英語六級復(fù)習(xí)資料完整版

1、英語六級復(fù)習(xí)資料（完整版）英語六級復(fù)習(xí)專題一完形填空-固定搭配1.accountfor說明的原因，是的原因2.ccuseof控告；itW3.allowfor考慮到，顧及，為留出預(yù)地4.appealto訴諸，訴請裁決（或證實(shí)等）5.bringabout導(dǎo)致，引起6.calloff取消7.carefor照顧，照料；喜歡8.checkin（在旅館、機(jī)場等）登記，報到9.checkout結(jié)帳后離開，辦妥手續(xù)離去10.comeupwith提出，提供，想出11.countonupon依靠，指望12.countup共訐，算出的總數(shù)13.drawup起草，擬訂；（使）停住14.fallbackon借助于，依靠

2、15.getat夠得著，觸及；意思是，意指；查明，發(fā)現(xiàn)；指責(zé)16.goinfor從事，參加；愛好17.hangonto緊緊抓?。槐Ａ簦澄铮?8.turnout制造，生產(chǎn)；結(jié)果是；驅(qū)逐；關(guān)掉，旋熄19.takeover接受，接管；借用，承襲20.takein接受，吸收，接納；理解，領(lǐng)會；欺騙；包括21.stickout（把一）堅持到底；突出，顯眼22.stickto堅持，忠于，信守；緊跟，緊隨；粘貼在上23.setout陳述，闡明；動身，起程；開始；擺放24.setforth闡明，陳述25.setabout開始，著手26.putinfor正式申請27.refertoas把稱作，把當(dāng)作28.pa

3、yoff還清（債）；付清工資解雇（某人）；向行賄；得到好結(jié)果，取得成功29.makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)30.lookover把看一遍，把過目；祭看，參觀31.lookthrough詳盡核查；（從頭至尾）瀏覽32.liveon靠生活，以為食物liein（問題、事情等）在于33.liein（問題、事情等）在于34.letgo（of）放開，松手35.holdout維持，保持；堅持（要求），不屈服36. holdback躊躇，退縮；阻止，抑制；隱瞞，保守（秘密等）37. haveanadvantageover勝過.havetheadvantageof由于一處于有禾1條件havetheadvantag

4、eofsb。知道某人所不知道的事38. takeadvantageof（=makethebestof,utilize,makeuseof,profitfrom,harness）利用。39. attributeto1（=tobelievesth.tobetheresultof）把。.歸因于.，認(rèn)為。.是。.的結(jié)果40. beginwith以開始.tobeginwith（=firstofall）首先，第一（經(jīng)常用于開始語）41. onbehalfof（=astherepresentativeof）以名義42. believein（=havefaithortrustin;considersth.sb

5、.tobetrue）相信，依賴，信仰。43. getthebetterof（=defeatsb。）打敗，勝過。44. bybirth在出生上，論出身，按血統(tǒng)atbirth在出生時;givebirthto出生、45. blamesb.forsth.因責(zé)備某人.blamesth.onsb.把推在某人身上46. inblossom開花（指樹木）beinblossom開花（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）comeintoblossom開花（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作）47. takethefloor起立發(fā)言48. becapableof能夠，有能力becapableofbeing+過去分詞是能夠被的、49. compare-with把與比較

6、50. compare-to把比作51. complainof（orabout）抱怨;訴苦;控告;complainabout抱怨某人或事情;complaintosb.aboutsth.（orsb。）向英人抱怨；complain（抱怨）；complement（補(bǔ)充）;compliment（恭維）52. delightin（=takegreatpleasureindoingsth。）喜歡，取樂53. take（a）delightin喜歡干，以為樂54. demandsth.fromsb.向某人要求（物質(zhì)的）東西55. deprivesb.ofsth.剝奪某人某物56. deviatefrom偏離，

7、不按辦57. onadiet吃某種特殊飲食，節(jié)食58. differfromin與的區(qū)別在于59. disposeof(=getridof,throwaway)處理掉60. beyonddispute不容爭議的，無可爭議61. indispute在爭議中62. (be)distinctfrom(=bedifferentfrom)與截然不同63. distinguishbetween(=makeorrecognizedifferences)辨別64. distinguishfrom把與區(qū)另1J開65. doawaywith(=getridof;abolish;discardeliminate)除

8、去，廢除，取消;doawaywith(=kill)殺掉，鎮(zhèn)壓66. comeoffduty下班67. atlarge(=atliberty,free)在逃，逍遙法外atlarge(=ingeneral)一般來說，大體上atlarge(=atfulllength;withdetails)詳細(xì)地68. accuseof(=chargewith;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complainabout)指控，控告69. allowfor(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)考慮到，估計到。70. amountto(=tobee

