畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯-醫(yī)院建筑給水排水

1、建筑給排水畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯系別：專業(yè)：給排水工程班級(jí)：學(xué)號(hào)：外文出處 wan fang foreign languages （用外文寫）literature datebase附 件：1、夕卜文原文；2、夕卜文資料翻譯譯文。指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)：簽字：年月日注：請(qǐng)將該封面與附件裝訂成冊(cè)。1、外文原文（復(fù)印件）supplying and draining water in hospitai constructionwith the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique , the new armament

2、arium are continuing without end , modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital, are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying. disregarding secondary hospital building function , what whose gets along environment, still, finclause the ho

3、spital builds equipment and is equipped with system, the request is without exception higher and highe匚 because of it is to ensure daily work living not only need the rapid and intense life relevance recovering from the illness , avoiding crippling , rescuing, and promote with giving treatment to a

4、patient. not only the design accomplishing to the special field draining away water need to satisfy the request being unlike a function in hospital building on equipment, but also safety is be obliged to reliable. following is built according to the hospital.一 hospital gives a sewerage1) modernized

5、hospital equipment and equipment system content is numerous , the function is peculiar , the request is very high. except demanding to swear to continue supplying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently, need more according to demand of different medical treatment instrument and

6、 different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality , water pressure , the water temperature, classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increase pressure reduction.2) the hospital operating rooms , the delivery room operation the water hygiene, saliva wash

7、ing hands by shower bath water , the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassing. in the homeland few are large-scale , the high rank hospital centre supplies a room, the centre disinfecting has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting, now that swear to there be no d

8、ust, the sterility , to remove the pathopoiesia source，to avoid the blockage infecting , cutting down equipment microtubule.3) hospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water, and sets up in making distilled water system to have part pressure boost facilities. the handicra

9、ft responds to according to different hospital preparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to water quality , water yield , water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserves corresponding to drain-pipe an

10、d allocation chilled water circulatory system by the special field draining away water.4) hospital operating rooms , delivery rooms , baby rooms , supply rooms , medical treatment of the dermatological department wards, door emergency call, cures skill every administrative or tehcnical office and th

11、e request difference that the staff and worker logistics branch supplies to hot water need to set up hot water respectively supplying system more. ordinary circumstances door emergency call, cures skill administrative or tehcnical office , centre supply a room , the staff and worker logistics branch

12、 supplies hot water to water supply the regular time, the comparison supplying time is consistent. the hospital is based on major part at present financial resources, ward building hot water supplies basic to the regular time , ought to be that 24 hs supply hot water judging from long-term angle but

13、. operating room , the delivery room operation wash hands, the hygiene h by the fact that the shower bath ought to be 24 supplies hot water, moreover the block of wood5) considers beautification to the environment，is inadvisable to adopt the steam boiled water stove、completely eradicates occurrence

14、aroused the ward building pantry inner floor moistness , avoided interior wall mustiness phenomenon by leak or sparse steam water implement aerofluxus thereby. the hospital disregards size , boiled water supplies to should adopt automation volume or the electricity boiled water stove, a general dise

15、ase area considers one , volume ascertains that according to using condition. the first easy to protect labor is managed, two is supplying ensuring that to the patient, improves the internal environment of ward at the same time.6) especially infecting the section ward every door emergency call admin

16、istrative or tehcnical office, every consulting room , the hand movement water curing a room , washing a basin should set up mistake chew , may adopt elbow style , knee style or dyadic switch of pedal. if using the dyadic switch of pedal to must use the product guarding against leakage, the floor is

17、 to avoid using a place often damp , makes the patient, the medical personnel slip down , an accident happened. operation waits for the operating room , the delivery room to wash hands should adopt the constant temperature muddy water valve , the constant temperature to produce water, taking as an e

18、xample infrared ray induced electromagnetic valve control mode for fine. cure skill part control laboratory , laboratory of administrative or tehcnical office have the peculiar request, water chews the form should ascertain whose water according to every administrative or tehcnical office coming fun

19、ctional request chewing.7) many administrative or tehcnical office, especially downstream pipelines such as pickling bath , the pool disinfecting , develop pool in administrative or tehcnical office such as checking the room , the control laboratory , emitting section responds to of hospitals are ad

20、opt to be able to bear the rotten pvc2u draining off silent stock tube.8) pair of filth，waste water of all kinds must classify strictly according to the country in connection with the effluent standard , the field carrying out a pertinency with different treatment handicraft deals with and handles.9

