2017年考研英語一試題及答案解析

1、2017 年考研英語一試題及答案解析跨考教育英語教研室Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resoundingyes!_（ 1）helping you feel close and（2）to pe

2、ople you care about, it turnsout that hugs can bring a（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believeit or not, a warm embrace might even help you（ 4） getting sick this winter.In a recent study（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the ef

3、fects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_（6）the participants susceptibility to developing the commoncold after being_（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come_（8）with a cold, and the researchers （9）that the stress-reducing effects of huggin

4、g （10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support andreceived more frequent hugs had less severe（12） .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _ （ 13）risk for coldsthats usually （14）with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen

5、, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _（15） the feeling thatothers are there to help（16）difficulty.Some experts（ 17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to therelease of oxytocin, often called the bonding hormone_（ 18）it promotesattachme

6、nt in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it isreleased into the bloodstream. But some of it（ 19）in the brain, where it _（ 20）mood, behavior and physiology.1.A Besides BUnlikeC Througho

7、utD Despite2.A equalB restricted C connected D inferior3.A viewB host C lessonD choice4.A avoidB forgetC recall D keep5.A collectingB affecting C guidingD involving6.A on B inC atD of7.A devoted BattractedC lostD exposed8.A alongB acrossC down D out9.A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated10.A serve

8、d B restoredC explained D required11.A ThusB Still CRatherD Even12.A defeats Bsymptoms C errorsD tests13.A highlightedB increased C controlled D minimized14.A presentedB equipped C associated D compared15.A assess B generate C moderateD record16. A in the name of B in the form ofC in the face ofD in

9、 the way of17.A attributeB commitC transferD return18.A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19.A remainsB emergesC vanishesD decreases20.A experiencesB combinesC justifiesD influences1A BesidesB UnlikeC ThroughoutD Despite【答案】 A【解析】根據(jù)本句句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系， “ it turns out that hugs ”說明擁抱還有其他結(jié)果。因此，前文的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該為“除此以外” ，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)

10、， A Besides（除此之外）最為合適。2A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior【答案】 C【解析】本題實(shí)為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helping you feel close and _ （2）”，我們可以判斷， 由于空格處與前面內(nèi)容通過 and 連接，說明我們要選擇一個(gè)單詞與 feel close 同義，并且要與后面介詞 to 連用。 因此，通過對于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義判斷， C 選項(xiàng)有 “關(guān)聯(lián)的”含義最為符合。3A viewB hostC lessonD choice【答案】 B【解析】此題為固定搭配。“a host of”表示大量的。其他選項(xiàng)

11、搭配不合理。4A avoidB forgetC recallD keep【答案】 A【解析】根據(jù)題干信息 “a warm embrace might even help you _（ 4）getting sick this winter. ”中，出現(xiàn)“ even”，表示“甚至” ，說明此句話與上一句話存在遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系。上一句話的語義表示“擁抱可以帶來大量的好處” ，因此，這句話也應(yīng)該表示擁抱的好處。根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義， A avoid（避免） Bforget（忘記） Crecall（回憶） Dkeep（保持），A 選項(xiàng)“避免生病”最符合文意。5A collectingB affectingC

12、guidingD involving【答案】 D【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語， 需要選擇一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的 “ study”，因此，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng) A collecting （收集） Baffecting （影響） C guiding( 引導(dǎo) )D involving （涉及、卷入），根據(jù)句子含義，應(yīng)該表達(dá)“關(guān)于涉及400 人”的研究。因此正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為D6A onB inC atD of【答案】 A【解析】本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examined the effects of perceived social support and thereceipt of hugs_（ 6）th

13、e participants此，本題正確選項(xiàng)為A ?！笨疾楣潭ù钆洹癳xamined the effects”on因sthD 符合要求。7A devotedB attractedC lostD exposed【答案】 D【解析】根據(jù)句義“common cold after being_ （ 7） to the virus. ”“通常感冒是在。 。細(xì)菌之后發(fā)生的。 ”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)含義 A devoted（致力于） B attracted（吸引） C lost （丟失）D exposed(暴露于 )， D 選項(xiàng)“暴露在細(xì)菌中 ”符合文意。8A alongB acrossC downD out【答案】

14、C【解析】 本題為固定搭配。 Acome along with( 和。相處的好 )Bcome across with（償付）C come down with （得病，感染） D come out with （出版，提出） ，結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)后面與 cold （感冒）搭配， C 選項(xiàng)“得感冒”搭配最為合理。9A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated【答案】 D【解析】本題為動(dòng)詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“the researchers_（ 9 ） that thestress-reducing effects of hugging_ （ 10）about 3