9、qualto)總計，等于。71. answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)對負(fù)責(zé)。72. abideby(=befaithfulto;obey)忠于;遵守73. complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetc。)遵守，依從74. applytosb.forsth.為向申請；applyfor申請;applyto適用。75. applyto與有關(guān)；適用76. arisefrom(=becausedby)由弓I起。77. arriveon到達(dá);arrivea

10、t到達(dá)某地(小地方);得出，作出;arrivein到達(dá)某地(大地方);78. beashamedof(=feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以一為羞恥79. assuresb.ofsth.(=trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth。)向保證，使確信。80. attach(to)(=tofix,fasten;join)縛，系,結(jié)81. attendto(=giveonesattention,careandthought)注意，照顧;attendon(upon)(=waitupon,serve,lookafter)侍候，照料82

11、. inaccordancewith(=inagreementwith)依照，根據(jù)83. ononesownaccount1)為了某人的緣故，為了某人自己的利益2)(=atonesownrisk)自行負(fù)責(zé)3)(=byoneself)依靠自己onaccount賒賬;onaccountof因為;onnoaccount不論什么原因也不;of-account有。.重要性。84. take-intoaccount(=consider)把.。.考慮進(jìn)去85. accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解釋，說明。86. onaccountof(=becauseof)

12、由于，因為。87. beaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)習(xí)慣于。88. beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解;(=tohavemetsocially)熟悉89. acton奉行，按照行動;actas扮演;actfor代理adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己適應(yīng)于90. adapt-(for)(=makesth.Suitableforanewneed)改編，改寫(以適應(yīng)新的需要)91. inaddition(=besides)此外，又，加之92. inadditionto(=as

13、wellas,besides,otherthan)除外93. adhereto(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persistin,observe,opinion,belief)粘附;堅持，遵循94. adjacent(=nextto,closeto)毗鄰的，臨近的95. adjust。.(to)(=changeslightly)調(diào)節(jié);適應(yīng);英語六級復(fù)習(xí)專題二翻譯-語法精要I動詞（時態(tài)，語態(tài)，用法，省略，一致性等）時態(tài)1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)（have/hasbeen+-ing分詞構(gòu)成）:動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下

14、去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.Ivebeenwritinglettersforanhour.Ivebeensittinginthegarden.2）過去完成進(jìn)行時（由hadbeen+ing分詞構(gòu)成）:過去某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作Idbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3） 將來完成進(jìn)行時:將來某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonthstimesh

15、ellhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4） 將來完成時（由shall/willhave+過去分詞構(gòu)成）:將來某時會業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.TheyllhavehittheyearstargetbytheendofOctober.語態(tài)可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assum

16、e,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.擔(dān)當(dāng)besupposedto與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.（你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制）雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)?/p>

17、被動語態(tài)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短

18、語動詞Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep（有被動語態(tài)）Sheslookingafterhersisterschildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.T

19、heytookhimon.Vt+adv+O(無被動語態(tài))Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.省略在以as,than,when,if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中的省略:在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是itb),就常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Wh

20、iletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedo

21、ut.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.Oncehavingmadeapr

22、omise,youshouldkeepit.IfnecessaryIllhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.在以thana)或asb)引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmoreofthec

23、ollectivethanofourselves.Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.錯誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstr

24、uckthewallbesideher.一致如果主語是單數(shù),盡管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,morethan等引導(dǎo)的短語,謂語動詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.代詞作主語時的一致each,either,neit

25、her和由some,any,no,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.Iseverybodyready?Somebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyou?some,few,both,many等作復(fù)數(shù)some可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時較多,但也有時作單數(shù)看待,主要看說話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念,但none在代表不可數(shù)的東西時總是看作單數(shù):Noneofthebooksareeasy

26、enoughforusNoneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera.None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.Noneofthisworriesme.all和most可后接復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞(allofthe，mostofthe)，動詞用單數(shù).由and或bothand連接名詞詞組時，后用復(fù)數(shù)；由notonlybut(also),eitheror,neithernor或or連接的并列主語，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致.Notonlytheswitchesbuta

27、lsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged.Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.EitheryouorMrYangistodothework.NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.如果一個句子是由there或here引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個,謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致.Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.pe

28、ople,police,cattle,poultry(家禽),militia(民兵)等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.Thepolicearelookingforhim.有些集體名詞有時作單數(shù)看待,有時作復(fù)數(shù)看待,主要根據(jù)意思來決定.Hisfamilyisntverylarge.Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.Theaudiencewasenormous.Theaudienceweregreatlymoveda

29、tthewords.有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形,可根據(jù)意思決定謂語動詞的數(shù):Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.Thisspeciesisnowextinct.Thesespeciesarenowextinct.表示時間,重量,長度,價值等的名詞,盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果作整體看待,動詞也可用單數(shù)形式(當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動詞也是可以的):Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Onehundredliwascoveredinasingleni

