限制性非限制性定語(yǔ)從句詳解+練習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞(有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分)而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。一詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ) Whowhichthat主語(yǔ) Whomwhichthat賓語(yǔ) Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例 1: This is the detective who came from London.例 2： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例 3:

2、The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4： This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2 關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 女口果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything,little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用 that ,不用which。例如：All the people that are prese nt burst into tears.(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及 first, last, any, only

3、, few, much, no, some, very 等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用which, who，或whom 例如：(3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that，作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election,mostof whom、are well educated.(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替 主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and

4、 this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competiti on, which made his pare nts very happy.(5) that可指人或物，在從句中作表語(yǔ)，(指人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多用whc)僅用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。(6) which可作表語(yǔ)，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè) 或是有種特征品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用whQ(8) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。

5、例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9)女口果先行詞是 anyone, an ybody, every one, everybody, some one,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who或whom 不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?Where：對(duì)于關(guān)系副詞where的考察，趨于一種“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表 示某人/物的situation ，或某事發(fā)展的stage，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用 關(guān)系副詞where。常見(jiàn)的先

6、行詞還有point ，case等。3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for,with, to at, of, without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用 whom或 which,不可用 that 。in which =where for which =why on which = whe n from where為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from w

7、here we can see the tow n.(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如:This is the boy whom she has take n care of.二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1 關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。2. that 可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when,

8、 where或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因，在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中，that也可以省去。三限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1 二者差異比較限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，可 以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明， 用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。2 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1)弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，作狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3. 先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別

9、的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四.As在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.弓I導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(1) as多與such或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。(2) as也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如:The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody

10、 can see.3) the samethat 與 the same as 在意思上是不同的。2. As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面， 一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后 as is known 眾所周知，as is often the case情況常常如此， as is supposed如所料想的，as often happe ns 這種情況常常發(fā)生，as is expected 在意料之 中。例如：(1) As is expected, the England team won the

11、 football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by every one.眾所周知，定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。下面結(jié)合考 例談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：一、that不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：【考例一】 She heard the terribleno ise, brought her heart in toher mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that【解析】選B。后半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，盡管先行詞noise屬于事物，也不能用th

12、at而要用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。which指代noise，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。二、除which夕卜，還可用 when, where，whose, whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從 句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相同。如：Next mon th, whe n youll spe nd your summer holidays in your hometow n,is approach in g.下個(gè)月即將來(lái)臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。(關(guān)系副詞when 指代表示時(shí)間的名詞n ext mo nth，并作從句的狀語(yǔ)。)She is going to live in Macao, where s

13、he has some close frie nds.她要到澳門(mén)去居住，在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。（關(guān)系副詞where指代表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 Macao并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。）【考例二】 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was veryreas on able.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose【解析】選Bo whose在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語(yǔ)，既可指代人，也可指 代物。指物時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為 of which ;指人時(shí)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為of whom?！究祭?/p>

14、 In the office I n ever seem to have time un til after 5:30 pm,many people have gone home.A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which time【解析】 先行詞5:30 pm與 time之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用 which來(lái)作定語(yǔ) 替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與 by短語(yǔ)連用。故選D。三、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whomhe

15、 loved as his own mother.他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母，他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣愛(ài)戴。四、 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 which，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以 指代前面整句的含義。如：【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,made the others un happy.A. who B. whichC. this D. what【解析】選B。指代“ Dorothy總是高度評(píng)價(jià)自己在那場(chǎng)戲中所擔(dān)任的角色” 的整個(gè)事件?！究祭濉緾arol said

16、the work would be done by October,pers on ally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. whe n D. which【解析】表示時(shí)間的名詞October，用“我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來(lái)修飾，意思不通。 應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句，表示對(duì)“ Carol說(shuō)在十月前能做好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。故選D。五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)as和which的差異：從句置于句首時(shí)，非限制 性定語(yǔ)從句只能用as引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時(shí)，兩者都可以使用。女口：【考例六】 is known to everybody, the moon travels round theeart

17、h once every mon th.A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】逗號(hào)表明為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。選 Bo【考例七】 is mentioned above, the number of the students insenior high schools is in creas ing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。非限練習(xí)+詳解1. The placein terested me most was the Childre ns Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in

18、which2. Do you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3. This is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4. Do you know the yearthe Chin ese Commu nist Party was foun ded?A. which B. that C. whe n

19、D. on which5. That is the dayril n ever forget.A. which B. on which C. i n which D. whe n6. The factorywell visit n ext week is not far from here.weareA. where B. to which C. which D. i n which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory worki ng.A. where B. that C. which D. there8. T

20、his is one of the best films.A. that have bee n show n this yearB. that have show nC. that has bee n show n this yearD. that you talked9. Can you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The penhe is writ ing is mine.A.

