定語(yǔ)從句的練級(jí)

1、一. 本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容定語(yǔ)從句講解和練習(xí)二. 重難點(diǎn)講解定語(yǔ)從句（一）概念：He is the boywho ofte n goes to school late.先行詞 關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：that ， which， who， whom whose （定語(yǔ)） 注：在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或作賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系畐詞： when, where， why， how。注：在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。（二）原則：a. 定語(yǔ)從句必須緊跟在先行詞后面，限制修飾先行詞。b. 定語(yǔ)從句必須用關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)。c. 關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作一個(gè)句子成分。（三）定語(yǔ)從句可分為兩大類，即限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞

2、在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉的話，主 句的意思就不完整，意義就表述不明。這種句型一般定語(yǔ)從句緊接先行詞 （不用 逗號(hào)隔開）如：I was the only pers on in my office who was in vited. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。它與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充， 說明的作用，也就是說即便去掉定語(yǔ)從句，句意也不受影響。主從句之間常用逗 號(hào)分開，且非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that來引導(dǎo)。This was the American Civil War, which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.He

3、 was take n to ano ther room, where he found a woun ded boy, who was dyi ng.(四) 引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞She is the old woma n whom I saw this morni ng.Mary is the girl whose pare nts work in Japa n.Is this the key which you are looking for?October 1, 1949 is the day whe n New Chi na was foun ded.This is the ho

4、use where the great man was born.I don t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.(1) who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不能省略。His father is the pers on who will be most unhappy. 他父親將是感至 U最不高興的人。(2) whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。Do you know Mr. Zhang whom they like very much?你認(rèn)識(shí)他們非常喜歡的張先生嗎？(3) whose指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。He is the only

5、 stude nt in our class whose father is a policeman.他是我們班唯一一個(gè)爸爸是警察的學(xué)生。(4) which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指物可與that互 換；做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如果作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且介詞提前，貝U不能省略，也不能替換為 that oThis is the magaz ine about which we were talki ng.=This is the magazine(which/= that ) we were talking about.This is the room (which/ that ) I pai

6、nted last week.(作賓語(yǔ)可省略)(5) that指物/人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指人可與who 替換；指物可與which替換。做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。The book that (=which) cost me a lot of money is interesting.The hero that(=whc) saved me from the fire is a PLA man.The book (that/ which ) I bought yesterday is well written.下列定語(yǔ)從句只能用that來引導(dǎo)：1. 先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾 This

7、 is the Iongest bridge that I have ever see n.2. 先行詞為序數(shù)詞所修飾 I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel.This is the first composition that he has ever written in English.3. 先行詞既包括人又包括物 They talked of thi ngs and pers ons that happe ned in the school.He talked about the teacher

8、s and schools that he had visited.4. 主句是 who或which開頭的特殊疑問句中的定語(yǔ)從句 Whois the man that came this morning? Which is the bag that you lost?5. 先行詞為 the only, the very, the last, the same所修飾He is the very person that the police are looking for.This is the only thing that I can remember.6. 先行詞是 everything,

9、nothing, something, all, little, much, everybody等不定代詞Tell us everyth ing that you know, please.Is there anything that y ou don t understand?7. 先行詞被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾 All thatglitters is not gold.I ve read all the books that you gave me.只能用which，不用that的情況：1. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。例如： The

10、 meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wan ted.2.定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。例如： The thing about which he is talk ing is of great importa nee.（五）“介詞+關(guān)系詞”及關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why1. The box is full of bottles.He is standing on the box. The boxon which he is sta nding is full of bottles.The box where

11、he is sta nding is full of bottles.2. This is the trai n.We work on the train. This is the train onwhich we work.This is the train where we work.3. I know the reas on. She did it for the reas on. I know the reas on forwhich she did it.I know the reas on whyshe did it.4. The man is our school master.