30、ght.其他問題書名,國家名用單數(shù):TalesfromShakespeareisabookbyCharlesLamb.學(xué)科名,如mathematics,economics用單數(shù).manya或morethanone所修飾的詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式:Manyapersonhashadthatkindofexperience.Morethanonepersonhasinvolvedinthecase.anumberof后接復(fù)數(shù),thenumberof后接單數(shù):Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.Thenumberofbookspublish

31、edonthesubjectissimplyamazing.oneofthose后用單數(shù).在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.當(dāng)one之前友theonly等限定詞和修飾語時，關(guān)系分句謂語動詞根據(jù)one而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.n非謂語動詞不定式形式主動形式被動形式f式todotobed

32、one完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing完成式：不定式的一般形式所表示的動作，通常與主要謂語表示的動作（狀態(tài)）同時（或幾乎同時）發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生.假如不定式所表示的動作，在謂語所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）之前發(fā)生，就要用不定式的完成式.Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother（=IamgladIhaveseenyourmother）.（比較:Iamgladtoseeyou.）Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.Hepretendednottohaves

33、eenme.進(jìn)行式：如果主要謂語表示的動作（狀態(tài)）發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，這時要用不定式的進(jìn)行式.Youarenotsupposedtobeworking.Youhaven'tquiterecoveredyet.Wedidn'texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.完成進(jìn)行式：在謂語所表示的時間之前一直進(jìn)行的動作，就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式.Thestrugglewasknowntohavebeengoingfortwentyyears.Wearehappytohavebeen

34、workingwithyou.被動式：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式.Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.Shehatedtobeflattered.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Thisisboundtobefoundout.Therearealotofthingstobedone.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.功用：不定式可以作主語（a）,賓語（b）,表語（c）,定語（d）或是狀語（e）.a. Toscoldherwouldnot

35、bejust.b. Weareplanningtobuildareservoirhere.c. Oneofourmaintasksnowistomechanizeagriculture.d. Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?e. Wehavecometolearnfromyou.不帶to的不定式:在“動詞+賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果動詞是表示感覺意義的see,hear,watch,smell,feel,notice等,或是表示“致使”意義的have,make,let等,其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to.Johnmadehertellhimeverything.這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語

36、態(tài)時,后面的不帶to的不定式一般還原為帶to的不定式.Shewasmadetotellhimeverything.在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,might(just)aswell,cannotbut等搭配之后,動詞不定式也不帶to.Idrathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.Theycannotbutaccepthisterm.在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgoof,letth

37、erebe,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不帶to的動詞不定式.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.Iveheardtellofhim.在動詞help(或help+賓語)之后可用不帶to的不定式,也可用帶to的不定式.CanIhelp(to)liftthisheavybox?在介詞except,but之后,如果其前有動詞do的某種形式,不定式一般不帶to,反之帶to.Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.Smithwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.The

38、resnochoicebuttowaittillitstopsraining.連詞ratherthan,soonerthan置于句首時,其后的不定式不帶to.Ratherthanpushthebookbackashewantedtodo,heforcedhimselftopickitup.出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時,其后的不定式有時帶to,有時不帶to.Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthantoincreasewages.用作補(bǔ)語的動詞不定式

39、,如果主語是由“all+關(guān)系分句”，“thing+關(guān)系分句”，“what分句”或“thing+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時，作為主語補(bǔ)語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.Whathewilldois(to)spoilthewholething.AllyoudonowiscompletetheformTheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.Thethingtodonowisclearupthismess.TheleastIcandoisdriveeverybodyelseclosertotheissue.不定式的其他用法tooto結(jié)構(gòu)通常表示否定意

40、義：Shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat.enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)則表示肯定意義：Shewasnotoldenoughtounderstandallthat.nottoo,buttoo,alltoo,onlytoo等和不定式連用時,不定式一般不表示否定意義:Hesonlytoopleasedtohelpher.soas(to)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用不定式作狀語：Besokindastodropinsometimewhenyouarefree.如果要說明不定是表示的動作是誰做的,可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語:Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood

41、.Itisagreathonourforustobepresentatthisrally.在以某些形容詞(如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite等)作表語時,不定式前可加一個of引起的短語,來說明不定式指的是誰的情況:Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.(Itis)Awfullygoodofyoutocomeandmeetus.Itsveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderat

42、e.Itsunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.V+ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞及動名詞)形式完成式:如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生,通常用動名詞的完成形式.Hedidntmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.在某些動詞后(或成語中),常用(或可以用)動名詞的一般形式,盡管動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的.Excusemeforcominglate.Idontremembereverseeinghimanywhere.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中,表示這動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生.

