高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解與練習(xí)

1、高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句詳解I .概念：(1)定語(yǔ)從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語(yǔ)的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2)先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。(3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2)必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份(可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ))常用的關(guān)系代詞：that 、which 、who、whom、as ,在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)， whose定語(yǔ))常用的關(guān)系副詞(在從句中只作狀語(yǔ))：when 、why、whereThe student

2、who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.定語(yǔ)從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能(做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ))第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。n.幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that:可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中彳主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或whom ；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于w

3、hich)(一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ))如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like.3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be befo

4、re. which: 指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory in which his father works is far from here. who, whom, whose:who:主格，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ)；只可指人whom:賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；只可指人whose: 屬格

5、，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物。1. I like the students who/that work hard.2. All who heard the story were amazed. （ 代詞如 he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用 who.）3. He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man （whom/who/that） we should learn from.4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.5

6、. I'd like a room whose window faces south. =I'd like a room of which the window faces south.=I'd like a room the window of which faces south.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)： （介詞 + whom / which ）關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。）1. This is the book for which you asked. =

7、This is the book （that/which） you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands ？= Do you know the person （whom/who/that） I shook hands with?3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?5. This is the girl who

8、m they are looking after. （ 介詞 after 與 look 構(gòu)成固定詞組，不可前置。 look at, look for, look after,take care of 等 ） as 的用法 :（as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 , 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)）如為限制性的， 多用于 the same as ; the same as； such as ；as many/much as； so as 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： 1. I have the same book as you （have）. 我有一本和你的一樣的書(shū)。2. .-Why didn't you menti

9、on that in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.3. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.比較： I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較： Here is so big a stone as n

10、o one can lift. （定語(yǔ)從句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it. （結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，這種定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為正如，這一點(diǎn)。 （動(dòng)詞常為 know, see, expect, point out, etc. ）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作賓語(yǔ) ）=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .（ as

11、作主語(yǔ)）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know .（ as 作賓語(yǔ)）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. （賓語(yǔ) , 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子）m.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句： When 指時(shí)間， 在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 其先行詞

12、是表時(shí)間的名詞 （如： time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意： 先行詞為時(shí)間名詞， 可用 when 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， when 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)； 還可以用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)， which 或 that 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。比較 :1. I still remember the day when /on which my

13、brother joined the army. （作狀語(yǔ)）2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作賓語(yǔ)）3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou V was launched, which has a great effect on my life. Where 指地點(diǎn)， 在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞， 如： place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was b

14、orn.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句可用 where 引導(dǎo)，還可用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)， which/that 在 從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。比較 : 1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作狀語(yǔ)）2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3. He's got himsel

15、f into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作賓語(yǔ)） Why 指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為 reason 時(shí)，可用 for which 指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)。如：1. The reason why / for which / （that） he didn't attend the meeting

16、was that he was ill.2. I don't believe the reason （that/which） he gave me. （作賓語(yǔ)）3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主語(yǔ)）當(dāng)先行詞為 way 時(shí)， the way 在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用 that, in which,或 how引導(dǎo)， that ?？梢允÷浴?the way 在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用 which 或 that 引導(dǎo)。如 : This is the way （that） /in which

17、 I do such things.比較 : Please do the experiment in the way （ that/which ） I have shown you.IV .限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1. 形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。2. 語(yǔ)法上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用 that.3. 語(yǔ)義上，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書(shū)。B

18、eijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中國(guó)八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4. 翻譯時(shí)， 限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為一句 （較短的一般譯為的字結(jié)構(gòu)） ；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為兩句。 （見(jiàn)上句翻譯）比較 : He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞， 指人時(shí)用 who, whom

19、, whose , 指物時(shí)用 which , whose;關(guān)系副詞 when ， where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.V.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較： that & which:在定語(yǔ)從句中， which 和 that 在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，