21、) uses a function to need since the modern hospital needs to be satisfied with not only , wants to think that the interior outside environment is beautiful too at the same time. the building needs especially door emergency call, cures skill sometimes because of medical treatment function , give the

22、horizontal stroke draining away water , erect a tube arrange to lie scattered comparatively, more bright dew is in interior, warm the pipeline exchanging special field up in addition sometimes，make the pipeline that the room inner clearly shows more than the coitect or required number , both inelega

23、nt, and affect hygiene. this demands right away in the process of engineering design，the rational arrangement the structure form should fully utilize not being the same as is carried out, needs to make the various pipeline conceal arrangement to the full according to the function , pays attention to

24、 beautiful befitting one's position or suited to the occasion under not affecting the premise being put into use. certainly, these require that building structure special field is dense. tier of furred ceilings and the basement top sometimes are every special field pipeline aggregation field , e

25、very special field norm and request having every special field , each sometimes arranges if the building designs middle in the ward,whose result either increase building storey height, or cannot attend to one thing without neglecting another. for overcoming this one abuse, should think in general th

26、at bigger flue pipe arrangement be in the most supeijacent, its on the down part is that several special field arrangement props up the public space being in charge of、down part is to arrange to give draining off, driving force，strong , weak electricity every system to do a tube again. such is arran

27、ged than form arrangement is other comparatively economical, pragmatic.10) exchangers forms choice. in the system the tradition hospital hot water is supplied, people adopt volume mainly dyadic exchange匚 have been to think that what be provided steam amounts and hot water supplies the adjustment amo

28、unts dispatching value between maximum value mainly , have diminished a steam boiler designing amounts , have decreased by boiler room zhan field area , have saved one time investment. people demands but more highly, and more highly, especially the example discovering army group bacterium pathopoies

29、ia in life hot water to water quality now , the altitude arousing people takes seriously. be a bacterium mainly because of in the water 55 c is the easiest to breed an army group in 30 c ，who (who) is recommended by for this purpose: nhot water responds to in 60 c use and cycle at least above 50 c.

30、come if some users, need to fall to 40 c or 50 c or so with the faucet water temperature, to come true being able to use a thermoregulation to blend a valve at this time. the growth being a temperature bu li yu pneumonia diplococcus swear to store water, is a regulating valve's turn to should se

31、t up the place closing down and suspending operation of point in drawing nearn. this be especially important to the hospital. because of being in hospital the weak having diseasejf bacterium of army group happened within the hospital is to be harmful for patient to treat and recover from the illness

32、,the hospital has a grave responsibility. at present small hospital within the hospital especially a little condition is relatively poor , include the part area level hospital, 24 unable hs supply hot water, and volume the dyadic converter inner water temperature is to use echelon in inside of excha

33、nger, the water temperature very difficult to make keeps in 60 c or so. thereby, lead to volume produce the bacterium of army group in the pipeline supplying hot water system within dyadic exchanger , change a hospital using the exchanger form to respond to be a task of top priority. adopt half to b

34、e to heat up style or be a dyadic hot exchanger , make whose hot water supply the system water temperature keeping the water supply being in progress in all above 60 c area all the time, occurrence propagating , completely eradicating the bacterium of army group in order to avoiding the bacterium of

35、 army group.二 multilayer water supply systemat present, great majority cities municipal administration pipe network pressure can maintain above 2 kilograms in the homeland , take place individual small town water pressure can reach 4 kilograms even. the pressure therefore, building the municipal adm

36、inistration pipe networks to the same multilayer has been already sufficient、has been in a small town especially since but municipal administration pipe network water yield supplying water , water pressure fluctuation are bigger. have several kinds the following types mainly for overcome these short

37、comings , multilayer water supply system design.1) direct water supply type is that pressure , direct water supply , sort making use of municipal administration pipe network directly apply to slightly high area of municipal administration pipe network pressure or higher range of water works vicinity

38、 pressure inner. the shortcoming it is water yield , water pressure to be able to not ensure that. this water supply scheme economy function is very good but, to less pipe network of scale , does not need any other equipment or measure.2) water box water supply types have led municipal administratio

39、n pipe network water to roof water box , discrepancy in elevation , gravity depending on a water box and using the water appliance have supplied water , have overcome water pressure water yield block of wood stability and then. since but, secondary pollution, moreover, water box volume that the wate

40、r box there exists in possibility is bigger,this way does not encourage therefore.3) water boxes , pipe networks ally self with a type when the ordinary time water yield water pressure is sufficient, unnecessary water enters the roof water box when covering water supply , overpressure as with a net

