專轉本-獨立主格講義與練習

1、學習資料歡迎下載獨立主格（一）:獨立主格結構的構成： 名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞; 名詞（代詞）+形容詞； 名詞（代詞）+副詞； 名詞（代詞）+不定式； 名詞（代詞）+介詞短語構成。（二）獨立主格結構的特點：1）獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2） 名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關系。3）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開。 舉例：The test fini shed, we bega n our holiday.=When the test was fini shed, we bega n our holiday.考試結束了，我們開始放假。

2、The preside nt assass in ated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.=After the preside nt was assass in ated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統(tǒng)被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permitt ing, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許，我們明天去看你。This done, we went home.工作完成后，我們才回家。The meeti ng gone over, e

3、very one tired to go home earlier.會議結束后，每個人都想早點回家。He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵凍壞了。He came out of the library, a large book un der his arm.他夾著本厚書，走出了圖書館2 With 的復合結構作獨立主格表伴隨時，既可用分詞的獨立結構，也可用 with 的復合結構。with +名詞（代詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例：He stood there, hishand raised

4、.=He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例題The murder was brought in, with his hands_ behind his back。A. being tied B. havi ng tied C. to be tied D. tied答案 D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常 常用 with來引導。由于本句中名詞”手與分詞綁是被動關系，因此用過去分詞，選D.學習資料歡迎下載1）獨立主格結構使用介詞的問題：當介詞是 in 時，其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞），也不

5、用復數(shù)。但 with 的復合結構不受此限制A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.（hand 前不能加 his）。2）當表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時，及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動詞用過去分詞。He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clen ched, his eyes look ing straight up.典型例題：Weather_, well go out for a walk.A permitted B permitti ng C permits D for permitti ng答案 B.本題中沒有連

6、詞，它不是復合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗號，且 we 小寫，可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with 的復合結構。據(jù)此判斷，本句中使用的是獨立結構，其結構為：名詞+分詞。由于 permit 在這里翻譯為天氣允許，表主動，應用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。如果不會判斷獨立結構作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為 If weatherpermits, well go out for a walk.然后將 if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。Part II1.分詞短語作狀語時，它的邏輯主語應該是句子的主語。Eg.) Examining the patient, the

7、doctor wrote down something on paper.Hit by the arrow, he fell from the horse.應避免寫分詞邏輯主語和句子主語不一致的句子。如：Walking along the road, an accident happened. ( )xListe ning to the radio, there was a kn ock at the door.()Walk ing along the road, I saw an accide nt. (V)Liste ning to the radio, I heard a knock a

8、t the door.(2.但獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不是同一個人或事。獨立主格結構-名詞普通格或代詞主格+其它成分（形，畐介短，分詞和不定式）（它們之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系）獨立主格在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件和方式、伴隨。主要用于書面語，表示描述.eg.） 1.今天是星期天，你不必去上學。A） 用原因從句表達：Because it is Sun day, you n eed nt go to school.B） 用分詞獨立結構表達：It being Sun day, you n eed nt go to school. 但不能寫成： Being Sun day, y

9、ou n eed nt go to school.(因分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，所以句子錯誤。)2官員們都到齊了，宣布開會。學習資料歡迎下載A) 用分詞獨立結構表達：All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open.B) 用時間狀語從句表達：After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.3. 天氣允許的話，我們去頤和園。A) 用分詞獨立結構表達：Weather permitting ,well go to the

10、 Summer Palace.B) 用條件狀語從句表達：If weather permits , well go to the Summer Palace.4. 所有的工作都完成了，你們可以休息了。All the work done, you can have a rest.=All the work is done and you can have a rest.5. 他看著這情景，張大著嘴。He watched the scene, his mouth ( being ) wide ope n.6. 會議結束后，他們都回家了。The meeting (being) over, they a

11、ll went home.(邏輯謂語是 adj./adv 時，前面省略 being)有時,獨立主格結構可以由with 引出：eg.) The child trembled, with hands red with cold.The park is beautiful with all the trees putt ing on a ten der gree n. 樹葉都綠了， 使得公園很漂亮。The road is beautiful, with trees and flowers grow ing well here and there.有時，這種結構中的冠詞或物主代詞可省去，稱為泛指結構，

12、反之，稱為特指結構.EgJHe came out, umbrella in hand.=He came out, with an umbrella in his hand.The guards stood at atte nti on, guns on shoulders.=The guards stood at atte nti on, with guns on their shoulders.3.分詞固定短語：（有時表示說話人態(tài)度的分詞結構已成為固定短語， 不遵循其邏輯主語和句子主語一致的原則）eg.)1.Judg ing from her acce nt, she must be an

13、America n.2. Genarally speaking, the living costs are relatively higher in cities.3. Talking of the world resources , they are very limited.4. No wonder he was taken ill, considering that he had been overworking for years.5. Tak ing as a whole, the experime nt was a success.學習資料歡迎下載獨立主格練習及答案鞏固練習：1.

14、The thief stood before the policeman , _ admitting what he had done .A . with his drooping head B . drooping his headC. raising his head D . with his head down2. _ , he cant go out for a walk as usual .A . With so much work to do B . With so much work doingC. With so much work done D . Without so mu

15、ch work to doA . closed; open B . closed; openedC . closing ； open D . closing ； opening4 . All things_ , the plan trip will have to be called offA . be con sidered B . con sideredC . con sideri ng D . hav ing con sideri ng5 . _ , we have to get dow n to bus in ess right away .A . As there was no ti

16、me left B . There is no time leftC . There being no time left D . There to be no time left6 . _ yesterday, we went out for a walk .A . As a fine day B . It was a fine dayC . It being a fine day D . For it was a fine day7 . The old man stood there , _ .A . with back against the wall B . with his back

17、 against the wallC . with back against wall D . his back against wall答案：1 5 DAABC6 7 CB1. _ no bus, we had to walk home.A. There was B. There being C. Because there being2. _ , Ill go there with you tomorrow after noon.A. Time permits B. If time permitti ng C. Time permitti ng D. Times permitt ing3.

18、 _, we all went home happily.A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had bee n saidC. Goodbye saidD. When goodbye said4. _, we all went swimmi ng in high spirits.A. It being fine weatherB. It fine weatherC. It was fine weatherD. It being a fine weather5. _ , the bus started at once.A. The sig nal was give nB

19、. The sig nal giv ingC. The sig nal give nD. When the sig nal give nIts quite strange that theman sleeps withhis mouthand his eyes學習資料歡迎下載6. She stood there,_ from her cheeks.A. tears rolling downB. tears rolled dow n學習資料歡迎下載C. with tears rolled dow nD. tears rolli ng dow n7. _ , the leaves are tur

20、ning gree n.A. When spri ng coming onB. Spring coming onC. Spring came onD. Spring being come on8. _ , I had to buy a new one.A. My dicti onary los ingB. My dicti onary havi ng bee n lostC. My dictio nary had bee n lostD. Because my dictio nary lost9. I used to sleep with the window_ .A. ope nedB. ope nC. ope ningD to ope n10. _ , the hun ter went into the forest.A. A gun on shoulderB. A gun was on his sho