高中英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句分析.

1、 一、長(zhǎng)難句的分類having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womensmagazines to be used. 例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺(tái)，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。在這個(gè)有 30 多個(gè)詞的簡(jiǎn)單句中，動(dòng)詞-ing 形式短

2、語(yǔ)用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不定式 to be used 修飾的不僅是 womens magazine，而且還修飾 television programs and stations. exact television 同時(shí)修飾 programs 和 stations 兩個(gè)詞，這在翻譯中可以看出來(lái)。插入語(yǔ) for instance 把主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)了。2、含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句。如：in the 1970s he was a surgeon at yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but hewas terribly unhappy

3、.在 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代，他在耶魯當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生，有位出色的太太和5 個(gè)漂亮的孩子，但他那時(shí)過(guò)得卻很不開(kāi)心。discrimination(歧視) isnt their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for thehuntingtons gene(基因) develops symptoms(癥狀) during middle age， and doctors can do nothingto help. 擔(dān)心受到歧視并不是他們唯一的憂慮，幾乎所有遺傳性亨廷頓病基因檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性的人在中年時(shí)癥狀都會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而醫(yī)生對(duì)此卻無(wú)能為力。3、含有多

4、個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句。如：i cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths popula tion grows and we use more andmore of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.我不能總是生活在對(duì)這種可能性的憂慮中：由于地球上人口的不斷增長(zhǎng)，由于我們正在消耗掉越來(lái)越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過(guò)著更加貧窮的生活。在 possibility 后由 that 引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中還含有一并列結(jié)

5、構(gòu)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：asresources.however，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers arerelatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生 ) graduate with the belief that theprospective(預(yù)期的) workplace may not have a place for them.然而，我們這些有這個(gè)年齡段孩子的家長(zhǎng)們都知道，這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少得可憐；我們也知道，許

6、多文科畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為未來(lái)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)沒(méi)有他們的一席之地。本句的主謂語(yǔ)是：those of us know 。know 有兩個(gè)由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中第二個(gè)省略了 know。在主句中還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 those of us，在第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中還有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句修飾 belief。his journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（無(wú)知地） enough when, as chairman ofcomputer associates international，a software company，he first heard how quick

7、ly his employeeshad accepted their new electronic-mail system.他在電子郵件的地獄之旅是糊里糊涂開(kāi)始的。作為國(guó)際計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)合公司這家軟件公司的董事長(zhǎng)，他當(dāng)時(shí)還是第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)他的雇員們是多么快地就接受了他們公司的新的電子郵件系統(tǒng)。as chairman of computer associates international是 he 的同位語(yǔ)，a software company是 computerassociates international 的同位語(yǔ)，他們將從屬連詞 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)了。5、并列復(fù)合句。如：i

8、have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but i have never questioned thefact that whether i liked it or not，change was unavoidable.我經(jīng)歷過(guò)好的變化，也經(jīng)歷過(guò)壞的變化，但是我從來(lái)沒(méi)有懷疑過(guò)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即不管我喜歡與否，變化總是不可避免的。在 but 后的那個(gè)并列的分句中有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，其中還含有一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。they also found that the bus conductor had a major role i

9、n preventing vandalism（故意破壞行為 ），and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares，vandalism did not oftenoccur.他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)公交車售票員在防止發(fā)生故意破壞方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。當(dāng)售票員到雙層公交車的上層收費(fèi)時(shí)，破壞行為就不常發(fā)生。在前一個(gè)并列分句中有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，在后一個(gè)并列的分句中有一個(gè)修飾 times 的定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句前省略了關(guān)系詞 that 或 when.2、如果是簡(jiǎn)單句，首先確定主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；接著確定賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（如有的話）

10、；然后確定定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等次要成分，即找出主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)各自的修飾語(yǔ)。按照所確定的各個(gè)成分，給出全句大意（可用翻譯法）。譯文意思應(yīng)當(dāng)通順，并和上下文意義基本吻合。如意義出入較大，文理不通，則分析可能有誤，這時(shí)應(yīng)考慮重新進(jìn)行句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。3、如果是并列句，首先應(yīng)找出并列連詞并把全句分解為若干個(gè)分句；接著按照簡(jiǎn)單句的分析方法再細(xì)分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后將全句綜合考慮。4、如果是復(fù)合句，首先找出從屬連詞并確定出主句，這時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意連詞省略現(xiàn)象和多義連詞在句中的確切含義；接著按照簡(jiǎn)單句的分析方法再細(xì)分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后確定從句的性質(zhì)，即該從句在句中修飾什么詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)；最后整體考慮全句大意

11、，尤其要 注意對(duì)修飾語(yǔ)的判斷是否準(zhǔn)確。三、長(zhǎng)難句分析的注意事項(xiàng)2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替代詞的所指對(duì)象。4、判斷并列成分的層次。5、句首的并列連詞 and、or、but、for 通常起承上啟下的作用，不要將他們歸入后文的句法分析。6、在從句多的句子中，從句中又包含從句的現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中作次要成分（定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)又帶著自己較長(zhǎng)的從屬成分，尤其是狀語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。8、在有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句和并列句中，狀語(yǔ)（單個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或從句）究竟是全句的修飾語(yǔ)還是某個(gè)從句或詞語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：1. canada has vast areas of wilderness, f

12、rom the arctic north, where average winter temperaturesare usually minus 20 degrees centigrade, to the 8,892-kilometre-long border with the usa to thesouth, which is the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.2. montreal, a port in the province of quebec, is the second lar

13、gest city in canada, and also thesecond largest french-speaking city in the world, paris being the largest.3. as a modern, dynamic city, montreal has a lively night scene, with many restaurants and clubs,as well as cultural and street festivals to ensure that no visitor is ever bored.4. it also has

14、superb scenery, a beautiful harbour, and all the comforts of modern life andinternational cuisine, in addition to being close to some very popular ski areas.5. the waterfalls, the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle, are 670 metres wide, and fall 56metres in an awesome white sheet of water.

15、6. although only a handful of people became successful, many stayed and built settlements in thearea, and there are now many museums showing what life was like back then.8. another popular sport, cricket, is originally from the uk, and has been exported to and followed in countries influenced by it,

16、 such as australia, india, pakistan, kenya and south africa.9. i think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.10. having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，forinstance，must select the exact television programs and stations as we

17、ll as the specific womensmagazines to be used.11. schools across china are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-termteachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures。(2009 江蘇)12. however，those of us who are parents of children in t

18、his age group know that such offers arerelatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that theprospective(預(yù)期的) workplace may not have a place for them.13. if you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the english language, youwill get answers like “shakespeare”, “samuel johnson”, and “webster”, but none of these menhad any effect at all compared to a man didnt even speak englishwilliam, the conqueror.14. he found out that kit williams had spent his childhood near ampthill ，in b