41、directly from municipal administration, think that the water box supplies water to the consumer by gravity automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient. the main force who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure stretches the top cut-over water box , sets up and

42、 one exhalent siphon from the water box. owe a scheme the volume having diminished a water box, and make water not need to enter a water box staying this one step , hygiene reliability increase by. the problem is (that the municipal administration now pipe network can accomplish) but if longtime sta

43、bilivolt supplies water , the water sojourn time in water box is on the contrary greatly increase by , easier to be contaminated. and, the water box all must readjust oneself to a certain extent in the building in all usage water boxes system most higher place, attractive looks being able to affect

44、a building in some occasion , the physical design building even.4) pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor , reason why use the jar sealing off reliable pressure to replace, and the pressure jar does not need, high position lay down, attractive looks and structure not affecting a

45、building bearing , go down well very much over the past few years. pressure jar system requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but, feasible cost increases by to some extent. however, in the late years whose market price already lets many consumers be able to choose.systemati

46、c pressure jar principle is to make use of a water pump water compression to be sent to receive the pipe network building the inside , thinks that water enters the pressure jar，reaches certain pressure time , water pump motor stoppage or reduces the speed when pressure is too big,while pressure is s

47、maller than regulation value, the pressure jar conveys water to the outside and starts the water pump or acceleration at the same time (frequency conversion water pump).5) two time of compression types can make do for to small-scale consumer ,if the building , the pressure jar are only systematic. t

48、he direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but, shows for the cluster arrangement that multilayer builds，concentrates stabilivolt mainly. the ability can not satisfy a request with pressure jar volume , the water pump concentrates compression therefore having a

49、ppeared give first place to, pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the system water hammer) is subsidiary way. economy cost rises only , also needs the specially-assigned person upkeep. besides, pipe network system belongs to low pressure since tier of numbers are not many, pipeline, the direct cut-over

50、without exception with layers consumer is be ok , comparatively simple. the steel tube prepares pipeline material with low pressure low pressure ppr silent stock tube give first place to.2、外文資料翻譯譯文醫(yī)院建筑給水排水隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展，新技術(shù)、新醫(yī)療設(shè)備層出不窮，從而與之相符的現(xiàn)代化醫(yī) 療建筑醫(yī)院,也面臨著新的設(shè)計(jì)理念和新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用。無(wú)論從醫(yī)院建筑物功能、其所處的環(huán)境，還是醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)

51、，要求均愈來(lái)愈高。因?yàn)樗粌H是保障口常工作生活 的需要，而且與救治病人、促進(jìn)康復(fù)、避免致殘、挽救牛命緊密相關(guān)。作為給排水專業(yè)的設(shè) 計(jì)不僅需耍滿足醫(yī)院建筑中設(shè)備上不同功能的耍求，而且必須安全可靠。下面根據(jù)醫(yī)院建筑 中有關(guān)給水、排水各系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，從社會(huì)不斷發(fā)展和超前的理念方面談幾點(diǎn)體會(huì)一醫(yī)院給排水系統(tǒng)1）現(xiàn)代化i矢院的設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)內(nèi)容繁多，功能特殊，要求很高。除了要求保證持續(xù)供 給充分符合質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的用水外，更需要根據(jù)不同的醫(yī)療儀器以及不同科室對(duì)水質(zhì)、水壓、水 溫的要求,分門別類設(shè)置水處理系統(tǒng)和對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行增減壓。2）醫(yī)院的手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房的手術(shù)洗手水、衛(wèi)牛通過(guò)淋浴水、牙科的牙科椅的口水宜采用 凈化消毒水

52、。國(guó)內(nèi)一些大型的、級(jí)別高的醫(yī)院中心供應(yīng)室，消毒中心也采用了凈化消毒水，既 保證無(wú)塵、無(wú)菌，消除致病源，避免感染，又減少設(shè)備微細(xì)管道的阻塞。3）醫(yī)院制劑室的制劑用水采用蒸憾水，并在制蒸謂水系統(tǒng)中設(shè)有局部增壓設(shè)施。具體制 蒸憾水工藝應(yīng)根據(jù)不同醫(yī)院制劑工藝而定，給排水專業(yè)應(yīng)密切配合制劑工藝預(yù)留給排水管和 配置相應(yīng)的冷卻水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，滿足其工藝對(duì)水質(zhì)、水量、水壓的要求。4）醫(yī)院手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房、嬰兒室、供應(yīng)室、皮膚科的醫(yī)療病房，門急診、醫(yī)技各科室和職 工后勤部門對(duì)熱水供應(yīng)的要求差界較大，需要分別設(shè)置熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。一般情況門急診、醫(yī) 技科室、屮心供應(yīng)室、職工后勤部門供應(yīng)熱水為定時(shí)供水，供應(yīng)時(shí)間比較一致。大部分

