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1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞作主語1(2013·福建卷) _basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnownBHaving knownCKnowing DBeing known解析:句意為:懂得基本的急救技能有助于對緊急情況作出快速反應。本題考查非謂語動詞作主語。分析題干可知非謂語動詞短語作主語,因為過去分詞不能作主語,排除A項。根據句意可知,空格處不是表達完成或被動意思,排除B和D項,故答案為C項。答案:C2(2011·北京卷)Its important for

2、the figures_regularly.Ato be updatedBto have been updatedCto updateDto have updated解析:考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句中的時間狀語regularly表示經常發(fā)生,因此排除B、D兩項;又因為figures是被更新的,故選A項。答案:A非謂語動詞作狀語3(2013·湖南卷)_warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayed 來源:來

3、源:CTo stayDStay解析:句意為:為了在夜里取暖,我總是把火爐填滿,然后把鬧鐘定在午夜,以便我能再填滿一次。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。根據上下文邏輯可知設空處表示目的,而四個選項中只有C項作目的狀語,故答案為C項。答案:C4(2013·安徽卷)_in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ATo found BFoundingCFounded DHaving founded解析:句意為:這所學校建立于20世紀早期,并一直激勵孩子們熱愛藝術。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語

4、。非謂語動詞與句子主語為邏輯上的被動關系,故排除A、B、D三個選項。答案:C5(2013·四川卷)_which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice. ANot knowing BKnowing not CNot knownDKnown not解析:句意為:(因為)不知道要上哪個大學,這個女孩便征求她老師的意見。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。首先排除B、D兩項,因分詞的否定式為“not現在分詞/過去分詞”;主語the girl與非謂語動詞之間為邏輯上的主動關系,故排除C項。 答案:A6(2013·山

5、東卷)_at the cafeteria before,Tina didnt want to eat there again.AHaving eaten BTo eatCEat DEating解析:句意為:因為之前在這家自助餐廳吃過飯,Tina再也不想去那兒吃了。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。根據語境可知空格處的動作應該發(fā)生在didnt want to eat之前,故選A項。答案:A非謂語動詞作定語7(2013·北京卷)Volunteering gives you a chance_lives,including your own.Achange Bchanging Cchanged D

6、to change解析:句意為:當志愿者給了你一個改變別人和你自己的生活的機會。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。根據題干,被修飾詞chance為抽象名詞,通常情況下由不定式作后置定語,故此題選擇D項。答案:D8(2013·天津卷)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words_in daily conversations.AusingBto use Chaving usedDused解析:句意為:在有些語言中,100個詞就占了日常對話用詞的50%。本題考查非謂語動詞作后置定語。非謂語動詞和words是邏輯上的被動關系,而四個選項中

7、只有D項表示被動,故答案為D項。答案:D9(2013·山東卷)The room is empty except for a bookshelf_in one corner. AstandingBto stand Cstands Dstood解析:句意為:除了在一個角落里立著的一個書架外這個房間是空的。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。被修飾詞為a bookshelf,非謂語動詞與bookshelf之間是邏輯上的主動關系,故選A項。不定式作定語時,通常表示將來的動作,若用在此處不合句意。答案:A10(2013·四川卷)The airport_next year will help p

8、romote tourism in this area. Abeing completed Bto be completed Ccompleted Dhaving been completed解析:句意為:明年即將竣工的機場將有助于促進這個地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。首先排除D項,因為having been done形式不能作定語;A.正被完成;C.已經完成;B.即將被完成。答案:B非謂語動詞作賓語11(2013·江蘇卷)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and_to ruins,the city took

9、 on a new look.Areducing BreducedCbeing reduced Dhaving reduced解析:句意為:在經歷了一次嚴重地震化為廢墟之后不久,那座城市呈現出了新面貌。本題考查非謂語動詞。設空處與suffering from.并列,作介詞after的賓語,所以要用doing的形式,排除B;根據短語reduce sb./sth.to sth.使某人/某事物陷入更壞的境地,主語the city和reduce 之間是被動關系,所以要用being done的形式,故選C項。答案:C12(2012·福建卷)China recently tightened it