20、這里介紹 宜用 that, 而不宜用 which 的情況 .先行詞為不定代詞 ,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等 ,1 .We should do all that is useful to the people .2 .There's nothing that can be said about it .3 .Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, ver

21、y, one of 等詞修飾時(shí)。1 .The only thing that we could do was to wait.2 .That's the very word that is wrongly used.3 . The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.*This is the only one of the best novels that was published las

22、t year.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。1 .When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2 .This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。1 .This is the best that can be done now.2 .The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him f

23、rom going on.先行詞既有人又有物，用 which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.如：1 .The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2 .The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can

24、 see the two that are still alive .如果有兩個(gè)從句， 其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用 which , 另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用 that ， 以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào) 或重復(fù)。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑問(wèn)詞是who或which ,關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免重復(fù)。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是 Ther

25、e be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語(yǔ)從句宜用 that 作關(guān)系代詞. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語(yǔ)時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.2. That's a good book that will help you a lot.3. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定語(yǔ)從句中宜用 which 而不宜用 that 的情況 :當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.A zoo

26、is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中 .1 .Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2 .More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country.(which 指代主句

27、)在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用which .1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí).1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行詞本身是that, 宜用 which .What's that which she is looking

28、 at?先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B) who & that:who 和 that 指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用 who, 而不宜用 that先行詞為 anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 時(shí). 如：1 .The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2 .Anyone who (=Whoeve

29、r) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3 .Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.在 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who 指代人 . 如：1 .There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2 .There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use

30、 of attributive clauses.當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí). 如：1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. as & which:as & which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：位置的不同：which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只置于所限制的句子后； as位置較靈活，也就是說(shuō)as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.2

31、. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest man , as you know.或 As you know, Jack is an honest man.先行詞的不同：as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.2. He was proud, which I dislike very m

32、uch. (先行詞是一個(gè)句子)3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.as 一般譯為正如就像，這一點(diǎn)as we all know ； as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.一、單項(xiàng)選擇1 .The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2 .

33、Do you know the man ?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3 .This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4 .Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. thatC. whenD. on which5 .

34、That is the day I'll never forget.A. which B. on whichC. in which D. when6 .The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to whichC. whichD. in which8 .This is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. th

35、at you talked9 .Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10 .The pen he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on which D. by which11 .They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C

36、. which D. that12 .The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. whichD. whose15.I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. which B. whoC. whatD. as16 .He

37、isn't such a man he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as17 .He is good at English, we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what20 .He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21 .The letter is from my sister, is working in Beijing.A. whichB. t

38、hatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of are women.A. themB. whichC. whom D. who24.I lost a book, I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that27.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day wespent together.

39、A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 30.This machine, for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31 .The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; that B. that; wh

40、y C. for that; that D. for which; what32 .He is working hard, will make him pass the final exam.A. that B. whichC. for which D. who33 .That is not the way I do it.A./ B. which C. for which D. with which34 .I have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of thatD. bot

41、h of which39 . You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose40 . Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. itD. though43 . The number of the people who cars increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are45. Is oxygen the only gas helps f

42、ire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. itEX1 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. I will never forget the day I first went to school.I will never forget the day we spent in Beijing.2. The house we visited is being repaired now.The house Luxun once lived is being repaired now.Ex3 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空，注意非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和單句的比較。1.I am reading Harry Po

43、rter, is an interesting book.2 .He failed in the exam.made his parents angry.3 .He failed in the exam, made his parents angry.4 .He has two sons. Both of are teachers.5 .He has two sons, both of are teachers.Ex6: 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞的使用1. Do you like the book2. Do you like the book3. Do you like the book4. Do y

44、ou like the book5. He dug a hole lake.she spent $10?she paid $10?she learned a lot?she often talks?he could got water from the請(qǐng)分析一下定語(yǔ)從句： （ 請(qǐng)劃出定語(yǔ)從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞 ）1. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.3. You couldn't understand people who talked fast.4. I have some ideas that may help you.5. They said something you didn't