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1、一.名詞與量詞一 不可數(shù)名詞: 部分為液體類,氣體類的物質(zhì)單詞 (沒有復數(shù)形式) 液體:tea、coffee、juice、Coke 、 milk 、water 、soup 氣體:air、gas 肉類: chicken(表“雞肉”時為不可數(shù)名詞, 表“小雞”時為可數(shù)名詞) fish(表“魚肉”時為不可數(shù)名詞, 表“魚”時為可數(shù)名詞) pork 、 beef 、 meat 總稱: food 、 fruit 其它: rain 、wind、snow、light 、grass、money、paper 、pizza、pasta 、salad 、 bread 、toast、 porridge、 rice、c
2、hocolate、ice-cream 、 broccoli 二 名詞復數(shù)形式:1. +s 2. o(有生命), 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾+es 3. 輔音加y結(jié)尾,改y為ies 4.以fe或f結(jié)尾,改fe 或f 為ves 5. 單復數(shù)同形:fish 、sheep 、deer、people 、Chinese、Japanese、 family(作為“家人”解釋時) 6. 特殊:man men firemanfiremen policeman-policemen postman- postmen snowman-snowmen woman women policewoman policewo
3、men goose geese foot feet tooth teeth ox- oxen child children mouse-mice 三名詞的所有格 1 一般情況,在名詞的末尾加 s ( the boys bag ) 2 以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞末尾加 ( the boysbooks ) 3. 表示幾個人共同擁有的東西,只在最后一個名字后加 s , 如: Tom and Bens bedroom (湯姆與本共同擁有的臥室) 4. 分別擁有的東西就在每個名字后各自加 s,如: Toms bedroom and Bens bedroom( 湯姆的臥室和本的臥室) 5. 沒有生命的東西的所有格
4、 通常用 “ of + 名詞”的方法來表示。 如: the cover of the book (書的封面) 注: 姓氏的復數(shù)形式前面加the 表示“ 一家人” 如:the Whites (懷特一家人) 姓或名字后加所有格有時可以表示 地點。 如: Lets eat at Jimmys (我們?nèi)immy 餐廳吃飯吧)Im going to Miss Lins . (我準備去林老師家) 四 量詞 6. a bottle of ( 一瓶)7. a bowl of ( 一碗)8. a bag of ( 一袋) 9. a box of (一箱)1. a plate of (一盤) 2. a piec
5、e of (一片/ 張)3. a pair of ( 一對/ 雙) 4. a cup of ( 一茶杯)注: 量詞的后面 + 不可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)) / 可數(shù)名詞(復數(shù)),如: a bag of rice apples 當量詞數(shù)量超過“一”時,量詞也要跟著用復數(shù)形式。如 :two glasses of,some bottles of二 .形容詞與副詞(一)單音節(jié)及部分雙音節(jié)單詞的形容詞及副詞比較級與最高級變化規(guī)律: 1.直接er / est 2.以e結(jié)尾 r/st 3.重讀閉音節(jié)單詞(通常以輔元輔結(jié)尾)雙寫末尾字母er / est (如: wetter , hotter ,fatter) 4.輔音
6、加y結(jié)尾,改y為ier / est 5.特殊(不規(guī)則) (二)雙音節(jié)(部分)與多音節(jié)單詞形容詞、副詞比較級與最高級變化規(guī)律: 比較級:more 原形 最高級 :most原形 (三)修飾比較級的詞: much a littlea lot + 比較級 (四)表示 “越來越” bigger and bigger 、happier and happier 、more and more、 less and lees 、more and more slowly 、 more and more beautiful 、 more and more boring (五)不規(guī)則的形容詞詞、副詞比較級與最高級: w
7、ellbetterbest good betterbest manymore most bad worseworst farfartherfarthest littlelessleast (六)部分雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞的比較級與最高級: 5. a glass of ( 一玻璃杯) slowlymore slowlymost slowly crowdedmore crowdedmost crowded famous more famousmost famous quicklymore quickly most quickly patientmore patient most patient exc
8、itedmore excitedmost excited boringmore boring most boring(七)其他 1.形容詞修飾名詞,常放在名詞前。( a beautiful girl ) 2.副詞修飾動詞, 常放在動詞后面。( run fast ) 3.兩者之間用比較級,三者或三者以上通常用最高級。 如: Who can run faster, Ben or Tom? Who can run fastest, Ben, Tom, or Yongxian? 4.比較級的句子通常有標志詞 “than”。 5. 最高級的句子通常有標志詞“the”(形容詞最高級才有,副詞沒有); 表范
9、圍限制的介詞“ in、 on、 of ”,如: She is the prettiest of the three. Elephants are the biggest animals on land. He runs most slowly in his class. ( 副詞的最高級前面沒有“the”) 三.介詞與連詞(一) 介詞 1表時間: at:在幾點 on:在某一天 in: 在某個月、季節(jié)、學期、年 fromto:從到. for: 做事情做了多長時間,持續(xù)多久 during: 在期間 2. 表方位: in(里面),on(上面), beside(旁邊), under(下面), behi
10、nd(后面), in front of(前面), near(附近), between(兩者之間), opposite(對面), against(靠著) 3. 表地點: at : 在 (后面加小的地點) (at school , at the library) in : 在 (后面加大的地點) (in China, in Guangzhou) 4. 介詞短語1.leave for 離開到 9.in the morning /afternoon / evening 在上午/ 下午/ 晚上2. start for 出發(fā)到 10. at noon / night 在中午 / 夜晚3. look for
