí)中學(xué)李博雅一在動(dòng)詞suggest(提議,提出,建議), advise(勸告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提議), require(要求), insist(堅(jiān)持, 堅(jiān)決主張), command(命令), request(請(qǐng)求, 懇求), desire(請(qǐng)求), prefer(提出)等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，這些詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，以及這些詞的名詞同位語(yǔ)從句、作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, should可以省略。如：1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize.2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf.4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（賓語(yǔ)從句）= The generals order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（表語(yǔ)從句）= It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（主語(yǔ)從句）= The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（同位語(yǔ)從句）5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.（賓語(yǔ)從句）= My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.（表語(yǔ)從句）= It is suggested that he (should) be careful.（主語(yǔ)從句）= I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.（同位語(yǔ)從句）二在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去式(常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could或would)；過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成式。wish用過(guò)去式，從句中與wished同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或在將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作仍用過(guò)去式(也常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could或would)；在wished之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成式。如：1. How I wish I could fly to the moon.2. He wishes I had come yesterday.3. I wished he could come to give me a hand.4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier.三在以 in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。有時(shí)也可用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，特別是從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly.2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move?3. She stood away so that I should enter first.4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train.四在had better表示建議或勸告時(shí)，其后的從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：I had better you came yesterday.五在“It is (high / about) time that-clause.”句型中，從句的謂語(yǔ)常用過(guò)去式或should加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：1. It is time we had / should have lunch.2. Its (high) time I went and picked up / should go and pick up my little girl from school.六在“would/had rather that-clause，would sooner that-clause”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句的謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?，F(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成式。如：1. I would much rather it was forgotten.2. Would you rather I did it?3. I had rather you did it.4. Id rather you knew that now, than afterwards.5. I would rather they had gone there too.6. I could go myself but would sooner you went. 七在“would rather do sth. than that-clause”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：I would rather lose a dozen of cherry trees than that you should tell a lie.八在“would rather that-clause than that-clause”結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩從句的謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成式。如：1. I would rather you showed me with your hearts than you promised me with your words.2. I would rather you had done it than Tom had. 九在as if, as though, even if, even though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成式)。如：1. The old machine operates as if it were / was a new one.(現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作)2. Even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us.(過(guò)去的動(dòng)作)十含有介詞without, but for, except for短語(yǔ)的句子，謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用“should或would + 動(dòng)詞原形”，過(guò)去的動(dòng)作用“should或would have + 過(guò)去詞”。如：1. But for Chairman Mao, we should at least be wandering about in the darkness.2. Without your advice, I would have failed.十一在含有“if it were not for + 賓語(yǔ)”或“were it not for + 賓語(yǔ)”及“But that + 從句”表示的假設(shè)條件從句時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，現(xiàn)在的情況用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 + 動(dòng)詞原形”，過(guò)去的情況用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 + 動(dòng)詞的完成式”。如：1. Were it not for the leadership of our Party, we could not live a happy life.2. Had it not been for the leadership of our Party, we should have failed. (屬were it not for的過(guò)去完成式)3. But that he saw it, he could not believe it.4. If it were not for the leadership of the Party, we should fail.5. If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we should not have made so much progress.6. If it were not for the collective strength, it wouldnt have been possible for us to live so well.7. If it had not been for me, you would not be free.十二在“It is / was + adj. + that-clause”句型中，從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should常省略。其中形容詞常為: necessary, important, strange, right, fair, just, better, natural, impossible, reasonable等。如：1. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 2. It will be better that we meet some other time.3. It is right that one should speak well of the absence.十三在It is desired, It is suggested, It is requested, It was proposed, It was ordered, It had been decided, It is surprising/amazing/shocking, It is disappointed 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。如：1. It is not surprising that he should have failed.2. It isnt surprising that Tom (should) marry Mary.3. It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.十四名詞suggestion, plan, idea, motion, proposal, order, advice, insistence, desire等的同位語(yǔ)從句以及它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should也可省略。如：1. My idea is that we (should) send him to the hospital.2. What do you think of his proposal that we (should) put on a play at the English evening?3. He was dumbfounded at her insistence that he (should) explain where every cent of his allowance had gone.4. He spoke about his countrys desire that friendly relations should be established.十五在以wh-ever, no matter wh-clause引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)常用“may + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果指的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，用“may have + 過(guò)去分詞”。如：1. Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.2. I wont let you in whoever you may be/no matter what you may say.3. You mustnt be proud, however much you may have achieved.十六在連詞lest引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。如：1. He took an umbrella with him lest he (should) be caught in a shower.2. I feared/was afraid lest the kid (should) fall down the staircase.十七在“for fear (that), in case (that)”引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)錄從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：1. He studied very hard for fear (that) he should fail in the entrance examination.2. Please remind me of it in case (that) I should forget.十八動(dòng)詞hope, think, want, expect, plan, intend, suppose, mean等表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或由這些詞后跟不定式的完成式構(gòu)成的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：1. He failed the exam again though we all had expected him to pass it.2. I had wanted to write (= I wanted to have writte