10、s waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_in the South China Sea.AattackingBhaving attackedCbeing attackedDhaving been attacked解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:最近,中國為了保護中國漁船在南海不受到襲擊,加強了黃巖島附近水域的管轄。prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事,根據句意可知,attack與fishing boats之間是邏輯上的動賓關系,故選

11、C。答案:C非謂語動詞作表語13(2013·重慶卷)The engine just wont start.Something seems_wrong with it.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone解析:句意為:發(fā)動機就是啟動不起來??磥硭浅雒×恕1绢}考查非謂語動詞作表語。seem后接不定式,排除C和D兩項;根據發(fā)動機不能啟動的事實說明發(fā)動機已經出現了問題,故排除A項。答案:B14(2010·福建卷)In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained_abroad due to the

12、volcanic ash cloud.AstickingBstuckCto be stuckDto have stuck解析:句意為:四月,成千上萬的度假者由于受到火山灰的影響,滯留國外。本題考查非謂語動詞作表語。主語holidaymakers與stick間為被動關系,排除A、D兩項;remain過去分詞,表示狀態(tài);remainto be done表示將來。綜上所述,答案為B項。答案:B非謂語動詞作賓補15(2013·新課標卷)They might just have a place_on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?Al

13、eave Bleft Cleaving Dto leave解析:句意為:在寫作課程上,他們可能還有一個名額你為什么不試試呢?本題考查非謂語動詞作賓補。賓語a place與leave(剩下)為邏輯上的動賓關系,故答案為B項。來源:答案:B16(2013·北京卷)When we saw the road_with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock Bto block Cblocking Dblocked解析:句意為:當我們看到馬路被大雪堵住時,我們決定在家度過假期。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓補。非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為roa

14、d,兩者為被動關系,故此題選擇D項。答案:D1以下兩條“黃金法則”是解決現在分詞與過去分詞區(qū)別的最佳方法?!鞍俗址结槨奔础爸鲃舆M行;被動完成”?,F在分詞表示主動或進行;過去分詞表示被動或完成?!皟蓚€參照物”句子的主語和謂語動詞根據非謂語動詞和句子主語的主動或被動關系,可以判斷非謂語動詞的形式;根據非謂語動詞和謂語動詞的先后關系,可以判斷非謂語動詞的時態(tài)。2to be done,done,being done的選擇是考試的易錯點。雖然這三者都表示被動意義,但所表示的時間不同。done表示已經發(fā)生的動作;to be done表示將要發(fā)生的動作;being done表示正在進行的動作。一、非謂語動詞

15、作主語1動名詞作主語來源:(2013·浙江高考)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聆聽別人對你剛才所讀的書的反應會增加額外的樂趣。It is no use crying over spilt milk.(動名詞短語作主語,it作形式主語)覆水難收。2不定式作主語To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.眼見為實。It is important to respect people.(不定式短語作主語,it作形式主語)

16、尊重別人很重要。二、非謂語動詞作表語1動名詞作表語時,說明主語的性質或特征。The ant queens work is laying eggs.來源:蟻后的工作就是產卵。2不定式作表語時,說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作,或表示將來的動作。 His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的夢想就是上哈佛大學。三、非謂語動詞作賓語1動詞afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等后要接不定式作賓語。 David re

17、fused to accept my invitation.大衛(wèi)拒絕接受我的邀請。2動詞come,get,grow后接不定式作賓語時,意為“逐漸地”。She has a hot temper,but you will grow to like her.她脾氣很急,但你會漸漸喜歡她的。3動詞 admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等后要接動詞­ing形式作賓語。Bill sugg

18、ested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比爾建議開一個關于假期期間為世博會做些什么的會議。4動詞短語cant stand,give up,feel like,keep on,insist on,look forward to,put off,devote.to,object to,be busy (in),get down to,have difficulty/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in),have fun等后要接動詞

19、73;ing形式作賓語。(2010·上海高考)I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那個餐館,我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。5動詞like,love,prefer,hate,continue等后接不定式或動詞­ing形式作賓語均可。但表示經常性的動作要用動詞­ing形式,表示具體的行為要用不定式。 I like swimming,but I dont like to swim this afternoon.我喜歡游泳,但今天下午不想去。6動詞