12、 You shook hands with the man just now.The man with whom you shook hands is our schoolmaster.5. The pen is made in Shan ghai.She is writ ing with the pen.The pen with which she is writing is made in Shanghai.不能拆開的詞組：look for / look after /take care of / put o n / take off（六）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞保持一

13、致。The stude nt who is good at En glish studies hard.The stude nts who are good at En glish study hard.對(duì)比： He is one of the students who are good at English.（英語(yǔ)好的不止他一人，他是他們中的一員）He is the one of the students who is good at English.（學(xué)生不止一人，他們中只有一人英語(yǔ)好）（七）as作為關(guān)系代詞，習(xí)慣上用于下列詞組：the same.assuch .asas . asso a

14、s1. Take as many books as you want.2. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.3. He read such books as will make him wiser.4. The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.As用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常見以下句型：as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as an ybody can see,as was expected, a

15、s we can imagine, as has been pointed out注意：as與which的用法區(qū)別：as與which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，都可指代整個(gè)主句，但as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句的句首，句中或句尾，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只可放在主句的句尾As we have see n, ocea ns cover more tha n 70 perce nt of the earth.Ocea ns cover more tha n 70 perce nt of the earth, as we have see n.She was awarded a gold medal, which

16、 the whole family considered a great honour.（丿八）the same as, the same that 的區(qū)另This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.（相似的事物）I am weari ng the same coat that I wore yesterday.（同一事物）（九）定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于形容詞作定語(yǔ)，對(duì)先行詞加以限制或修飾，同位語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng) 于名詞，對(duì)先行詞加以補(bǔ)充或說明，連接詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分，而that在同位語(yǔ)從句不充當(dāng)句子成分。The promise

17、that my uncle gave me made us happy. （定語(yǔ)從句）The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy.（同位語(yǔ)從句）The n ews that they had won came.（十）關(guān)系代詞 what和that, which 的區(qū)別:先比較下列句子中的 what 和 that : Hetold us the things that he had seen. f He told us what he had see n.This is the words which I sai

18、d.f This is what I said.可以看出what實(shí)際上等于是“the thing that(which) ”， 即“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”。因此在句中如果已有先行詞，則不能用what，而只能用that(which)，如沒有先行詞，則用what。what是一個(gè)沒有先行詞的連接代詞，連 接名詞從句，如：賓語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句等?！镜湫屠}】1. Everyth ingI know will be taught to the stude nts.2. This is the best filmI have ever see n.3. The man ager walked toward th

19、e gatethe workers are wait ing.4. You can t go into this roomthey are having a meeting.5. I still remember the dayswe studied together.6. The picturehas a house and flowers is the one I like best.7. Don t make the same mistakeyou did last time.8. He failed in the exam,surprised us all .9. He did all

20、was n ecessary to be done.10. Her parents wouldn t let she marry anyonefamily was poor.11. Tom,pare nts are poor workers, always goes hun gry.答案:1. that2. that3. where4. where5whe n6. which/ that7. as8. which9. that10. whose11.whose【模擬試題】定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)一. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. We are lear ning En glish, a Ian guageis

21、used in many places inthe world.2. Most America ns love Chin ese food,is cooked in a differe nt wayfrom western food.3. This magaz ine bel ongs to the teacherteaches us history.4. Anyonecomes to Chi na will surely visit the Great Wall n earBeiji ng.5. Anyonehas a cold should have a good rest.6. The

22、housesta nds on the top of the hill was built last mon th.7. The medici nehe bought is good for your health.8. He is the only pers onsaw the accide nt yesterday.9. Tom is trying to read in the roomthe others are watching TV.10. We won t forget the daythe hero was killed.11. The studentthe teachers a

23、re talking about has won the firstprize in the En glishcon test.13. Do you remember the timewe got lost in the park?14. I ll never forget the time we spent together in the army camp.15. They are build ing a hospital on the streetwe used to live.16. The present he gave her yesterday eveningis still u

24、nopened.17. Happ in ess is one of the thingsmoney cannot buy.18. This is the hospitalher mother works.19. I ll never forget the dayI joined the League.20. The housewas pulled dow n last week is being rebuilt.21. The manwife died last year has gone to Japa n.22. Tell me the reas onthe America n lady