11、 尋找 11. close to / next to 靠近4. agree with 同意 12. on the left / right 在左邊 / 右邊5. catch up with 趕上 13. from the left / right 從左邊 / 右邊6. help sb. with幫某人某事14. ask for 7. help yourself to 隨便吃. 15. wait for等待8. get to到達,索取 16. on the farm 在農(nóng)場上(二) 連詞 and :和 (并列關(guān)系) or: 或者(選擇關(guān)系) when: 當 then:然后before: 在之前
12、after:在之后 because : 因為 so: 所以 if: 假如 but: 但是(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)四代詞、冠詞與數(shù)詞(一) 代詞 人稱 代詞我你他她它我們它/她/他們主格Iyouhesheitwethey賓格meyouhimheritusthem物主 代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的它/他/她們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs 1. 人稱代詞 主格:一般在句子中做主語,放在動詞前面( 疑問句則放在動詞后面) 如: She and I are good friends . Is she a clever gi
13、rl? 賓格: 一般在句子中做賓語, 放在動詞或介詞后面。 如: Give me a book. I am waiting for him. 2. 物主代詞 形容詞性物主代詞:修飾名詞,放在名詞前面。 ( 如: my book , their teacher ) 名詞性物主代詞: 后面不能加名詞,可單獨使用,常放在句子末尾或動詞前面。 如: Your book is better than mine. My book is interesting. Hers is boring. ( hers 在這里意思為 her book)(二) 冠詞 1. 不定冠詞 a 、an 1) 表示一類人或事物,不
14、具體指哪一個。如: She is a teacher. 2) 表示數(shù)量“一”。如: I have a cat and two rabbits. 3)用在固定搭配里。如: a lot of , a little , have a cold, take a rest 4) 元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞用“an” ,輔音發(fā)音開頭的單詞用“a”。( 一般情況以a, e , i o, u結(jié)尾的單 詞用“an”)如: an egg, an English teacher , an apple2 定冠詞 the 1) 特指某個具體的人或事物。 (如: The book on the table is mine.)2)
15、 已經(jīng)提過的人或事物。 ( 如:I have a cat. The cat is lovely.)3) 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級的前面。 ( I live on the third floor . Guangzhou is the best city.) 4) 用在世界獨一無二的事物前。( the sun, the moon, the earth ) 5) 用在樂器前。( play the guitar , play the piano )三)數(shù)詞 1. 基數(shù)詞 : 表數(shù)量 ( one ,two ,three ) 2. 序數(shù)詞: 表順序 ( first, second, third.) 一、二
16、、三 特殊記, first, second, third. 八 去t , 九去e,ve 要用f 替。 見y 改為i和e ,詞尾加上th。 若是遇見幾十幾,只變各位就可以。 ( first , second, third, eighth, ninth , fifth, twentieth forty-first )五動詞(一)情態(tài)動詞: can, could, may, must, need, will, would, should, + 動原 can't , couldnt, mustnt, neednt, wont, shouldn't + 動原1. 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣
17、與情態(tài)。 2. 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 如: I / She / He / They can run. 3注意:用must 來提問,肯定回答用must, 否定的回答多用neednt. 如: Must I borrow books with a library card? Yes, you must. Must I borrow books with an ID card? No. you neednt. (二)be 動詞 be動詞口訣: 1. 在一般現(xiàn)在時中: I 用am, you 用are, is連著he, she, it. 單數(shù)名詞用is, 復數(shù)名詞全用are. 變疑問,往前提,句末
18、問號莫丟棄。 變否定,更容易,be 后not莫忘記。 疑問否定任你變,句首大寫莫遲疑。 2. 在過去時中: I 用was, you 用were, was連著he, she, it. 單數(shù)名詞用was, 復數(shù)名詞全用were.(三)行為動詞 1.行為動詞主要表示主語的動作和狀態(tài)。如: stand, come, die, go, run, sit, put, borrow, buy 2行為動詞可分為及物動詞(vt.) 和不及物動詞(vi.)。 3及物動詞指的是后面能跟賓語的動詞。 4不及物動詞指的后面不能跟賓語的動詞。六一般過去時1一般過去時的定義:表示過去發(fā)生的事情和動作。 2動詞由原形變?yōu)檫^去
19、式的規(guī)律(即動詞過去式): 1)ed ( 如:watched ) 2)以e 結(jié)尾d (如liked) 3)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞(通常以輔元輔結(jié)尾)雙寫末尾字母ed (如:stopped) 4)輔音加y結(jié)尾的單詞改y為ied (如:studied) 5)不規(guī)則(及特殊形式):(見 六年級下冊P90) am- was is-was are- were do-did feel-felt get-got go- went have-had say-said see-saw read- read come- came eat- ate fly-flew blow-blew 3一般過去時常用的時間狀語: jus