43、Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havingfoundthecause,theywereabletoproposearemedy.另外,獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式.Theguestshavingleft,theyresumedtheirdiscussion.Thechildren,havingeatingtheirfill,wereallowedtoleavethetable.被動式:當(dāng)一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的對象時,動名詞一般要用被動形式.Hisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohi

44、suneasiness.Hecouldntbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.但要注意,在want,need,deserve,require等動詞后,盡管表示的是被動的意思,卻用動名詞的主動形式.Mypenneedsfilling.Thepointdeservesmentioning.Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣.Hermethodisworthtrying.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式可以用來作定語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,狀語及用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingca

45、rriedoninourlaboratory.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldntverywellrefuse.Thesearesoldatreducedprices,thedefectsalwaysbeingpointedouttothecustomers.完成被動式:如果表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生,有時需要用動名詞的完成被動式.Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.但在多數(shù)情況下都避免使

46、用這一形式,而用一般被動形式代替,以免句子顯得累贅.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式一般用來作狀語或用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.Allthecompositionshavingbeenwrittenandcollected,theteachersentthestudentshome.句法功用作主語:Walkingisgoodexercise.Itsnicetalkingtoyou.Th

47、ereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmethodhasgreatlyraisedlabourproductivity.作賓語:Yourshoesneedpolishing.Youmustntdelaysendingthetractorsover.Heavoidedgivingusadefiniteanswer.作介詞賓語:動名詞作介詞賓語用的時候最多.它?？梢杂迷谀承┏烧Z后面,常見的有:insiston,persistin,thinkof,dreamof,objectto,suspectof,accuseof,chargewith,hearof,approveof,p

48、reventfrom,keepfrom,stopfrom,refrainfrom,beengagedin,lookforwardto,opposedto,dependon,thank-for,feellike,excusefor,aimat,devoteto,setabout,spendin,get(be)usedto,befondof,becapableof,beafraidof,betiredof,besickof,succeedin,beinterestedin,feel(be)ashamedof,beproudof,bekeenon,beresponsiblefor.作表語:There

49、alproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthepeople.動名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語.一般說來,在表示抽象的一般的行為時多用動名詞;在表示具體某詞動作,特別是將來的動作時,多用不定式.作賓語補(bǔ)足語:分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,find,keep,get,have等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語.Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.Oncewecaughthimdozingoffinclass.Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.在see,hear,f

50、eel,watch,notice等動詞后,及可用現(xiàn)在分詞,也可用不定式構(gòu)成賓語補(bǔ)足語.用現(xiàn)在分詞時,表示動作正在發(fā)生,用不定式時表示動作發(fā)生了.Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.作狀語:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動作,來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作為陪襯.Iranoutofthehouseshouting.Igothome,feelingverytired.DrivingtoChicagothatnight,Iwasstruckbyasuddenthought.現(xiàn)在分詞

51、短語有時可以用作狀語表示原因,相當(dāng)于一個表示原因的狀語從句.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidntwanttogotothecinema.現(xiàn)在分詞短語有時可用作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于when引起的從句：Seeingthosepictures,hecouldnthelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspenttogether.如果兩個動作是完全同

52、時發(fā)生的,多用when或while加分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu).Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.ShegottoknowthemwhileattendingaconferenceinBeijing.前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu):一個動名詞前面可以加一個物主代詞（或名詞的所有格結(jié)構(gòu)）,來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語.Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyoursel

53、f.Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theyinsistedonmystayingthereforsupper.如果不是在句子開頭,這個結(jié)構(gòu)常?？梢杂妹~的普通格（或人稱代詞賓格）,這比用所有格更自然一些.Idontmindhimgoing.Shehatespeoplelosingtheirtemper.只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,admit,enjoy,leaveoff,require,postpone,putoff,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,ad

54、vise,consider,deny,endure,escape,miss既可用動名詞,也可用不定式作賓語的動詞:love,like,hate,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,canregret,neglect,try,deserve,cantbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,tafford等.有時兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間意義差別不大,有時卻有不同的意思.在remember,regret,want,try等詞后差別是比較明顯的.Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.Imustrem

55、embertotakemynotebookswithme.Iregretnothavingacceptedyouradvice.IregrettosayIhaventgivenyouenoughhelp.Shedoesntwant(need)tocome.Thehousewants(needs)cleaning.Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.Letstrydoingtheworksomeotherway.懸垂修飾:分詞作狀語時,表示的必須是主語的一個動作或狀態(tài)是we的動作,正確)錯誤)正確)錯誤)Walkingthroughthepark,wesawal

56、otofflowers.(walkingWalkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedverybeautiful.(Standingonthetower,wecouldseethewholecity.(Standingonthetower,thewholevillagecouldbeseen.(分詞意義:過去分詞通常來自及物動詞,帶有被動意義和完成意義;而現(xiàn)在分詞有的來自及物動詞,有的來自不及物動詞,通常帶有主動意義和未完成意義.frozenfoodaboredtravelleralostcauseaconqueredarmyafinishedarticlethespokenwordaclosedshopa