高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練第三部分專題二主旨大意題[共9頁]

1、專題二主旨大意題Passage 12017 甲卷(全國),A體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間說明文老年人安全駕車研究3146分鐘The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named DriveLAB in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research

2、 shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔絕) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help

3、 them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(導(dǎo)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, gi

4、ving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is tha

5、t people stop driving before they really need to.Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.For example, m

6、ost of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control t

7、heir speed as a way of preventing that.We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解決方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.12.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older drivers p

8、roblems.D. To teach people traffic rules.13.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.14.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve thei

9、r driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.15.What is the best title for the text?A. A New Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problems C. Driving Services for EldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road

10、Passage 22017北京,C體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間說明文麻疹疫苗3466分鐘Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement

11、and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the n

12、ation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called herd immunity, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the

13、 whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn,

14、N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加) of wh

15、at are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out

16、. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.63.The firs

17、t two paragraphs suggest that .A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD. information about measles spreads quickly64.Herd immunity works well when .A. exemptions are allowed

18、B. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some pe

19、ople.66.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Passage 32016四川,D體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間說明文夜間牛奶2425分鐘A warm drink of milk before bed has long been

20、 the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off if it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin (褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The

21、study,by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected durin

22、g daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to tho

23、se who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before

24、 bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.32.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk .A.started sleep more easilyB.were more anxiousC.were less activeD.woke up later33.Which of the following is true

25、 of melatonin according to the text?A.Its been tested on mice for ten times.B.It can make people more energetic.C.It exists in milk in great amount.D.Its used in sleeping drugs.34.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Night Milk and SleepB.Fat, Sugar and HealthC.An Experiment on MiceD.Milk Dri

26、nking and Health35.How does the author support the theme of the text?A.By giving examples.B.By stating arguments.C.By explaining statistical data.D.By providing research results.Passage 42015廣東,A體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間記敘文知恩圖報2975分鐘Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word

27、game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, Oh, look, the game box hasnt even been opened yet. That might be worth some money.Peter examined the box and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw

28、 a date of 1973 on the back of the box.You should put that up for auction(拍賣)on the Internet, and see what happens, the salesgirl said.Yes, youre right. People like something rare,Peter agreed. I cant imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.Dont forget t

29、o tell me if you sell it, the salesgirl smiled.No problem, Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldnt find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information ab

30、out the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.Two weeks later, Peter we

31、nt back to the shop.Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said,Oh, hi!Ive got something for you,Peter said.I sold the game and made$1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.He handed her three$100 bills.Wow!the salesgirl cri

32、ed out. Thank you. I never expected it.26.Which of the following best describes Peters word game?A.It was made around 40 years ago.B.It had game boards in different sizes.C.It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.D.It had little pieces of wood in different colors.27.What did the salesgirl probably

33、think of Peters word game?A.Old and handy.B.Rare and valuable.C.Classic and attractive.D.Colorful and interesting.28.Peter got the names of the game fans from .A.an auctionB.the InternetC.a game shopD.the second-hand shop29.What happened at the end of the story?A.Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward

34、.B.The salesgirl became Peters friend.C.Peter returned the word game for $1,000.D.The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.30.What is the main theme of the story?A.Its important to keep a promise.B.Its great to share in other peoples happiness.C.We should be grateful for the help from others.D

35、.Something rare is worth a large amount of money.Passage 52015新課標全國,B體裁話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間說明文房屋設(shè)計影響身材3066分鐘Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you in

36、stead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(難為情) when theyre in poorly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of

37、 food. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like y

38、ellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when its time to repaint, go blue.Dont forget the clock or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the

39、 time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about

40、22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(攝入) jumps by 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25.The text is especially helpful for those who

41、care about .A.their home comfortsB.their body shapeC.house buyingD.healthy diets26.A home environment in blue can help people .A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Play fast music.C.Use small

42、er spoons.D.Turn down the lights.28.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?答案Passage 1本文是一篇科普說明文,介紹了智能交通團隊建立移動實驗室,研究老年人開車存在的問題和困難,幫助老年人安全駕駛。12.C考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的in order to under

43、stand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are可知,建立實驗室的目的是要找出老年人開車有困難的地方,故選C。13.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get

44、 out and about without having to rely on others.可知,對于很多老年人來說,開車對保持他們生活的獨立性至關(guān)重要,故選A。14.B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life可知,研究者正在研發(fā)車載式的技術(shù)以幫助老年人晚年依然能開車,故選B。15.D考查標題判斷。本文的關(guān)鍵詞是老年人開

45、車,重點講述了為了讓他們安全駕駛所進行的研究。C項比較容易被誤選,Services一詞不恰當(dāng),概括太寬泛,偏離了文章主旨。Passage 2本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了近年來曾經(jīng)致命且?guī)缀跸Я说穆檎罹硗林貋怼Ｔ蚴巧贁?shù)人拒絕注射疫苗,從而導(dǎo)致了自己及其他人的健康受損。作者呼吁人人都應(yīng)該注射麻疹疫苗?！鹃L難句解讀】Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children enter

46、ing kindergarten.分析:這是一個主從復(fù)合句,句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為state laws;what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作主語;現(xiàn)在分詞短語entering kindergarten作后置定語。譯文:把事情弄得更糟的是各州法律,它們很容易讓本應(yīng)該被要求接種疫苗的上幼兒園的所有兒童不參加疫苗接種。63.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)前兩段的內(nèi)容,尤其是第二段中的The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.可知,少量的麻疹病例卻能引起危險的趨勢。64.C考查細節(jié)

47、理解。根據(jù)第三段中的But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知,只有在大家都參加疫苗接種的情況下群體免疫力才有作用。A項顛倒是非,由第六段的Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加).可知A項錯誤;B項文章未提及;根據(jù)第七段Now, several.But no one does enough to limit exemptions.可知D項錯誤。65.D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,尤其是第一段和第

48、六段中的Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.可知,麻疹卷土重來的主要原因是有些人不參加疫苗接種。66.C考查寫作意圖。根據(jù)最后一段中的Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks并結(jié)合文中所述的麻疹卷土重來的事實可知,作者的目的是強調(diào)接種麻疹疫苗的重要性。Passage 3這是一篇研究報告。文章指出在夜間取自奶牛的牛奶night milk 含有大量的褪黑激素,能幫助人們?nèi)胨?減少焦慮。32.B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the