20、t now (剛才) yesterday (昨天) yesterday morning / afternoon / evening (昨天早上/ 下午 / 晚上) last month./ week / year (上個月/ 上個星期 / 去年),this morning / afternoon / evening (今天上午 / 下午 / 晚上) ago (之前) in 2000 (在2000年) before / before (以前 / 以前) 4一般過去時的句型: 肯定句:( 動詞用過去式) She was at home yesterday evening. We were busy
21、 just now. He did his homework last night. They played football yesterday. 否定句:(行為動詞的否定:didnt+動原 ;be 動詞的否定: wasnt ,werent) She wasnt at home yesterday evening. We werent busy just now. He didnt do his home work last night. They didnt play football yesterday. 疑問句:(行為動詞的疑問句:did +動原; be 動詞的疑問: Was/ Wer
22、e ) Was she at home yesterday evening? Were you busy just now? Did he do his homework last night? Did they play football yesterday? Where did he go yesterday? How did you go to school this morning? 七 一般將來時(一)一般將來時的定義: 表示將要做,打算做, 準備做的事. (二) 一般將來時的結(jié)構(gòu):1. be going to +動詞原形 (is / are / am going to + 動詞原形
23、)1) 肯定句 I am going to go to school tomorrow. He is going to play football this afternoon. She is going to do some reading. They are going to see the white tiger next Sunday. We are going to surf the Net this evening. Sally is going to swim this afternoon. The girl is going to go to the park with her
24、 friend tomorrow.2)否定句 isnt / arent / am not / going to + 動詞原形 如:She isnt going to swim tomorrow. They arent going to swim next weekend. 3) 特殊疑問句 What are you going to do? How are you going to get there? What time is your train going to leave for Hong Kong? What time are you going to go to school to
25、morrow? 4) 一般疑問句 Is she going to go to school tomorrow? Yes,she is . / No, she isnt. Are you going to play football tomorrow? Yes, I am. / No, I am notAm I going to get to school by bus tomorrow? Yes, you are. / No, you arent.2. will +動詞原形 1). 肯定句: I will go to school tomorrow. He will play football
26、 this afternoon. She will do some reading. They will see the white tiger next Sunday. 2). 否定句: wont +動詞原形 3)一般疑問句 Will you go to school tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I wont. Will she surf the Net tomorrow? Yes, she will / No, she wont. 4) 特殊疑問句 When will you get there? Who will go with you? What will
27、 you do on holiday? 三). 一般將來時常用時間狀語: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this (next) morning /Sunday/ week八一般現(xiàn)在時1一般現(xiàn)在時的定義:表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)特征。 2一般現(xiàn)在時基本句型結(jié)構(gòu):be動詞;行為動詞否定形式:am/is/are +not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。 l 一般疑問句:把be動詞放于句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行
28、為動詞3一般現(xiàn)在時常見標志詞:never, sometimes, often, usually, always, seldom,every 4.當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時, 一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞變化的規(guī)律: n 1) 一般情況加s,如: visit visits tell tells work works wave waves n 2) 以s, x, sh, ch,o結(jié)尾的動詞, 加es,如: wash washes watch watches catch catches teach-teaches fixfixes guess-guesses go-goes do-does n 3) 以輔音字母加y
29、結(jié)尾的動詞,改y為i加es,如: fly flies study studies n 4) 特殊情況 have has 5)當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時, 一般現(xiàn)在時的特殊疑問: n What time does he get up? He gets up at six. n Where does she live? She lives in Renmin Road. n How does he go to work? He goes to work by bus.Who hands in the homework? Jiamin. Whose friend practices the piano?