21、with which B. i n which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engin eermy father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.lt there anyone in your classfamily is in the country?A.

22、 who B. whos C. which D. whose14.1m in terested inyou have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.1 want to use the same dicti onarywas used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16. He isnt such a manhe used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at En glish,we all know.A. that

23、B. as C. whom D. what18. Li Ming,to the con cert enjo yed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.1 dont likeas you read.A. the no vels B. the such no vels C. such no vels D. same no vels20. He talked a lot about thi ngs and pers onsthey remembered inth

24、e school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.ln our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofare wome n.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23. Youre the only pers onIve ever metcould do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. who

25、m;/ D./; who24.1 lost a book,I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summerwe visited the West Lake, Hangzhouis famous in theworld.A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.1 have bought such a watchwas advertised on TV.A. that B. which C.

26、as D. it27.1 can never forget the daywe worked together and the daywe spe nt together.A. whe n; which B. which; whe n C. what; that D. on which; whe n28. The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29. This is the reas onhe did nt come to the meet ing.A. in which B. with which

27、C. that D. for which30. This mach ine,for many years, is still worki ng perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31. The reas onhe did nt come washe was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32. He is

28、working hard,will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33. That is not the wayI do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.1 have two grammars,are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.1 want to use the same toolsused in your fac

29、tory a few daysago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36. My n eigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,wasvery kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37. This is the magaz ineI copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38. He is not such a manwould leave

30、his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depe nd on whatever promisehe makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smok ing,is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guardhappe ned?-Yes, he told me allhe kn ew.A. what; that B. what; what

31、C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall n ever forget those yearsI lived on the farm withthe farmers,has a great effect on my life.A. whe n; who B. that; which C. which; that D. whe n; which43. The nu mber of the people whocarsin creas ing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During t

32、he days, he worked as a serva nt at the Brow ns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxyge n the only gashelps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall,he could seewas going on in side house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. throu

33、gh that; what D. what; that47. Issome Germa n frie nds visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where48. Joh n got beate n in the game,had bee n expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpe ns,writes well.A. none of them B. n either o

34、f them C. n either of which D. none of which50. All that can be eate neate n up.A. are being B. has bee n C. had bee n D. have bee n參考答案及解析1. A. which 用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2. C.和誰(shuí)講話”要說(shuō)speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為 Do you know the man whomI spoke to. 。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。3. D. where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。4. C.

35、 when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5. A. which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作 賓語(yǔ)。6. C.解析同第5題。7. A.解析見(jiàn)第3題。8. A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞 the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說(shuō)talk about sth. 。about是介詞，其后要用 which作賓語(yǔ)，不能用that。10. A. with which 是介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu),常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)

36、定語(yǔ)從句.with有用 的意思，介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)， 即 he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在從句中作狀語(yǔ).12. D. with whom 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with whom 放在從句中即為：my father works with the engin eer.13. D. whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)family的定語(yǔ).14. A. that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~

37、是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15. D. the same .as是固定用法，as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本句話中,as作從句的主語(yǔ).16. D. such as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本題中,as作表語(yǔ).17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語(yǔ).18. B. Li Mi ng enjoyed it very much 是主句,with whomI went to th

38、e con cert 是定語(yǔ)從句.with whom 放在從句中為:I we nt to the concert with Li Mi ng.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成 suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中 such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，要用such a.,本題中such books, such 直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20. B. things 和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又 表示物的名詞時(shí)，其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21. D. w

39、ho弓I導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,who作從句的主語(yǔ).22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom因 為，whom作從句中met的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略.第二個(gè)從句 who could do it.who 在 從句中作主語(yǔ)，不可省略.24. A. whose title引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,whose title 也可以說(shuō)成the titleof which25. A. for which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，使用介詞for,是來(lái)自于從句中的固定短語(yǔ) befamous for 以而聞名.26. C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞要用 as. As在本從句 中作主語(yǔ).27. A.兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的名詞，但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句 中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.28. D. 在way distanee、direction等詞后的定語(yǔ)從句中，常用 that來(lái)代替