英語(yǔ)作文講義

1、 1.對(duì)立法： when asked about _, the vast/ overwhelming majority of people say that_. but i think/view a bit differently that_. now it is commonly/widely believed that_. they claim/believe/ argue that_. but i wonder/doubt whether_. 2.現(xiàn)象法 recently, the rise in the problem/phenomenon of _ has aroused publi

2、c/popular/wide concern. recently the issue of _ has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention. 3.觀點(diǎn)法 history never has the change of _as evident as_. nowhere in the world/china has the issue/idea of _being more visible/popular than_. now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning

3、/coming to realize/accept/be aware that_. 4.引用法 “_”is the remark made by_. it has been shared by more and more people. “_” how often we hear such statements/words as these. 5.比較法 for years，_have been viewed as_. but people are taking a fresh look now. with the growing_, people_. people used to think

4、 that_. (in the past,_.) but now people share a new idea of _. 結(jié)尾1.結(jié)論法 from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that_. in summary/in a word/on balance, it is more valuable that_. 2.建議法 while it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. the most popular is _. an

5、other method is _. still another one is _. awareness/recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 3.方向性結(jié)尾法 many solutions are being offered here, all of which make some sense, but none is adequate enough. the problem should be recognized in a wide way. there is no quick method

6、to the issue of _, but _might be helpful/beneficial. 開(kāi)頭句 1 there is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of . 2 as we all know, the general public has been debating whether is a blessing or a curse. 3 nowadays, is playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. however, peoples opi

7、nions are still divided on this point. 4 with a gradual/sharp growth (progress/arrival) of/in , people become more and more concerned about 5 it is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of for one, such as, but, compared with, it seems more/les attractive to me. 6 it is widely believed by many people f

8、or some time that . 7 it is universally acknowledged that 8 it is undoubted that ; there is no doubt that; undoubtedly, there is; it is beyond doubt that .我的看法 1 as far as i am concerned, however, i would prefer to value it as 2 i adhere to / stick to the opinion / view / truth that 3 if i were aske

9、d to make a choice between the two, however, i would like to attach more weight to the latter/former than to the former/latter 4 as for me, i prefer 5 for my part, i am in favor of 6 from my point of view, i side with 7 in my eyes, i would highlight. 8 it is true that does ensure/ bring a lot of for

10、 one, such as, but, compared with, it seems more/les attractive to me.結(jié)尾： 1 all in all, 2 to sum up, 3 to draw a conclusion, 4 based on what has been mentioned,對(duì)比模板1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that_. (觀點(diǎn)1) 2 but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that _.(觀點(diǎn)2)3

11、 as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea. 4 there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.5 first of all, _.(論據(jù)1) 6 more importantly, _.(論據(jù)2)7 most important of all, _(論據(jù)3) 8 in summary, _(總結(jié)觀點(diǎn) 1 people hold different views about x. 2 some people assume that 觀點(diǎn)1, while others point out that 觀點(diǎn)2

12、. 3 as far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. 4 for one thing, 論據(jù)1. 5 for another, 論據(jù)2. 6 last but not the least, 論據(jù)3. 7 to conclude, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn). (或 from above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè). )圖表作文n (1) 表格 table (area chart) n (2) 柱狀圖bar chartn (3) 餅圖 pie chartn (4) 曲線圖curve line表說(shuō)明的

13、常用句型n as can be seen from the diagram/chart/graph/tablen as is revealed/illustrated/shown/stated/noted in the chartn it can be seen from the chart/table/statistics thatn the figure suggests/shows/indicates/illustrates/demonstrates thatn the chart gives information that表結(jié)論的常用句型n from the analyses abo

14、ve, we can draw/arrive at/come to/make/reach the conclusion thatn from the above data we can concluden according to the information gathered above, we may reach the conclusion thatn the graph reflects thatn we can make a conclusion from the above that表數(shù)據(jù)的n had the largest percentage/proportion ofn m

15、ake(s) up/ take(s) up/ account(s) forpercent.n on the top of the list is, which accounts forpercent.n compared with a, b has a higher/lower percentage.n a is ranked/ rated first, followed by b a is twice as much/ many as b.n a is percent higher than b.n a is slower than b by three times.n the number

16、 of a is three times as much as that of b.表成倍變化的n the number has doubled/tripled/quintupled（五倍的）, betweenandn from to,increased/dropped more than six fold（6倍，6折）.n a is twice/three times/four times the amount in表極點(diǎn)變化的n the situation/figures reached a peak/high atpercent inn the situation/figures bot

17、tomed out atpercent inn the output ofinwaspercent down/up compared with表數(shù)據(jù)增長(zhǎng)的n there was a rapid/sharp/dramatic/marked/gradual/slow rise/increase/upwardn it increased/rose/went up fromton it has risen to an average ofn the number ofis on the rise/increase.n the number of tends to go up/increase/rise

18、.n there was a boom in the number offromton the number ofclimbed/jumped/rose suddenly/went sharply up/soared toin下降的n there was a fall/decrease/reduction/decline/drop/downward trendn the number ofhas fallen/dropped/declined ton the number of is on the decline.n the number of tends to go down/decreas