30、 Janes friend. n Which school does she study at? She studies at No. 2 School.6)當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時, 一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定句,否定句和一般疑問句的變化, 例如: I eat dinner at six. nHe eats dinner at six too. n I dont eat dinner at six. n He doesnt eat dinner at six either. n Do you eat dinner at six? n Does he eat dinner at six? 九.現(xiàn)在進行時1
31、定義:表示動作正在進行。 2現(xiàn)在進行時常用標志詞:now , listen , look, see 3. 動詞ing形式(即現(xiàn)在分詞)構(gòu)成規(guī)律: 1)一般情況加ing,如:red-reading, play-playing 2)去e加ing, 如: write-writing, have-having, take-taking , make-making 3)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞(輔音元音輔音結(jié)尾),雙寫末尾字母加ing 如: sitting , putting, getting, beginning, running, swimming, shopping, skipping, stopping
32、4)以ie結(jié)尾,將ie改為y再加ing, 如: die-dying, lie-lying 4. 現(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu): be doing (即: is / are / am 動詞ing ) 5. 基本句型: 1)肯定句: I am singing now. She is singing now. . They are singing now. 2)否定句: I am not singing now. She isnt singing now. They arent singing now. 3) 一般疑問句 Are you singing? Is she singing? Are they sin
33、ging? 4)特殊疑問句 What are you doing? What are they doing? What is she doing? How are you going there? What book are you reading?6 部分縮寫形式: is not = isnt are not= arent I am = Im you are = yourehe is = hes she is = shes it is = its 7am 和is 在句子末尾時不能縮寫,即不能出現(xiàn)“Yes, Im. Yes, its. ”之類的回答。十. There be句型與祈使句(一) T
34、here be 句型 1. 定義: There be 句型表示“某地有某人或某物”2肯定句: 現(xiàn)在有: There is / are + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 過去有: There was / were + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 將來有: There is /are going to be + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 或There will be + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 如: There is a book on the desk. (書桌上有一本書。) There are seven days in a week. ( 一個星期有七天。) There was
35、a cake on the table just now, ( 剛才桌子上有一個蛋糕。) There is going to be a match tomorrow. ( 明天將會有一場比賽。) There will be a football match tomorrow. ( 明天將會有一場足球比賽。)3.否定句 現(xiàn)在沒有: There isnt/ arent + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 過去沒有: There wasnt / werent + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 將來沒有: There isnt /arent going to be + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 或T
36、here wont be + 事物/ 人物 地點 / 時間 如: There isnt a book on the desk. ( 書桌上沒有書。) There wasnt a cake on the table just now. ( 剛才桌子上沒有蛋糕。) There isnt going to be a match tomorrow. ( 明天將不會有比賽。) There wont be a football match tomorrow. ( 明天不會有足球比賽。) 4 There be 句型中的be 動詞的形式由最靠近be 動詞的第一個名詞決定,也就是“就近原則”。 如: There
37、 is a book and two pens on the table. ( 因為最靠近be動詞的名詞是“book”,“book” 是單數(shù),所以be 動詞要用單數(shù)形式的“is”) There is some water in the glass. There are some books on the table. There is a book and some pens on the table. There is a teacher in the classroom. There are some teachers in the school.(二) 祈使句 1. 定義:祈使句用來表達