15、2 percent of that beneficial effect. ”動(dòng)作的主語是“研究人員” ，連接后面的賓語從句“擁抱減小壓力的作用” ，并且有數(shù)據(jù)支撐。從選項(xiàng)含義 A imagined （想像） B denied（否認(rèn)） C doubted（懷疑） D calculated（計(jì)算，推測）來看，賓語從句部分應(yīng)為研究人員計(jì)算推測出的結(jié)果。因此，選項(xiàng)10A servedB restoredC explainedD required【答案】 C【解析】本題為動(dòng)詞含義考查。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“ the stress-reducing effects of hugging _（ 10） about

16、 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ”本題同樣考查研究人員做出的研究結(jié)果，因此，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)含義 A served（服務(wù)） Brestored（存儲） Cexplained（解釋） Drequired（要求），C 選項(xiàng)“解釋”符合語境要求。11A ThusB StillC RatherD Even【答案】 D【解析】本題為邏輯關(guān)系題。A Thus（因此，表示因果關(guān)系）B Still （仍然，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系） C Rather（相反，表示對比關(guān)系）D Even（甚至，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）根據(jù)文章上下文邏輯，下文是對上文做進(jìn)一步說明，因此選擇遞進(jìn)關(guān)系比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。

17、D 為正確選項(xiàng)。12A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests【答案】 B【解析】形容詞與名詞搭配問題。根據(jù)語境“ the ones who felt greater social support and receivedmore frequent hugs had less severe_ （ 12）”所選詞要與severe 構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文語境是關(guān)于對于擁抱實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。因此，B symptoms( 癥狀 ) 符合語境要求。正確選項(xiàng)為B。13A highlightedB increasedCcontrolledD minimized 【答案】 B【解析】本題

18、為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_（ 13）risk for colds thats usually _ （ 14）with stress, ，需要選擇一個(gè)形容詞來修飾risk 。在選項(xiàng)中， A highlighted （突出的） B increased（增加的） Ccontrolled（被控制的）D minimized （最小的），對比選項(xiàng)含義， B“增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”更符合原文語境。14A presentedB equippedC associatedD compared【答案】 C【解析】此題為固定

19、搭配題。A 和 B 選項(xiàng)不可以和with 連接。 Cassociated 可以和 with 連接，意為“與。 。有關(guān)聯(lián)”。D compared 和 with 連接表示“和。 。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本題正確選項(xiàng)為C.15A assessBgenerateC moderateD record【答案】 B【解析】 此題考查動(dòng)賓搭配。根據(jù)原文 “ Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _ （ 15）the feeling”，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞能夠和后文的“ the feeling ”搭配。分析選項(xiàng)含義： A assess（評估） Bgenerate（產(chǎn)

20、生） Cmoderate（緩和） D record（記錄），四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， B“ generatethe feeling ”產(chǎn)生感覺搭配最為合理。因此正選為B 。16A in the name ofB in the form ofC in the face ofD in the way of 【答案】 C【解析】此題為短語搭配題。分析選項(xiàng)含義 A in the name of （以 為名） B in the form of （以 的形式） Cin the face of（面對 ）Din the way of （以 的方式），結(jié)合文章語境，應(yīng)為“面對困難”搭配最為合理。因此，正確選項(xiàng)為C。17A

21、attributeB commitC transferD return【答案】 A【解析】此題為固定搭配題。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正確選項(xiàng)為A18A unlessB becauseC thoughD until【答案】 B【解析】 此題為邏輯關(guān)系題。 選項(xiàng)含義 A unless（除非） B because（因?yàn)椋?Cthough（雖然）D until（直到。才）。結(jié)合原文語境， “often called the bonding hormone_ （ 18）it promotes attachment in relationships, ”（經(jīng)常被稱之為“形成親密

22、關(guān)系的荷爾蒙”.它促進(jìn)了關(guān)系的依賴。 ）從本句來看，前后文屬于因果邏輯關(guān)系。因此正確選項(xiàng)為B19A remainsB emergesC vanishesD decreases【答案】 A【解析】本題為動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)含義為A remains（仍然） B emerges（出現(xiàn)） Cvanishes（消失） D decreases（減少）結(jié)合語境信息“But some of it _（19） in the brain,” C和 D 選項(xiàng)跟文章含義相反。而最符合文章要求，因此正確選項(xiàng)為B 選項(xiàng)只表示一種動(dòng)作。A 。A 選項(xiàng)表示它仍然在大腦里存在，where it _ （ 20）mood, behavi

