經(jīng)典：英語語法：虛擬語氣

1、2021/8/61The Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣Revision :2021/8/62形式情況形式情況 條條 件件 從從 句句 主主 句句 與過去事與過去事實(shí)相反實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反實(shí)相反 與將來與將來事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反 過去式過去式(be用用 were) would(should, could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形had+動(dòng)詞過去動(dòng)詞過去分詞分詞 would(should, could,might)+ have +動(dòng)詞過動(dòng)詞過去分詞去分詞過去式過去式/should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形/ were to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 would (should, coul

2、d, might) +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形2021/8/63（1）在動(dòng)詞）在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞從句通常省略連詞that。1 1）表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞用過去過去式或過去進(jìn)行式式或過去進(jìn)行式（be動(dòng)詞一般用動(dòng)詞一般用were）。）。2 2）表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用）表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)詞常用“had過去分詞過去分詞”或或 “would, could, might +have done” 。（2） 在主語在主

3、語would rather that 賓語從賓語從句中，句中，從句謂語用從句謂語用過去式過去式表示表示現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或?qū)韺?，用，用過去完成式過去完成式表示與表示與過去事實(shí)相反過去事實(shí)相反 。2 2、虛擬語氣在、虛擬語氣在賓語從句賓語從句中的用法中的用法 2021/8/64（3） 在表示提議、要求、命令、決定等在表示提議、要求、命令、決定等動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞如如suggest, decide, require, request, demand, propose, insist, order等）等）后的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用后的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。Should常被省略。

4、常被省略。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）,兩個(gè)命令（兩個(gè)命令（order, command）,三個(gè)建議（三個(gè)建議（ suggest, advise, propose）,四個(gè)要求四個(gè)要求（ ask,demand request, require）2021/8/65He is not a pilot, but he wishes he _ (be).I wish I _(meet)him yesterday.I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow.He ordered the work _ (start) at once.5. Id rather you _(stay) a

5、t home all day today. were had met would be( should ) be started stayedRevision :2021/8/66 例例1 、If I were you, I to the cinema with her.(96) A. went B. have been C. had been D. would go【分析分析】 通過通過if從句中謂語動(dòng)詞從句中謂語動(dòng)詞“I were”可判斷出，該句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相可判斷出，該句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。主句用反的虛擬條件句。主句用“would+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”。故選答案。故選答案D。D、

6、試題詳解、試題詳解2021/8/67例例2 The doctor proposed that my brother his right hand.(97) avoid to use B. should avoid to useC. avoid using D. avoided using【分析分析】 該題有兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)，一是該題有兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)，一是propose后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣動(dòng)后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞形式，二是詞形式，二是avoid一詞后要用動(dòng)名詞一詞后要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選作賓語。故選C。2021/8/68例例3 Had you not helped me with my Englis

7、h, I to pass the final examination. A. might fail B. might have failed C. shall fail D. would fail【分析分析】 當(dāng)當(dāng)if從句中有從句中有were, should和和had等詞時(shí)，可以省略等詞時(shí)，可以省略if， 同時(shí)把同時(shí)把were, should, had放到主語前面形式倒裝。從句放到主語前面形式倒裝。從句中的中的hadnot helped表明該句是與過去事表明該句是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此要選實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此要選B。2021/8/69虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在主語從句主語從句中的用法中的用法 It

8、 is desired （suggested requested, ordered, demanded) + that; It is strange (necessary, possible, important, surprising,natural) +that; It is a pity ( no wonder) + that 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用should +動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形，should常被省略。常被省略。例例: It is desired that we(should) get everything ready by tonight.

9、2021/8/610他那樣說話，令人吃驚。他那樣說話，令人吃驚。It is strange that he(should) say so. 真遺憾，你失去了這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。真遺憾，你失去了這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。It has been decided that the sports meet(should)be put off till next month.已經(jīng)決定了把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲至下個(gè)月。已經(jīng)決定了把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲至下個(gè)月。It is a pity that you(should) miss a good chance.2021/8/611高中學(xué)生掌握一門外語很有必要。高中學(xué)生掌握一門外語很有必要。It i

