大學(xué)英語閱讀理解解題技巧ppt課件

1、1,閱讀理解應(yīng)試技巧,2,一、閱讀方法： 首先，在解題前，應(yīng)先快速瀏覽文章后的問題，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確需要解決的問題，這樣閱讀的目的就很明確；然后帶著這些問題的關(guān)鍵詞句開始閱讀，并結(jié)合以下三種閱讀方法解不同的題型。 略讀（Skimming）：這種閱讀方式用于快速瀏覽，其主要目的就是把握全文的大意。要按意群掃視，連貫閱讀；要特別注意文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的首句和結(jié)尾句以及段落之間的連接詞語和文章中的信息詞，它們往往是了解文章大意的關(guān)鍵。 查讀（Scanning）：這種閱讀方式適于尋找具體細(xì)節(jié)，例如：事實、數(shù)字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。這種方法主要用于做細(xì)節(jié)題。 細(xì)讀（Reading

2、for full understanding）：這種閱讀方式適于某些需要判斷或思考的問題。對于這種問題先要找到它在文章中的相關(guān)段落，然后逐句閱讀，特別是對與問題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句要仔細(xì)推敲。,3,二閱讀考題類型及相應(yīng)的應(yīng)答技巧 （一）細(xì)節(jié)題： 主要是考查學(xué)生對文章某些事實的細(xì)節(jié)和數(shù)據(jù)的掌握，這類問題的答案一般都能在原文中找到。對于事實細(xì)節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵是要定位準(zhǔn)確。應(yīng)首先找到它的考查點，這種題只要找到細(xì)節(jié)題所在的地方，再聯(lián)系上下文，然后根據(jù)它的命題規(guī)律答題即可。這類題的題干答案在意義上通常等于原文中某一部分的內(nèi)容，也就是說用不同的表達方式使題干答案與原文等值（即同義結(jié)構(gòu)，如：educational

3、 institution school; make strenuous efforts strive）。文中的時間、地點、人物、數(shù)量或事實多為提問的對象（即when, where, who, why, how, how many/much,.），而這些問題的表達常不采用文章中的原話提問，而是使用同義詞語等，因此，在選擇答案前應(yīng)首先看準(zhǔn)題干，看清問題所問究竟是什么細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容；然后，在查讀時注意尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語；最后，在充分理解原文、原題的基礎(chǔ)上確定答案。,4,The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in

4、 a crisis. The government was badly run and peoples lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,

5、1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. 12. Which did not happen in 1789? A. The French Revolution broke out. B. The national economy was developing rapidly. C. The government wasnt well run. D. King Louis XIV was in power. 13. Where were the political prisoner

6、s kept? A. In Versailles.B. In Austria. C. In Prussia.D. In Bastille.,B,D,5,A couple, John and Mary, had two lovely children. John had just been asked to go on a business trip and would be gone for several days. Mary would go along too. They hired a reliable woman to care for the children and made t

7、he trip, returning home a little earlier than they had planned. As they drove into their hometown, they noticed smoke, and they went off their usual route to see what it was. They found a home in flames. Mary said, Well, it isnt our fire, lets go home.“ 1. .John and Mary hired a woman to look after

8、their children when _. A. the children were getting out of control. B. John would be on a business trip and Mary would go along, too. C. there was a car accident. D. they were too tired to do it themselves. 2. On their way home the couple _. A. found a murder. B. found a robbery. C. first noticed sm

9、oke and then they found a house in fire. D. found that they were running out of gas.,B,C,6,I often find myself trying to explain the attraction traveling holds for me. Traveling, according to many people, is often uncomfortable and even, at least sometimes, dangerous. But one benefit of traveling is

10、 that it creates a perfect atmosphere for the observation of life, an environment that can lead to better understanding and enlightenment. Many wonderful people and places lie on the road ahead. The fact that there are obstacles as well only makes the journey more rewarding. My life and my memories

11、will be improved after encountering these people and places. Thats a pretty big benefit! 1 . According to the author, _ can only make the journey more worthwhile. A. obstacles B. memories C. additional fascination D. benefit,A,7,Of course I could also enrich my life without traveling very far at all

12、, but there is something about foreign lands that provides an additional fascination. I think most non-travelers are simply too distracted by things such as work, home, and friends to devote their full attention to observation of life. Im more observant when Im on the road and therefore, more alive.

13、 I talk to more people and listen to them carefully. I keenly notice everything about my strange new environment. I see a lot of humor that can compensate for(彌補) the misery(痛苦) of moving about. According to the author, the problem with most non-travelers is that _. A. they live a busy life without

14、having fun. B. their attention centers so much on work, home and friends that they dont observe life wholeheartedly. C. they consider money-making the most important thing. D. they cant enrich their life because they dont travel very far.,B,8,（二）正誤判斷題 由于所提信息在文中比較清晰，可以一一找到，所以，解決這類問題可采用帶選題跳讀的閱讀技巧，首先找出

15、問題或選項中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞語或主要檢測點，然后略讀文章，掃描這些詞所在的句子，再詳細(xì)讀這些句子。必要時，連同它們前后的句子也要仔細(xì)閱讀，以便綜合考慮和確定答案。這樣做可以有根據(jù)地排除多余的信息及干擾，快速抓住供解題用的信息點，提高解題速度和準(zhǔn)確性。 A: According to the passage, which of the following is (NOT) true? B: According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong?,9,In the United States, it is not cu

16、stomary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m.

