英美概況試題范圍

1、名詞解釋?zhuān)? .The Great Depressi on2 In dustrial Revoluti on3 Melti ng Pot4. Black Death5. American ConstitutionOctober 24 , 1929 , the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper p rofits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The In dustrial Revoluti

2、 on refers to the mecha ni zati on of in dustry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th cen turies. Brita in was the first country to in dustrialize. The In dustrial Revoluti on in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the Un

3、 ited States is a n ati on of many eth nic groups, it is also known asa “melting pot ，” meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world havemixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas

4、. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It sweptthrough En gla nd in the summer of 1348 without warnin g. It killed many people. As a r esult of the plague , much land was left unten ded and there was a terrible shortage oflabor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrumen

5、t of American gove rnment and the supreme law of the Iand. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.。1929年10月24日 ,美國(guó)股市崩盤(pán)。數(shù)十億美元的賬面利潤(rùn)是

6、在幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)消失。這導(dǎo)致了長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條。2。 工業(yè)革命指的是機(jī)械化工業(yè)和社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的后果在18世紀(jì)末和19世紀(jì)初的英國(guó)。英國(guó)是第一個(gè)工業(yè)化的國(guó)家。工業(yè)革命在英國(guó)首先開(kāi)始于紡織工業(yè)。3。 因?yàn)槊绹?guó)是一個(gè)多民族的國(guó)家，它也被稱(chēng)為“大熔爐”，意味著移民來(lái)自世界各地不同國(guó)家混合組成美國(guó)國(guó)家。4。 黑死病是現(xiàn)代的名字給了致命的黑死病，病由鼠蚤傳播流行。在14世紀(jì)傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭在1348年的夏天沒(méi)有警告。 它造成許多人死亡。由于瘟疫，大片土地?zé)o人照管和勞動(dòng)力極度匱乏。5。美國(guó)的憲法是美國(guó)政府的基本儀器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文憲法。1787年制定，并于1789年生效。它建立聯(lián)邦制和引

7、進(jìn)制衡政府歷史上第一次。the Black DeathIt was the deadly bub onic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th cen tury. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour

8、was short. It caused far-reach ing econo mic con seque nces._這是致命的黑死病在14世紀(jì)傳遍歐洲。它席卷英格蘭沒(méi)有警告，任何治療，和毫不吝惜的受害者。它殺死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此，大片土地?zé)o人照管和勞動(dòng)力短缺。它造成了深遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIII s daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Quee n, she persecuted and bur ntmany Protestants. So she was given the nickna

9、me“ Bloody Mary ” . Mary is also remembered asthe mon arch who lost the French port of Calais.亨利八世的女兒和一位虔誠(chéng)的天主教徒。當(dāng)她成為皇后，迫害和燒毀許多新教徒。所以她被“血腥瑪麗”的綽號(hào)?，旣愐灿浀镁魇シ▏?guó)加來(lái)港。the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water la

10、ke in the world, Lake Michiga nthe only one en tirelyin the U.S.Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake On tario. They are all located betwee n Can adaand the Un ited States except Lake Michiga n._五大湖在美國(guó)最重要的湖泊。蘇必略湖，是世界上最大的淡水湖，密歇根湖，唯一一個(gè)完全在美國(guó)，休倫湖，伊利湖和安大略湖。他們都位于加拿大和美國(guó)之間除了密西根湖。What is meant by the term“welfare s

11、tate ” in Britain?The welfare state is a system of gover nment by which the state provides the econo mic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is fun ded out of n ati onal in sura nce con tributi ons and taxati on.I

12、n Britai n the term applies mai nly to Nati onal Health Service (NHS), n ati onal in sura nce and social security.“福利國(guó)家”政府的福利國(guó)家是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的國(guó)家提供經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)保障的公民通過(guò)其組織衛(wèi)生服務(wù)、養(yǎng)老金和其他設(shè)施。該系統(tǒng)是由全 國(guó)保險(xiǎn)稅和賦稅。術(shù)語(yǔ)主要適用于在英國(guó)國(guó)民健康服務(wù)(NHS),國(guó)民保險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)保障。What are some of the characteristics of America n educati on?(1) Formal educati on in t

13、he Un ited States con sists of eleme ntary, sec on dary and higher e ducati on.(2) Public educati ons is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is con sidered to be an outsta nding characteristic of America n educati on.(4) Educati on is a function of the states, not the federal gover nment.美國(guó)教育的特點(diǎn)是什么？(1

14、)在美國(guó)正規(guī)的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2) 公共教育是免費(fèi)和義務(wù)的。(3) 多樣性被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)教育的一個(gè)突岀特點(diǎn)。(4) 教育是美國(guó)的函數(shù)，而不是聯(lián)邦政府。What role does the com munity college play?What fun cti ons does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guid ing prin ciple of such a college?The community college as an institution is

15、one of the most important innovations in the history of American higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated a dults, employees of local bus in ess, professi onal requiri ng certificati on as well as com mun it y orga ni zati ons.It performs five main functions. First, it p

16、repares stude nts for tran sferri ng to a BA progra m at a four-year in stituti on. Secon d, it provides vocatio nal trai ning for people who are alr eady working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to higher school stude nts who are un derprepared for college

17、 academically and adults who did not learn basic skills in eleme ntary or sec on dary school. Fourth, it offers recreati on al, cultu ral activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academic skill. Fifth, i t absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lo