53、醫(yī)院 根據(jù)目前的財(cái)力，病房樓的熱水供應(yīng)基本為定時(shí)，而從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度來(lái)看，應(yīng)該是24 h供應(yīng)熱水。 手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房的手術(shù)洗手，衛(wèi)生通過(guò)的淋浴器應(yīng)該為24 h供應(yīng)熱水,而且不能有任何間斷，熱 水供應(yīng)安全可靠，水溫基本控制在人的正常體溫37 °c左右，故一般熱水供應(yīng)宜單獨(dú)成為一個(gè) 系統(tǒng)，以確保供應(yīng)熱水系統(tǒng)萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。5）考慮到環(huán)境的美化，不宜采用蒸汽開(kāi)水爐,從而杜絕蒸汽泄漏或疏水器排氣所引起病 房樓的備餐間內(nèi)地面的潮濕，避免內(nèi)墻發(fā)霉現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。醫(yī)院不管大小，開(kāi)水供應(yīng)都應(yīng)采用自 動(dòng)容積或屯開(kāi)水爐，一般一個(gè)病區(qū)考慮一臺(tái)，容積根據(jù)使用情況確定。一是便于護(hù)工管理;二是 保證對(duì)病員的供應(yīng),同時(shí)改善病房?jī)?nèi)部的

54、環(huán)境。6）各門急診科室，尤其是傳染科病房各診室、治療室、洗滌盆應(yīng)設(shè)非手動(dòng)水咀，可采用肘 式、膝式或腳踏式開(kāi)關(guān)。如使用腳踏式開(kāi)關(guān)一定要使用防滲漏的產(chǎn)品,以免使用處地面經(jīng)常 潮濕，使病員、醫(yī)務(wù)人員滑倒，發(fā)生事故。手術(shù)室、產(chǎn)房手術(shù)等洗手應(yīng)采用恒溫混水閥，恒溫出 水，以紅外線感應(yīng)電磁閥控制方式為好。i矢技科室的部分化驗(yàn)室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室有特殊要求,水咀應(yīng) 根據(jù)各科室功能的要求來(lái)確定其水咀的形式。7）醫(yī)院的許多科室，尤其是檢驗(yàn)室、化驗(yàn)室、放射科等科室中的酸洗池、消毒池、洗片 池等下水管道應(yīng)采用耐腐的pvc2u排水塑料管。8）對(duì)各類污、廢水必須嚴(yán)格按國(guó)家有關(guān)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分門別類,用不同的處理工藝進(jìn)行針對(duì) 性地處置和處

55、理。9）由于現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院不僅要滿足使用功能需要，同時(shí)還要考慮室內(nèi)外環(huán)境美觀。尤其是門急 診、醫(yī)技樓往往由于醫(yī)療功能需要，給排水橫、立管布置較為散亂，較多的明露在室內(nèi)，有時(shí)加 之暖通專業(yè)的管道，使房間內(nèi)明露的管道過(guò)多，既不雅觀,又影響衛(wèi)生。這就要求在工程設(shè)計(jì)過(guò) 程中,應(yīng)充分利用不同的結(jié)構(gòu)形式進(jìn)行合理布置，根據(jù)功能需要盡量使各種管道隱蔽布置，在 不影響使用的前提下，注意美觀得體。當(dāng)然,這些需要建筑結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)密切配合和結(jié)構(gòu)形式的合 理。另外，隨著醫(yī)院建筑屮設(shè)備及裝備系統(tǒng)增多，管道的數(shù)量大大增加,合理、綜合布置各系統(tǒng) 在平面吊頂內(nèi)的管道則能降低建筑層高，減少投資。如在病房樓設(shè)計(jì)中,往往首層吊頂和地下 室頂部