17、 If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes its a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party

18、is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time

19、differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no on

20、e would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? _ A. In the U.S.A gu

21、ests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time. C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment w

22、ell in advance in the U.S.A. D. Promptness is valued highly in American life.,D,10,Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary styl

23、e. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar

24、. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true? A. He is no more than a master of words. B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music. C. He can move men to tears. D. His style is always charming.,A,11,Congress approved the Rehabilitation Act(助殘法案) in 1973. This law

25、 requires schools to provide disabled students with opportunities equal to those for other students. A more recent law requires public schools to establish a program for each child found to have a disability. Schools must write, and follow, a statement called an I.E.P., an individualized education p

26、rogram. If not, parents may take legal action. States must provide special education services for free. Teachers with these skills are in great demand. There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has disabilities. One way is to give the student extra time to complete work. Teachers might

27、also permit the student to take tests differently from others in class. What is NOT mentioned in the article? A. States must provide special education services without asking students for money. B. Teachers with skills to help disabled students are needed badly. C. Teachers might prevent the student

28、 from taking tests differently from others in class. D. One way to meet disabled students need is to give the students extra time to complete work.,C,12,There are many ways to meet the needs of a student who has disabilities Technology is one way to help. There are computer programs, for example, de

29、signed for the needs of people with learning disabilities. There are some schools in the United States that teach only students with learning disabilities. One is Landmark College in the northeastern state of Vermont. Students attend for up to three years. It prepares them to continue their educatio

30、n at other colleges. Classes at Landmark College are small. Students have their own learning plan, and a special teacher to help them study. Which of the following is TRUE? A. There are few ways to meet the needs of a student who has learning disabilities B. There are some schools in the United Stat

31、es that teach only students with learning disabilities. C. Computer programs designed for the needs of people with learning disabilities are not available so far. D. Classes at Landmark College are very big.,B,13,（三）詞義題 閱讀理解的詞義題并非是單純地考查詞匯量，而是考查學(xué)生在一定的上下文中辨認(rèn)和推測詞義的能力。常見命題方式： A: The word .(Line, Para) m

32、ost probably refers to _. B: In this passage, probably means _ _ C: The word “” could best be replaced by which of the following? 解題方法：（1）直接定義。作者用了生詞，然后馬上就用一些簡單的單詞來解釋它。這種重述就是直接定義，常見標(biāo)志有連詞or，而且多用逗號與生詞隔開，“refer to”, “mean”等；（2）同義暗示法。作者用了一個生詞的時候，一般會在下文用一個同義詞來暗示這個單詞的意思；（3）反義對比法。作者通過介紹一個生詞的反義詞來告訴我們這個生詞的意思

33、。因此，表示轉(zhuǎn)折的聯(lián)接詞but, unlike, while, however, on the contrary就成了這類題目的標(biāo)志詞；（4）事例證明法。諸如for example, such as之類的詞組。,14,Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of materi

34、al made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of year. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. Whats the meaning for the word “parchm

35、ent”? _ A. The skin of young animals. B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals. C. The paper used by European countries. D. The paper of Egypt.,B,15,The main thing to say about the weather in Britain is that its unpredictable. For some people this is interesting, for others it

36、is irritating (煩人的). But certainly you can never tell with certainty from one day to the next what the weather is going to be like. Every morning when you wake up is a glorious surprise especially if you have planned to go to the seaside and you find it is pouring rain or snowing. There are weather

37、forecasts (預(yù)報) on the radio and TV and in the newspaper but on the whole nobody believes them. The word “unpredictable” means _. A. cannot be told in advance B. cannot be understood C. cannot be prepared for ahead D. cannot be concluded,A,16,We were sorry that we had to ask the young man to leave th

38、e job. It was not that he was unpopular with the other people in the office. Everyone liked him. Nor was it that he was incapable. He had plenty of abilities. The problem was that so much of his work was unsatisfactory; it wasnt good enough. Sometimes he would leave a job unfinished, and never come

39、back to complete it. Other times his writing would be so illegible that you couldnt read it. Or he might disappear from the office for an hour or so with no explanation of where he had been. Once or twice he sat unoccupied for a while, doing nothing at all, until someone noticed him and gave him som

40、e work. In the passage “illegible” refers to _. A. difficult or impossible to read B. easy and ready to read C. easy and smooth to write D. difficult or impossible to write,A,17,For the rest of the 1920s, Hitchcock worked on one film after another, in Britain and on location in Germany. Filming was