20、need,require,want作“需要”講時,其后要用動詞­ing形式的主動語態(tài)或不定式的被動語態(tài)作賓語。與此相同用法的動詞還有deserve“值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦了。7形容詞worth后要接動詞­ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,它不同于worthy的用法。The Summer Palace is worth visiting/worthy of being visited/worthy to be visited.頤和園值得一去。8介詞后一般要接動詞­ing形式作賓語。但介詞bu

21、t/except后接不定式作賓語時,如前面有實義動詞do,不定式就要省略to。 Upon arriving at the airport,he delivered an important speech.剛到機場,他就發(fā)表了重要演講。 He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.無事可做,他只能躺下睡覺。9動詞find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作賓語,但賓語后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語,而且要用it作形式賓語。 He found it difficult to work out the probl

22、em. 他發(fā)現解決這一問題很難。10可用動詞­ing,也可用不定式作賓語,但意義區(qū)別明顯的動詞:fogetregrettrygo onremembermean(2009·陜西高考)I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍記得別人帶我去過法門寺,并記得在那里所看到的一切。 (2012·安徽高考)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the ligh

23、ts.在離開辦公室前我記住了關門,但是忘記了關燈。四、非謂語動詞作定語1現在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系,表示該動作的主動和進行。(2013·遼寧高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home,there was a pile of mail waiting for her.Laura去巴黎待了一周多的時間。當她返回家的時候,有一大堆郵件等著她(處理)。2過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關系,表示該動作的被動或完成。(2013·湖南高考)You can

24、not accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.你不能接受別人提供給你的意見,除非它有事實依據。3不定式作定語表未做的事情;動詞­ing形式作定語表示此動作與被修飾詞之間是主動關系;過去分詞作定語時表示此動作與被修飾詞之間是被動關系或已完成。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下月將要出版的第一本書是以一個真實的故事為依據寫的。注意:表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞­ing形式,意為“令人的”;動詞­

25、;ed形式,意為“(人)感到的”,也可修飾體現內心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名詞。五、非謂語動詞作狀語(一)不定式作狀語1表目的(2013·山東高考)I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.由于感到累了,我就停下車稍微休息了一下。2表示結果不定式作結果狀語常表示出乎意料的結果,動詞不定式前面常加only。(2012·山東高考)George returned after the war,only to be told that his wife

26、 had left him.喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來,卻被告知他的妻子已經離他而去。(二)現在分詞作狀語現在分詞的一般式即doing表示動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生,與句子的主語是主動關系?,F在分詞的完成式即having done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。(2013·湖南高考)The sun began to rise in the sky,bathing the mountain in golden light.太陽開始在空中升起,使山巒沐浴在金色光輝之中。來源:(2013·新課標卷)I got to the office earlier that day,having cau

27、ght the 730 train from Paddington.那天我比平時到辦公室的時間要早,因為我趕上了730從Paddington來的火車。(2012·重慶高考)Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.(被動意義,非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前)我那天晚上因為被要求加班而錯過了一場精彩的電影。(三)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時,與句子主語之間是被動關系。Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is very be

28、autiful.從山頂上看,這座城市很漂亮。Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看,我們發(fā)現這個公園顯得更加美麗。六、非謂語動詞作賓補1感官動詞(詞組)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的賓語補足語有四種形式,以see為例:see賓語(2012·四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its brea

29、kfast.我抬頭看,注意到一條蛇正沿樹蜿蜒而上,捕捉它的早餐。I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經過她房間時,我聽見一個小女孩正在唱英文歌。(被動,正在進行)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.發(fā)現我的家鄉(xiāng)變化如此之大我感到很驚奇。2使役動詞make,let,have,get后加復合賓語的情況:(1)make賓語(2)let賓語Dont let your child play wi

30、th matches.別讓你的孩子玩火柴。(2013·陜西高考)Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.讓那些需要(幫助)的人明白我們會盡全力去幫他們。(3)have賓語(2011·陜西高考)Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.Claire在飛機起飛一小時前對行李進行了安檢。He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very