56、為各專業(yè)管道的集合地，各專業(yè)有各專業(yè)的規(guī)范和要求，往往各自布置,其結(jié)果要么增 加建筑層高，要么顧此失彼。為了克服這一弊端,一般應(yīng)考慮將較大的風(fēng)管布置在最上方，其下 方為幾個(gè)專業(yè)布置支管的公用空間，再下方是布置給排水、動(dòng)力、強(qiáng)、弱電各系統(tǒng)干管。這 樣布置比其他形式布置較為經(jīng)濟(jì)、實(shí)用。10）熱交換器形式的選擇。傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)院熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)屮，人們基本上采用容積式熱交換 器。主要是考慮所提供蒸汽量與熱水供應(yīng)最大值之間差值的調(diào)節(jié)量，減小了蒸汽鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)量, 減少了鍋爐房占地面積,節(jié)約了一次性投資。然而現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)水質(zhì)要求愈來(lái)愈高，尤其是生活 熱水中發(fā)現(xiàn)軍團(tuán)菌致病的實(shí)例，引起人們的高度重視。主要是因?yàn)樵?0 &#

57、176;c55 °c水中最容 易繁殖軍團(tuán)菌，為此世界衛(wèi)牛組織（who）推薦:“熱水應(yīng)在60 °c以上儲(chǔ)存，并至少在50 °c以 上循環(huán)。如某些使用者，需要將水龍頭水溫降至40 °c或50 °c左右，這時(shí)可以使用調(diào)溫混合閥 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。為保證蓄水溫度不利于肺炎雙球菌的生長(zhǎng)，該調(diào)節(jié)閥應(yīng)設(shè)定在靠近關(guān)停點(diǎn)的地方二 這點(diǎn)對(duì)醫(yī)院尤為重要。因?yàn)樽≡旱氖怯胁〉娜跽?如在醫(yī)院內(nèi)發(fā)牛軍團(tuán)菌則不利于病員治療 與康復(fù)，醫(yī)院責(zé)任重大。目前庾院內(nèi)尤其是一些條件較差的小庾院，包括部分區(qū)級(jí)戻院，不能24 h供應(yīng)熱水，并且容積式交換器內(nèi)水溫是以梯形狀態(tài)分布,在熱交換器內(nèi)部很難使水溫

58、保持在 60 °c左右。從而導(dǎo)致容積式熱交換器內(nèi)供應(yīng)熱水系統(tǒng)管道中產(chǎn)牛軍團(tuán)菌，改變醫(yī)院使用熱交 換器形式應(yīng)是當(dāng)務(wù)之急。采用半即熱式或即熱式熱交換器，使其熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)水溫始終保持 在60 °c以上區(qū)域進(jìn)行供水，以避免軍團(tuán)菌滋生，杜絕軍團(tuán)菌的發(fā)生。二多層給水系統(tǒng)目前，國(guó)內(nèi)大多數(shù)城市的市政管網(wǎng)壓力可以維持在2公斤以上，個(gè)別小城鎮(zhèn)的出水壓力 甚至可以達(dá)到4公斤。因此，對(duì)于一般的多層建筑市政管網(wǎng)的壓力已經(jīng)足夠了，但是由于市 政管網(wǎng)的供水水量、水壓波動(dòng)較大，尤其在小城鎮(zhèn)。為了克服這些缺點(diǎn)，多層給水系統(tǒng)的設(shè) 計(jì)主要有以下兒種類型。1）直接供水型 就是直接利用市政管網(wǎng)的壓力，直接供水，一般

59、適用于市政管網(wǎng)壓力稍高的地區(qū)或水廠附近壓力較高的范圍內(nèi)。缺點(diǎn)就是水量、水壓不能保證。但是，對(duì) 于規(guī)模較小的管網(wǎng)這種供水方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性能很好，不需要任何其他設(shè)備或措施。2）水箱供水型將市政管網(wǎng)的水引至屋頂水箱，然后靠水箱與用水器具的高差，重力供 水，克服了水壓水量的不穩(wěn)定性。但是，由于水箱可能存在的二次污染，而且，水箱體積較 大，因此這種方式不提倡。3）水箱、管網(wǎng)聯(lián)合型平時(shí)水量水壓足夠時(shí)，直接由市政網(wǎng)供水，超壓時(shí)，多余水進(jìn)入 屋頂水箱，當(dāng)壓力或水量不足時(shí)，水箱靠重力自動(dòng)向用戶供水。物理結(jié)構(gòu)上就是正常的直接 供水的主干管伸頂接入水箱，并由水箱設(shè)一出水管。該方案減小了水箱的體積，并使水不需 要都進(jìn)入水箱停留這一步驟，衛(wèi)生可靠性增加。但是問(wèn)題就是如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的穩(wěn)壓供水（現(xiàn)在 的市政管網(wǎng)可以辦到的），水箱屮的水的停留