41、often a rough-and-ready (匆忙做成的) affair and the assistant director was required to step in and plug gaps. A cameraman went missing, Hitchcock became a cameraman. A scene needed rewriting, Hitchcock rewrote it. Someone needed to be in charge of money when the film crew was on location, Hitchcock looke

42、d after the money. According to the context (上下文), “step in and plug gaps” means_. A. take ones place to do something B. ask for ones help C. make up ones mind to do something D. congratulate someone on something,A,18,Is there privacy between husband and wife? One of Sonias friends married a talente

43、d Chinese man, but recently she became so angry that she wanted a divorce. The reason was that her husband had opened one of her letters and looked through her purse. The husband didnt realize that Americans wouldnt tolerate it. He thought being a couple was like being one person; why couldnt he see

44、 the letter or the contents of the purse? Truly, everyone, even those living as a couple, needs room not only in three-dimensional (立體的) space, but in the heart. The word “tolerate” means _. A. get rid of B. forget C. bear D. beat,C,19,Those tiny, little hairs above our eyes that many women pay so m

45、uch attention to play a very important role in keeping moisture out of our eyes. Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from the rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat. When its pouring rain outside or when sweat drips down from our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow

46、of water or sweat away from our eyes. According to the context (上下文), “moisture” refers to _. A. ice B. boiled water C. rain or sweat D. soft drink,C,20,Still John drove up and stopped and they were both horror- stricken to see the whole house in flames. A woman on the lawn was screaming, The childr

47、en! Get the children! John grabbed her by the shoulder saying, Tell us where the children are! In the basement, sobbed the woman, down the hall and to the left.“ What does “horror-stricken” mean _. A. greatly frightened B. deeply moved C. highly praised D. completely surprised,A,21,（四）主旨題： 主要的目的是了解文

48、章所論述的主題思想以及作者的寫作意圖。 常見命題方式： A: What is the general topic of the passage? B: The best title for this passage is _. C: The main idea of this passage is_. D: What is the passage about? E: What does this passage mainly discuss? 這類問題選擇答案時切忌過于具體，不能選擇概括全篇文章中某一段落的主題的、或是某個細(xì)節(jié)的選項；另外也不要選擇過于籠統(tǒng)的答案，致使選項中包含的內(nèi)容超越了文章

49、的主題。最基本的方法是找各個段落的主題句。主題句通常在一段的開頭或者結(jié)尾部分。因此解答主旨題時，應(yīng)該多關(guān)注一個段落的兩頭。當(dāng)然，有時候主題句藏在一段的中間，甚至壓根兒就沒有主題句。,22,Americans in business are like people who are in business anywhere, they have a language of their own. One such thing is get your act together. When things go wrong in a business, an employer may get angry,

50、 he may shout get your act together. Getting your act together is getting organized. In business it usually means developing a calm and orderly plan of action. It is difficult to tell exactly where the saying began. But it is probable that it was in the theater or movie industry. Perhaps one of the

51、actors was nervous and made a lot of mistakes. The director may have said Calm down now, get your act together. Word expert James Roger says the expression was common by the late 1970s. Another expression used by American business people is cut to the chase The passage is mainly about_. A. American

52、business world B. movie language C. American business language D. American businessmen,C,23,On February 14th many people in the world celebrate an unusual holiday, St. Valentines Day, a special day for lovers. The origin of this holiday is uncertain but according to one story it gets its name from a

53、 Christian named Valentine who lived in Rome during the 3rd century A.D. His job was to perform marriages for Christian couples. Unfortunately the Emperor of Rome didnt allow Christian marriages. So they had to be performed in secret. Finally Valentine was arrested and put into prison. While he was

54、in prison he fell in love with the daughter of the prison guard. After one year the Emperor offered to release Valentine if he would stop performing Christian marriages. Valentine refused and so he was killed in February, 270 A.D. Before her was killed Valentine sent a love letter to the daughter of

55、 the prison guard. He signed the letter “from your Valentine”. That was the first Valentine. Today Valentines are cards usually red and shaped like hearts with messages of love written in them. On Valentines Day tens of millions of people send and receive Valentines. Whether it is an expensive heart

56、-shaped box of chocolates from a secret admirer or a simple hand-made card from a child, a Valentine is a very special message of love. The passage is mainly about _. A. a special holiday B. one possible origin of St. Valentines Day C. the love story of a Christian called Valentine D. what is Valent

57、ine today,B,24,If you are like most learners of English, you probably do not spend much time reading English. You are likely to be aware of an urgent need to improve your speaking and listening skills, increase your vocabulary and improve your grammar. Because of these seemingly more urgent (緊急的) ne

58、eds, reading skills improvement is often put at the bottom of the list of things to do to improve your English ability. You may also tell yourself that you do not need to spend extra time on reading improvement because you do reading in English as part of your schoolwork or job. Putting off reading improvement with this type of reasoning is one of the biggest mistakes you can make in your language-learning planning. The purpose of reading practice is far more than just improving reading comprehension. Through reading your can improve your Engl