18、wer-status vocation al program.The guidi ng prin ciple of com mun ity college is higher educati on for every one and the philosop hy that equality must mean equal opport un ity for self-realizati on and for the recog niti on of in dividual differe nces.社區(qū)學(xué)院發(fā)揮什么作用？它執(zhí)行什么功能？美國(guó)高等教育是什么重要的消息嗎？一個(gè)大學(xué)的指導(dǎo)原則是什么

19、？社區(qū)學(xué)院作為一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)是歷史上最重要的創(chuàng)新之一，美國(guó)的高等教育更容易滿(mǎn)足患者的需求，受過(guò)教育的成年人，本地業(yè)務(wù)的員工，專(zhuān)業(yè)要求認(rèn)證以及社區(qū)組織。它執(zhí)行五個(gè)主要功能。首先，它準(zhǔn)備學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)移到英航計(jì)劃四年的機(jī)構(gòu)。其次，它為那些已經(jīng)工作或提供職業(yè)培訓(xùn)期望在未來(lái)工作。第三，它給補(bǔ)救教學(xué)高等學(xué)校學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備不充分的大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)和成年人沒(méi)有在小學(xué)或中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)基本技能。第四，它提供了休閑、文化活動(dòng)對(duì)于成年人不尋求定期職業(yè)或?qū)W術(shù)技能。第五，它可以吸收學(xué)生四年計(jì)劃不合格看低職業(yè)計(jì)劃。社區(qū)學(xué)院的指導(dǎo)原則對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都是高等教育和哲學(xué)必須為自我實(shí)現(xiàn)意味著平等機(jī)會(huì)平等，承認(rèn)個(gè)體差異。I. Multiple Choices: Ch

20、oose one right an swer from the four choices:1.The highest mountain in Brita in is.A. ScafellB. Ben Nevis（本尼維斯）C. the CotswoldD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is .A. the Clyd eB. the MerseyC. the Severn （塞汶河） D. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is .A. the Lough Neage內(nèi)伊湖 B. Winderm

21、ere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. Englan dB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from .A. Europe B. the United StatesD.D.C. Africathe West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Br

22、itain were A. the Norman sB. the CeltsC. the Iberians 伊比利 來(lái) the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with .A. Roman invasio nB. the Norman ConquestD. theC. the Viking and Danish invasion Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, actually became the overlord of all the English.A. Joh nB. James IC. Egb

23、ert埃格伯特中世紀(jì)英格蘭西撒克遜國(guó)王，英格蘭首任國(guó)王（829839） D. Henry I9. Christmas Day , Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earli

24、est parliament.A. Henry IIB. the PopeIC. BaronD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years war stated in and wa ended in , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD1346, 1453, Brest13. Th

25、e Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king was replaced by king _A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50,Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The Eng

26、lish Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In , a small group of Puritans sailed from in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, Londo nB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondoD. 1720, Plymout

27、h17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reform ation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. Canad aB. A

28、ustraliaC. Indi aD. Newfoundland19. was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VII IB. Edward VIIC. George V ID. George VII20. In January Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after , Britain not

29、only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deeploss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 190B. the First World WarC. the Second World Wa rD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate andthe highest rate.A. inflation, growt h wth, inflati

30、onC. growth, divorc e growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old mines ostly extractionC. little money being invested the labour shortage24. Britain s foreign trade is mainly with .A. developing countries Commonwealth countries

31、C. other developed countries D. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord Chancello r QueenC. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are members of Parliamentsare elected.B. groD.B. cD.B. otherB. theA. five, 60B. five, 6

32、50C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB.the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC.the Queen, the House of CommonsD.the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-maki

33、ng resides in A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of Lord sCommonsD. the House of29. The sources of British law includeA. ty lawstatutes, common law, equity law and European CommuniB.statutes, common law and equity lawC.statutes, common law and European Community lawD.a complete code and statutes

34、30. In criminal trials by jury, passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A.the judge, the juryhe judgeB. the judge, tC. the jury, the jur yD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates courtsB. Youth courtsC. district

35、 court sD. The Crown Court32. London s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretarie s B. the Scottish Secretarie sC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in and based at first on _A. 1948, Acts of P

36、arliamen t B. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensio nB. child benefitC. family credi tD. unemployment benefit35. Except that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offic

37、es are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the Speakersters of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attendA. independent schoolsior schoolsC. independent schoolsmary schools37.

38、There are some universities, including the Open University.A. 90 0B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. e educationB.cationC.ion if their families are richD.ion at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largesD. the miniB. junD

39、. prireceive completely frereceive parly free edureceive no free educatreceive no free educatB. second largestC. third largesD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the Hudso nD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms

40、 a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the Potoma cB. the ColumbiaD. the ColC. the Rio Grande Rive r orado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .B. HarvA. Yale ardD. MassachusetC. Oxford ts Institute of Technology43. The nation s capital city W

41、ashington D.C. and New York are located in .B. theA. the American Wes t Great PlainsC. the Midwes tD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America s most important area.A. agriculturaB. industrialC. manufacturin gD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supr

42、eme Court ruled that A.lities had been illegalseparate educational faciB.had been separate but equalC. d been equaleducational facilitieseducational facilities haD.lities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in separate educational faciA. 1882B. 1883C. 190 0D. 192447. The

43、first immigrants in American history came from and A. Ireland/Franc eB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/Englan dD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserab le life of the .A. early settler sB. PuritansC. native Indian sD. black slaves49.

44、According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are pulation movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threegreat poC. fou rD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in theA. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by A. James Madiso nB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander Hamilto nWashingtonD. George52. On July 4, 1776, adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. gressB.Congressthe First Continental Conthe Seco