38、請求、命令、勸告、建議或鼓勵。 2. 句型: 肯定句: 用動詞原形,如:Stand up. Give me a book. 否定句: Dont + 動詞原形,如: Dont pick flowers in the park. 1. 英語日期的寫法與讀法寫法 讀法September 1 st September the first1st September the first of September注:在英語中,年份總是放在日期的最后面。如 “2009年6月1日”可以譯為“ June 1,2009” 或“ 1 June ,2009” 2. 時間倒讀法 15分鐘:(a)quarter; 30分鐘
39、: half; 30分鐘及30分鐘以內(nèi)用 : past ( 過) ; 30分鐘以后用: to (差分鐘到點) ;讀的順序: 先分鐘,后小時 例如:half past seven (七點半) a quarter to ten (九點四十五) ten past two (兩點過十分) 3. 國旗、國家、國籍、語言與首都What national flag is it? Its the national flag of 國家. Its the國籍+ national flag. Whats the capital of 國家? Its The capital of is Country (國家)Ca
40、pital (首都)Nationality(國籍)Language(語言)RussiaMoscowRussianRussianChinaBeijingChineseChineseCanadaOttawaCanadianFrench. / EnglishItalyRomeItalianItalianFranceParisFrenchFrenchBritainLondonBritishEnglishAmericaWashington D.C.AmericanEnglishJapanTokyoJapaneseJapaneseAustraliaCanberraAustralianEnglishNew
41、ZealandWellingtonNew ZealanderEnglish4. 固定搭配 1) feel + 形容詞 2) have a cold / fever/ toothache/ headache / stomachache / pain (感冒 / 發(fā)燒 / 牙疼 / 頭疼 / 胃疼 / 疼 ) too many +可數(shù)名詞 (如 : too many sweets )3)太多 too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 ( 如: too much water )4) 很多 plenty of lots of +可數(shù)名詞 / 不可數(shù)名詞 a lot of5) Youd better 動詞原形
42、(最好做某事) (如 : Youd better stay here . ) 6) eat a lot / walk a lot (吃很多 / 走很多) 7) like / love / enjoy / hate / practice / be good at + doing8) do some reading / shopping /cleaning 9 ) go shopping / swimming / fishing / boating / sightseeing / climbing5. 談論天氣1)Weather Report (預報明天) Welcome to the weath
43、er report. Today is May 26th. Its Monday. It will be cloudy and hot tomorrow. The temperature will be between 29 and 33 / from 29 to 33. Dont forget to take your umbrella. Its going to rain in the afternoon. Have a good day! Bye-bye. Its sunny / windy/ rainy/ cloudy/ snowy / foggy.Its hot / cold / w
44、arm / cool.Its wet / dry.Its sunny, hot and dry. It will be sunny. Its going to be rainy.2)問天氣Whats the weather like?(天氣如何?)Whats the weather like now?Whats the weather like today? Whats the weather like in +地點?Whats the weather like in +地點時間?What will the weather be like tomorrow?What will the weat
45、her be like tomorrow? Its sunny / windy/ rainy/ cloudy/ snowy / foggyIts hot / cold / warm / cool. It 3) 溫度: hot- - warm- cool- cold 30 -25 -20 -15 4) 溫度的讀法:-5 minus five degrees centigrade 5) 問溫度Whats the temperature ? (氣溫多少度?)Its . .Whats the temperature today/ now? Whats the temperature in +地點? W
46、hats the temperature in +地點時間?6.頻度副詞(按頻率少到多排列): never / seldom / sometimes / often / usually / always 從不 很少 有時 經(jīng)常 通常 總是7.種植(Planting) 1). How to plant a tree? (種樹的步驟) First, dig a hole. And then, put the tree into the hole. After that, fill the hole with earth. At last, water the tree. 2). How to grow flowers?(種樹的步驟 ) a. Put some seeds into the pot. b. Put some earth on the seeds. c. Water the seeds.
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