25、left.23. Do you know the boywas praised at the meeti ng?24. I know the girlthe teacher praisedyesterday.25. Allen is the girlI think will succeed in the test.二. 用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空1. Have you ever read the bookthere are manypictures?2. The manhe had a talk yesterday is a doctor.3. The library we ofte n bor

26、row books is very large.4. The gen tlema n you just spoke is our headmaster.5. This is the new bicycle I spent five hundred dollars.6. Here are the table tennis players, someare our oldfrien ds.7. The toolhe is worki ng is called a spade.8. China has hundreds of islands, the largest is Taiwan.9. The

27、 school has 2600 students, two thirds are girls.10. Water is a liquid, the freezing pointis 0 C.11. Give mea piece of paperI can write the phone number.12. The boy built a telescopehe could study the skies.三. 選擇填空1. The villageI once worked has cha nged a lot.A. whichB. whereC.thatD. /2. China is a

28、develop ing coun try,we all know.A. whomB. asC.thatD. which3. He told me of the people and in terest ing thingshe had see nin America.A. whichB. whomC. whatD./4. Was it at a theater _ they met?A. whereB. thatC. whichD.in which5. The picture which has many flowers in isI like best.A. whichB. thatC. t

29、heoneD. where6. The knifehe cut the bread is very sharp.A. with whichB. with itC. withthatD. which7. It is you thatwrong.A. is has bee n8. He is one of the foreig n experts whoChin ese.A. knowsB. knowC. is knownD. areknown9. In the old house, Tom washed the ten windows, most ofhadn tbee n clea ned f

30、or years.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD.which10. Alice is the only one of the students in our school whoAustralia ?A. has gone toB. has bee n toC. have gone toD.have bee n to11. Pass me the bookcover is red.A. whichB. whoseC.whatD. that12. Is this the hospitalyou visited the other day?A. whichB. whereC. i

31、n whichD. atwhich13. Is this factoryyou want to visit tomorrow?A. whichB. thatC. whereD.the one14. He has lost the key to the deskthe papers are kept.A. whichB. thatC. i nwhichD. i n that15. The mice built tunnelsthey can get rice in the fields.A. whichB. on whichC. by whichD.through which16. He ll

32、remember the dayshe spent with his pupils.C. whatD. int a si ngle personshe couldC. from whomD. to whomC. thatD. inB. such as he looksD. so as he looksA. /B. wherewhich17. In the dark street, there wasn turn for help.A. thatB. who18. Is it in this househe was born?A. whichB. wherewhich19. He is nota

33、 fool.A. such as he is lookedC. as as he is looked20. Do you remember the villagein 1978?A. where we went toB. where we wentC. which we wentD. that we went21. Do you know the stude nt?A. whom I ofte n talkB. with who I ofte n talkC. I ofte n talk withD. that I often talk22. He met my mother, fromhe

34、got the n ews of my marriage.A. whoB. whomC. whichD.her23. The manhas gone to Beiji ng.A. whom I told youB. which I toldyouC. whom I told you about himD. I told you about24. It is the third time that Ihere.A. had bee n will be25. Have you visited the bridge buildi ng?the workers have just fini shedA

35、. / /B. where itC. where /D. / it26. He lost the moneyhe would pay for his educati onA. whomB. whichC. of whomD. of which27. You d better better and cleverer.let the children read such bookswill make themA. whichB. thatC. /D. as28. ItJack and Mary whothe broke n chair the other day.A. is is repairin

36、gB. were repairedC. are repairD. was repaired29. It was in the hall n ight.we have dinnerwe held a party lastA. where thatB. that wherewhichD. which whereC. where 3O.The watch hewent wrong aga in.A. had to be men ded had bee n men dedB. has mendedC. had had mendedD.31. I want badly is a new sports c

37、ar.A. All thatB. All whatC. All whichD. Thething what32. A survey was carried out on the death rate of n ewly born babies inthat regi on,were surpris ing.A. the results of itB. as resultsC. the results ofwhichD. which results33. He cameback late, which time all the guests had already left.34. I ve never been to Beijing , but its the placeB. I most want t