19、e/fall/drop表變化不大的n there was a slight fluctuation flkten波動(dòng) in the number offromton the number ofremained steady/stable/constant between andn there was little/hardly any change in the number ofbetween and n the number of remained level between andn the number ofremained steady at approximatelybetween

20、and應(yīng)用文（二）信紙格式： 日期：月日年/日月年(美國(guó)習(xí)慣：may 15(th),2003;英國(guó)習(xí)慣:15(th) may,2003。) 稱呼: 后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)是逗號(hào)或冒號(hào)(美國(guó)人在稱呼后用冒號(hào),英國(guó)人用逗號(hào))。dear sir or madam, to whom it may concern：再次表示歉意或感激（1）thank you for your kind assistance.（2）please accept my heartfelt（衷心的;誠(chéng)摯的 ） thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.（3）i am sorry that i

21、cannot, and trust that you will understand.（4）in addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience i may have caused.（5）once again, i am sorry for any inconvenience caused.請(qǐng)求回信；（1）i look forward to your prompt response. （2）looking forward to a prompt reply.（3）i expect to hear from you very soon. （4）i

22、 hope to receive your reply shortly.翻譯題i.漢語(yǔ)從反面表達(dá)，譯文從正面表達(dá)例1：他提出的論據(jù)相當(dāng)不充分。譯文：the argument he put forward is pretty thin. (詞)例2：我們確信，年輕一代將不會(huì)辜負(fù)我們的信任。譯文：we are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短語(yǔ))例3：他七十歲了，可是并不顯老。譯文：he was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子) ii.

23、漢語(yǔ)從正面表達(dá)，譯文從反面表達(dá)例4：他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無(wú)常。譯文：he was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (詞)例5：調(diào)查結(jié)果清清楚楚地顯示病人死于心臟病。譯文：the investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease.(短語(yǔ))例6：這類舉動(dòng)遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)的。譯文：such actions couldnt long escape notice. (句子iii.特殊的否定句式例7：有利必有弊。譯文：there is

24、not any advantage without disadvantage. (雙重否定)例8：我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)城市從未因?yàn)槭仟q太人而遭受歧視。譯文：in that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were jews. (否定轉(zhuǎn)移)分句法例1. 少年是一去不復(fù)返的，等到精力衰竭時(shí)，要做學(xué)問(wèn)也來(lái)不及了。(按內(nèi)容層次分譯) 譯文： youth will soon be gone， never to return. and it will be too late for you to go into scholarship wh

25、en in your declining years. 例2. 她隔窗望去，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)有只小船停泊在河邊，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(從主語(yǔ)變換處分譯) 譯文： looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. in it there was a boatman fast asleep. 例3. 聲速隨溫度的升降會(huì)有輕微的增減，但不受氣壓的影響。 (從關(guān)聯(lián)詞處分譯) 譯文： the speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperatur

26、e and falls with decrease in temperature. it is not affected by the pressure of the air.例4. 我們的政策是實(shí)行“一個(gè)國(guó)家，兩種制度”，具體說(shuō)，就是在中華人民共和國(guó)內(nèi)，有著十多億人口的大陸實(shí)行社會(huì)主義制度，香港、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)實(shí)行資本主義制度。(原文出現(xiàn)總說(shuō)或分述時(shí)要分譯)譯文： we are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems.” more specifically, this means that within the peoples repu

27、blic of china, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while hong kong and taiwan continue under the capitalist system例5. 我們主張對(duì)我國(guó)神圣領(lǐng)土臺(tái)灣實(shí)行和平統(tǒng)一，有關(guān)的政策，也是眾所周知和不會(huì)改變的，并且正在深入人心。(為了強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣而采用分譯)譯文： we want peaceful reunification with taiwan which is part of our sa

28、cred territory. our policy in this regard（在這點(diǎn)上） is also known to all and will not change. the desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of（抓?。?the entire chinese nation.待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容3合句法例6：一代人與一代人之間的沖突，也就是年輕人與老年人的沖突，似乎是最可笑的。因?yàn)檫@就是現(xiàn)在的自己與將來(lái)的自己，或者說(shuō)過(guò)去的自己與現(xiàn)在的自己的沖突。(在關(guān)聯(lián)詞

29、處合譯)譯文：a conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.例7：對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，我的水族箱就像我自己的一個(gè)小王國(guó)。我就是里面的國(guó)王。(從主語(yǔ)變換處合譯)譯文：to me my aquarium is like my own little kingdo

30、m where i am king.例8：第二天，我又接到一個(gè)電報(bào)。這個(gè)電報(bào)有34個(gè)字，比前一個(gè)電報(bào)說(shuō)得更詳細(xì)。(按內(nèi)容連貫合譯)譯文：the following day i received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more detailswinger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, whil

31、e slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger

32、 jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament hig

33、h 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman

34、islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me

35、its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediat

36、e investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda

37、.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere)

38、where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught col