《中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)》時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)練習(xí)、討論、交流、合作、探究1、the film _(begin) when i got to the cinema.2. the girl told me that she wanted to be an english teacher when she _(grow) up.3. my sister is a student and she _(study) at a middle school.4. mr. green _(travel) to several places in south china since he came here.5. you _(catch)

2、 the nearly bus if you get up early.6. _ you been _ (wear) glasses all the time.7. ill go home as soon as i _(finish) my homework.8. most science books are _(write) in english.9. i _(stay) there for two months last year.1.句子的時(shí)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.句子的語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般將來時(shí)的

3、被動(dòng)語態(tài)常見6種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法 一一般般現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在時(shí)時(shí)用法用法(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作(2)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征或真理表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征或真理(3)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)構(gòu)成構(gòu)成(1)主語動(dòng)詞原形主語動(dòng)詞原形(2)主語主語(第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù))動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù))(3)主語主語am/is/are其他其他常用常用時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語often, usually，sometimes, everyday(week/month/year)，once a week等等 例句例句he

4、 goes to school every day. 他每天都去學(xué)校。他每天都去學(xué)校。the earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。if she is free，she will come to see me tomorrow.如果她明天有如果她明天有空就會(huì)來看我空就會(huì)來看我 。專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一一般般過過去去時(shí)時(shí) 用法用法(1)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的事表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的事(2)表示過去存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示過去存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成(1)主語動(dòng)詞過去式主語動(dòng)詞過去式(2)主語主語was/were其他其他 常用常用時(shí)

5、間時(shí)間狀語狀語yesterday，last year (week/night/month), three years ago, in 2015, just now 例句例句he worked in a factory in 2015.他他2015年在一家工廠工作。年在一家工廠工作。 專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一一般般將將來來時(shí)時(shí) 用法用法(1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(2)表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事(3)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成(1)主語主語will/shall動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(2)主語主語be going to動(dòng)

6、詞原形動(dòng)詞原形(3)go, come, start, move, leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來注意注意 there be句型的一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為句型的一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為there will be/there is/are going to be 常用常用時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語tomorrow, next week (year/month), in時(shí)間段，時(shí)間段，in 2020等等 例句例句we will have a party tomorrow. 明天我們將有個(gè)聚會(huì)。明天我們將有個(gè)聚會(huì)。im leaving for beijing. 我將要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本?。我將要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本?。there

7、 will be a meeting tomorrow.明天將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。明天將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。 專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在進(jìn)進(jìn)行行時(shí)時(shí) 用法用法表示說話此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示說話此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成主語主語am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 常用常用時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語now, look, listen, these days, at the moment等等 例句例句look! they are playing football. 看，他們正在踢足球?？?，他們正在踢足球。im doing my homework now. 現(xiàn)在我正在做我的家庭作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在我正在做我的家庭作業(yè)。

8、 專題九 詞的時(shí)態(tài)過過去去進(jìn)進(jìn)行行時(shí)時(shí) 用法用法表示過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表示過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成主語主語was/were現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 常用常用時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語at that moment, at this time yesterday, atoclock, yesterday evening等等 例句例句i was watching tv at 8：00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八點(diǎn)我正在看電視。昨天晚上八點(diǎn)我正在看電視。he was reading a novel when i came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，他正在看小說

9、。當(dāng)我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，他正在看小說。 專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在完完成成時(shí)時(shí) 用法用法(1) 表示動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響表示動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響(2)表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成主語主語have/has過去分詞過去分詞 常用常用時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語狀語just, ever, yet, already, so far, in the past 5 years, for和和since引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語的時(shí)間狀語 例句例句he has been to beijing. 他去過北京。他去過北京。he has studied english for

10、 5 years. 他學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)五年了。他學(xué)習(xí)英語已經(jīng)五年了。i have already finished my homework.我已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。我已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。they have been married for 30 years.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚三十年了。他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚三十年了。 注意 短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段連用時(shí)或用于how long提問的問句中時(shí)，要轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常見的短暫性動(dòng)詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換如下：arrivebe here begin(start)be ondie be dead leave be away (from) go outbe out finish be ov

11、erget upbe up put on wear 或be on open be open join be in或 be a member of close be closed borrow keep buy/gethave catch(a cold) have(a cold) finish/end be over marry be married fall ill(sick, asleep)be ill(sick, asleep) 專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1. i often _ books in the evening.areads b. read creading2. i _ know you

12、 can play the piano so well.thank you.a. didnt b. dont c. cant3. alice, please turn down the music, i _ an important phone now.a. answer b. answered c. have answered d. am answering 4. my sister _ english since she was 9 years old. she can talk to foreigners freely.a. learns b. learnt c. has learnt

13、d. have learnt 典例訓(xùn)練badc專題九 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)5. my mother _ dinner when i got home yesterday. a. has cooked b. was cooking c. will cook d. cooks 6. did you call jenny?oh no, i forgot. i _ her right away.a. called b. have called c. call d. will call7.the movie _ for about 5 minutes, so lets see the next one. a. h

14、as been on b. has started c. started d. began8. last week vivian _ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary.a. buy b. bought c. will buy d. would buybdab 考點(diǎn)一 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的應(yīng)用 語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（某人做某事）；當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（某事被某人做）。一、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，助動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化?？?/p>

15、點(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊形式 1. 主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動(dòng)詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。例如：we saw an alien get out of the ufo. an alien was seen to get out of the ufo. 【溫馨提示】后接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)部分不變。對(duì)比：we heard jim playing the guitar in his room. jim was heard playing the guitar in his

16、room. 2. 謂語動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞后接雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）時(shí)，（1）把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。例如：）把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變。例如：he gave me a new book. 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語i was given a new book by him. (2)把直接賓語變主語，間接賓語不變。例如：把直接賓語變主語，間接賓語不變。例如：he gave me a new book. 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語a new book was given to me by him. 3. 句中謂語是動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，變?yōu)?/p>

17、被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意其句中謂語是動(dòng)詞短語時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意其完整性。完整性。jack turned on the tv just now. the tv was turned on by jack just now. 4. 帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只須把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只須把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語仍保留在原處，作主語補(bǔ)足語。例語態(tài)的主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語仍保留在原處，作主語補(bǔ)足語。例如：如：our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. we were told to clean the

18、 classroom at once by our teacher. 5. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)(1) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：含義。例如：the dishes smell so delicious. 菜聞起來真香。菜聞起來真香。your idea sounds better. 你的主意聽起來更好。你的主意聽起來更好。(2)有些動(dòng)詞，如有些動(dòng)詞，如sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等，等，作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。

19、例如：作為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。例如：books of harry potter sell well. 哈利哈利波特波特系列的書很暢銷。系列的書很暢銷。my pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。我的鋼筆寫起字來很流暢。 (3) sth. need/ want/ require doing相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))。例如：。例如：your room needs cleaning. = your room needs to be cleaned. 你你的房間

20、需要打掃了。的房間需要打掃了。(4) be worth doing(值得做值得做) 中的中的doing表示被動(dòng)含義。表示被動(dòng)含義。the movie is worth watching by everyone. 這部電影值得所有人看一看。這部電影值得所有人看一看。6. 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況(1)系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或某些動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例如：例如：come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等；等；(2)主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或doing時(shí)不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主

21、語；時(shí)不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語；(3)反身代詞或反身代詞或each other不能作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。不能作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。7. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 “be + p. p. ”表示動(dòng)作時(shí)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；表示動(dòng)作時(shí)是被動(dòng)語態(tài)；“be + p. p. ”表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。表示主語所處的狀態(tài)時(shí)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)含有含有“by + 賓語賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，此時(shí)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：例如：the window is broken. 窗戶壞了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）窗戶壞了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the window is broken by me.

22、窗戶是我打破的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）窗戶是我打破的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）(2)句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：句中有地點(diǎn)、頻率或時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，一般是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：the door was closed. 門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）the door was closed at 9: 00. 九點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)的門。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）九點(diǎn)鐘關(guān)的門。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常用介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中沒有介詞搭配。例如：系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常用介詞搭配，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中沒有介詞搭配。例如：were worried about the boy. 我們擔(dān)心那個(gè)男孩。我們擔(dān)心那個(gè)男孩。(4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞可

23、以被副詞修飾。例如：系表結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞可以被副詞修飾。例如： im really surprised at the news. 我對(duì)這個(gè)消息真的感到很驚訝。我對(duì)這個(gè)消息真的感到很驚訝。(5)系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)可系表結(jié)構(gòu)通常只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇1. a football match between class two and class three _ tomorrow afternoon. a. is held b. was heldc. must be held d. will be held【解

24、析解析】選選d。由時(shí)間狀語。由時(shí)間狀語tomorrow afternoon可知時(shí)態(tài)為一可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)，再由主語般將來時(shí)，再由主語a football match與與hold之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選d。2. （2012六盤水中考）六盤水中考）look at that sign. smoking _ here. a. isnt allowed b. doesnt allowc. arent allowed d. dont allow【解析解析】選選a。句意：看那個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)。這兒不準(zhǔn)吸煙。句意：看那個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)。這兒不準(zhǔn)吸煙。smoking與與allow之

25、間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，smoking是動(dòng)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)是動(dòng)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選詞用單數(shù)，故選a。2. look at that sign. smoking _ here. a. isnt allowed b. doesnt allowc. arent allowed d. dont allow【解析解析】選選a。句意：看那個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)。這兒不準(zhǔn)吸煙。句意：看那個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)。這兒不準(zhǔn)吸煙。smoking與與allow之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，smoking是動(dòng)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)是動(dòng)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選詞用單數(shù)，故選a。2. look at that

26、sign. smoking _ here. a. isnt allowed b. doesnt allowc. arent allowed d. dont allow【解析解析】選選a。句意：看那個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)。這兒不準(zhǔn)吸煙。句意：看那個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)。這兒不準(zhǔn)吸煙。smoking與與allow之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，smoking是動(dòng)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)是動(dòng)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選詞用單數(shù)，故選a。3. im glad to find that many trees _ in our city last year. a. plant b. plantedc. were planted d

27、. are planted【解析解析】選選c。 many trees與與plant之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，再由時(shí)間狀語動(dòng)語態(tài)，再由時(shí)間狀語last year“去年去年”可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故選故選c。4. lets play computer games this evening. it _ good. a. sounds b. feels c. tastes d. smells【解析解析】選選a。考查?？疾閒eel、look、sound、smell、taste等系動(dòng)詞等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。句意：的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。句意：讓

28、我們今天晚上玩電腦讓我們今天晚上玩電腦游戲吧！游戲吧！聽起來好極了。故選聽起來好極了。故選a。4. lets play computer games this evening. it _ good. a. sounds b. feels c. tastes d. smells【解析解析】選選a?？疾?。考查feel、look、sound、smell、taste等系動(dòng)詞等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。句意：的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。句意：讓我們今天晚上玩電腦讓我們今天晚上玩電腦游戲吧！游戲吧！聽起來好極了。故選聽起來好極了。故選a。5. there was a big earthquake in j

29、apan, but luckily many people _. a. save b. savedc. are saved d. were saved【解析解析】選選d。由主語和謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知語態(tài)為被動(dòng)。由主語和謂語動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知語態(tài)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，再由語態(tài)，再由“there was. . . ”可知是過去時(shí)，因此用一般過去可知是過去時(shí)，因此用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選d。6. were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in guiyang this september. a. will hold b.

30、will be heldc. will be hold【解析解析】選選b。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為“will be + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的過去分詞”。故選。故選b。7. in many places in china, the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government. a. is taking good careb. are taken good care ofc. is taking good care ofd. are taken good care【解析解析】選選b。句意：在中國的許多地方，超過。句意：在中國的許多地方，超過90歲的老人不歲的老人不僅被他們的家人好好照顧著，而且也被政府照顧著。僅被他們的家人好好照顧著，而且也被政府照顧