10、s necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.2021/8/612虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在表語從句和同位語從表語從句和同位語從句句的用法的用法 在在suggestion, proposal, order, idea, news, request,advice, demand, plan 等名詞后面的表語等名詞后面的表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形，should常省略。常省略。2021/8/613 例例 My suggestion is that we (shoul

11、d) do the experiment again.我的想法是在接受前仔細(xì)想想。我的想法是在接受前仔細(xì)想想。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) do the experiment again is accepted by them. 我的再做一次試驗(yàn)的建議被他們所采納。我的再做一次試驗(yàn)的建議被他們所采納。2021/8/614由由as if,as though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時(shí)和表語從句時(shí)，從句謂示比較或方式時(shí)和表語從

12、句時(shí)，從句謂語形式為語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式（動(dòng)詞的過去式（be用用were）或）或“had過去分詞過去分詞”。(和虛擬條件謂語和虛擬條件謂語動(dòng)詞形式一樣動(dòng)詞形式一樣)as if,as though在在狀語狀語從句和表語從從句和表語從句句的用法的用法2021/8/615He behaves as if he owned the house.( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)2021/8/616 eg: He treats me as if I wer

13、e a stranger. eg: She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.It seems as if it _ already summer.看起來好象到夏天了?？雌饋砗孟蟮较奶炝?。were他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過一樣。她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。2021/8/617He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他說起英語來好像他是個(gè)英國(guó)人似的。他說起英語來好像他是個(gè)英國(guó)人似的。They t

14、alked about the city as if they had been there before.他們談?wù)撃亲鞘泻孟袼麄円郧罢嫒ミ^那他們談?wù)撃亲鞘泻孟袼麄円郧罢嫒ミ^那兒似的。兒似的。注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述么方式狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。語氣。2021/8/618虛擬語氣在某些虛擬語氣在某些句型中的應(yīng)用句型中的應(yīng)用2021/8/619在在It is (high) time (that)的句型中，的句型中，定語從句的虛擬形式定語從句的虛擬形式常用過去式或常用過去式或should動(dòng)詞原形（動(dòng)詞原形（

15、should不能省略）不能省略），表示，表示“現(xiàn)在該現(xiàn)在該”1、在、在It is (high) time (that)的句型中的句型中 我們?cè)撟吡?。我們?cè)撟吡?。It is time we left/ should leave.2021/8/620【分析分析】 It is(high)time that這一句型用虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞形式用動(dòng)這一句型用虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式，表示詞的過去式，表示“提醒提醒”或或“催催促促”等意。故選等意。故選D。例例 It is time we .(98) A. start B. to start C. starting D. started2021/8/6212、

16、在、在If only 的句型中的句型中 if only表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是表示一種假設(shè)情況，意思是“要是要是就好了就好了”，相當(dāng)于主語，相當(dāng)于主語wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。要是今天是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.要是我沒有丟掉我的車就好了要是我沒有丟掉我的車就好了。If only I _my car.hadnt lost2021/8/6223. 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞由的介詞由with, without, but for等。等。What would you do with a million

17、dollars?We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. =if you had a million dollarsif we hadnt got your helpBut for rain,we would have finished the work.=If it hadnt been for the rain2021/8/6234.用在含有用在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 條件句中。條件句中。If it were not for the

18、rain, the crops would die.If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.2021/8/6245. 5. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是中并不總是出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段的條件句，而通過其他手段代替條件句。代替條件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）（

19、副詞）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（連詞）（連詞）=If I had not been ill that day If he had not telephoned to inform2021/8/625Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.A man who stopped drinking water would be dead

20、in about seven days. =If everything had been taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.=If a man stopped drinking water, he would be dead in about seven days. 定語從句定語從句:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):2021/8/626E.ExercisesExercises2021/8/6271. It is strange that he _ (make) such a mistake. T

21、hats unexpected.2. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip.3. My demand is that you _ (get )up at six.4. Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem.5.Without air, there _ (be) no living things. should make bring (should) get werewould be2021/8/6281. Our teacher i

22、nsisted that we _ in class. A. no talk B. dont talk C. could not talk D. should not talk2. It is suggested that the experiment _ made in another way .A .be B. must be C.may be D. would be2021/8/6293. You didnt let me drive . If we _ in turn , you _ so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B drove; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. I do _ I could give you a hand . A. hope B. wish C. expect D. think2021/8/