31、angry.他讓燈亮了整晚,這使他父母很生氣。注意:have sth.to do有事情要做;have sb.doing 若用于否定句中,其中have 有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。Im sorry,I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.對不起,我不能與你一起外出,我有一件緊急的事情要處理。(4)get賓語He got me to post the letter for him.他讓我替他寄信。The captain

32、 got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后,上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進起來。(2010·遼寧高考)Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.來源:Alexander試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學界認可。3withJohn received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.約翰收到一份宴請函而且他的工作

33、也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀請。With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.因為有很多難題要解決,這位新任總統(tǒng)的日子不好過。1(2014·四川省綿陽市第二次診斷)_how to hold the party for several days,the children finally reached agreement.ADiscussedBDiscussingCTo discussDHaving discussed解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:關

34、于如何舉辦聚會孩子們討論了好幾天,最終他們達成了一致。the children 和discuss是邏輯上的主謂關系,應用現在分詞形式,排除A項,再結合句意可知discuss這一動作發(fā)生在reached之前,故用現在分詞形式的完成式,即Having discussed。答案:D2(2014·江西師大附中、鷹潭一中高三聯考)Why do you hang that photograph above the fireplace?_visitors of the memorial days of Long March,sir.AReminding BTo remindCReminded DR

35、eminds解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:你為什么把那張照片掛在壁爐上?為了提醒參觀者緬懷那段長征歲月,先生。根據語境可知此處表示目的,故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。答案:B3(2014·濰坊五校聯考)Many trees,flowers and grass_,our newly built school will look even more beautiful.Ato be planted Bbeing plantedCplantingDhaving planted解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:由于要種上許多花草樹木,我們新建的學??瓷先⒏馈R驗橹骶涞臅r態(tài)為一般將來時,所以種花草

36、樹木的動作應發(fā)生在將來,因此非謂語動詞用動詞不定式,且花草樹木與種植之間有邏輯上的動賓關系,故A項正確。答案:A4(2014·安徽馬鞍山高三兩校第二次統(tǒng)考)Unfortunately we rushed the fallen old man to hospital,_that we were responsible for him. Aonly telling Bonly to tell來源: Conly told Donly to be told解析:考查不定式作結果狀語。句意為:很不幸,我們迅速把摔倒的老人送到醫(yī)院,卻被告知要對老人(的摔倒)負責。根據句首的Unfortunate

37、ly可知下文是壞結果,only不定式可作結果狀語,表示想不到的不好的結果。答案:D5(2014·石家莊市高三模擬)When I got back home I saw a note pinned to the door,_“Sorry to miss you;I will call you later.”Aread Breads Cto read Dreading解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:當我回到家時,我看到門上別著一張紙條,上面寫著“很遺憾沒有見到你;晚點兒我會打電話給你?!眓ote與read之間是邏輯上的主謂關系,故用read的現在分詞形式。read表示“寫著”。答案:D6(

38、2014·山東省膠東示范學校二模)More children in Beijing will reach school age next year,_a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.Acreate Bto create Ccreating Dcreated解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上學的年齡,這導致小學教師短缺。結合句意可知,此處應用動詞的­ing形式作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果。答案:C7(2014·濟南4月鞏固性訓練) In my opinion,keep

39、ing dogs well_up is advisable for dog owners. Ato tie Bbeing tied Ctied Dto be tied解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:依我看,把狗拴好對狗主人來說是明智之舉。分析句子結構可知,空處在句子中作賓語補足語,且tie和dogs之間是邏輯上的動賓關系,應用tie的過去分詞形式,表示狀態(tài)。來源:答案:C8(2014·濟南市名校第四次診斷性測試)Despite the governments measures to cool the house market,housing demand in China still

40、grew steadily in the second half of 2012,_a rapid rise in house prices.Aresulted in Bto result inCresulting in Dbeing resulted in解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意為:雖然政府采取了一些給樓市降溫的措施,但2012年下半年中國的住房需求仍然穩(wěn)步增長,導致房價迅速上漲。根據句意和句子結構可知,result in與2012年下半年中國的住房需求仍然穩(wěn)步增長構成邏輯上的主謂關系,故用動詞的­ing形式作結果狀語。答案:C9(2014·四川省綿陽市第三次診斷)_in her favorite skirt,she seemed to be more confident.AHav

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