23、or and physiology.20A experiencesB combinesC justifiesD influences【答案】 D【解析】本題為動(dòng)詞辨析。 選項(xiàng)含義為A experiences（經(jīng)歷） B combines（結(jié)合） Cjustifies（替某人辯護(hù)，證明合理）D influences （影響）。根據(jù)原文語境， “ where it _（ 20）mood, behavior and physiology. ”能夠搭配后面并列的三個(gè)賓語“情緒、行為、和生理” ，只有 D “影響”因此正確選項(xiàng)為 D。Section Reading ComprehensionPart A

24、Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （ 40 points） Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at le

25、ast at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder

26、 of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) fo

27、und in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long w

28、aits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is notyet clear how much more effective airline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screene

29、rs on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would no

30、t require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher

31、 risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChec

32、ks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping tofinance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while mostof the traveli

33、ng public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned toA explain American s tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.

34、airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “ exp

35、edited ” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to A quieter.B cheaper. C wider.D faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program isA a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the government s reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of

36、 the following would be the best title for the text? A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck Lanes答案： 21-25 ACDDC21. 答案【 A 】 explain American s tolerance of current security checks.解析：本題目為例證題，考察論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the crash of Egyp

37、t AirFlight 804 定位到第二段第二句。例證題中的例子為論據(jù)，所要找的答案為論點(diǎn)，而論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此該題目的答案是第二段的第一句話。二段首句說的是美國人愿意忍受長時(shí)間的安全檢查。正確答案 A 的 American s tolerance 是原文 Americans are willing to tolerate 的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)， current security checks 是原文的 time-consuming security 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項(xiàng) B 的 urgency to strengthen security worldwide ，原文未提及 worldwide ，屬于

38、擴(kuò)大范圍； 選項(xiàng) C 的 major U.S. major airports 屬于具體信息的干擾；選項(xiàng) D 的 privacy 隱私并未提及，是常識性干擾。22. 答案【 C】An increase in the number of travelers.解析：本題目為原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的long waits at major airports 定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 與題干中的contributed to 是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，所以定位內(nèi)容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正確答案C 的 an increase in thenumber of travelers是

39、原文 a rise in airline travel 的同義替換。干擾項(xiàng)A 的 carry-onbags 是在第四段的最后一句出現(xiàn)的，非定位句內(nèi)容；選項(xiàng)B 的 TSA efficiency 也出現(xiàn)在第四段；選項(xiàng)D 的 unexpected secret checks 未提及。23. 答案【 D】 faster.解析：本題目為詞義句意題，考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干，定位到第5 段第3句，“ Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screeninglanes”，結(jié)合下一句中的這樣會(huì)saving

40、time for everyone involved，即可以節(jié)省時(shí)間的安檢，與選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)就是答案D faster 更快。干擾項(xiàng) A 更安靜，選項(xiàng) B 更便宜，選項(xiàng) C 更廣泛，都無關(guān)，屬于常識性干擾。24. 答案【 D】 an unreasonable price for enrollment.解析：本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞problem with the PreCheck program定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話this price tag has been the PreChecks fatal flaw. 本句中的代詞 this 代詞指代本段第一句話，說的是Passengers必

41、須每五年pay 85 美元來做background checks。正確答案 D 中的 unreasonable price 是原文的85 美元，enrollment就是原文的 process background checks。干擾項(xiàng) A 其規(guī)模的極具下滑未提及，選項(xiàng)C其錯(cuò)誤的執(zhí)行屬于過度推理，選項(xiàng)C 政府不愿意支持是對原文的曲解。25. 答案【 C】Getting Stuck in Security Lines解析：本題目為全文主旨題。全文的中心主題出現(xiàn)在第一段和二段首句的范圍。第一段介紹事實(shí)背景，第二段首句提及了美國人對于安全檢查方面的狀況，并在下文提及了所出現(xiàn)的問題。正確答案 C 安檢流

42、程線陷入困境是對原文的總結(jié)概括。干擾項(xiàng) A 的 Screening 是原文的具體細(xì)節(jié)，選項(xiàng) B 和選項(xiàng) D 的 PreCheck 是原文最后三段的內(nèi)容。Text 2“ Theancient Hawaiians were astronomers, wrote” Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy

43、in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects t

44、he Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to te

45、lescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. I

46、n their eagerness tobuild bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems orits holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is aliving c

47、ulture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosityto findwhat lies beyond the horizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disasse

48、mble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling

49、to know ourselves and our true ancestralhomes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. TheTMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope s visibility around the island and to avoidarchaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna

50、Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to anatural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani s remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA her conservative

51、 view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features.B

52、 its protective surroundings. C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history. C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D

53、they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today s astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30. The author s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe c