英語句型結構與句子成分劃分

1、 高一英語初高中銜接練習 英語句型結構與句子成分劃分一、句子類型(1)、簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語動詞（或并列謂語動詞）構成的句子。1) 簡單句的類別1.陳述句（肯定句、否定句） 2.疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）3.祈使句 4.感嘆句（How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !2) 簡單句的基本詞序主語 謂語 賓語 狀語 I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in

2、silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently on the stage.(2)、并列句：由兩個或兩個以上等立而又 相互獨立的簡單句構成，兩個簡單句由并列連詞連在一起。 其結構是： 簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句1. I help him and he helps me .2. He failed many times but he wasnt discouraged.3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.4. Not only did he write to us

3、but also he came here yesterday.5. Either he didnt speak clearly or I didnt hear well.(3)、復合句：簡單句中的某一個成分由一個句子來充當。1.名詞性叢句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film.3) This is why he didnt go to school.4) The news that he has passed the exam made me ha

4、ppy.引導名詞性從句的連詞有: that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever.2.修飾性從句：定語從句1) The man who is standing there is White.2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引導定語從句的連詞有： that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.3. 副詞性從句：狀語從句 (條件

5、、時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、比較、讓步狀語從句）引導狀語從句的連詞有：when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, sothat, though, wherever, whenever, as as, not soas, than二. 句子成分劃分<1> 句子成分的分類1.Subject (主語) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（謂語） We study English.3.

6、Object（賓語） We love China.4. Predictive（表語） We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定語） This is a difficult problem.6.Completement(補語) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（狀語） He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位語） This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入語） To be frank, I dont agree with you.1. 主語: 主語表示句子要

7、說明的人或事物。一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語充當。如1) The students study hard.2) He usually goes to school at 7:30.3) One and one make two.4) To tell a lie is wrong.5) Learning a foreign language takes a long time.6) Who taught you English last year?2. 謂語:說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致(1) 由動詞的各種時態(tài)語態(tài)表示。1) He goes to s

8、chool every day. 2) They are swimming.3) She caught up with the others very quickly.4) This kind of machine is made in China. (2) 由“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示。 We must work hard at English.The recorder can be repaired in two days. (3) 由“連系動詞+表語”表示。My father is a doctor.He feels better today. 3. 表語: 表語和連系動詞一起構成謂語，

9、表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征、身份等。一般由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞、形容詞的詞或短語充當。如1) Her uncle is a teacher. 2) He became angry.3) The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 4. 賓語: 動作的承受者。如1) The child needs help. 2) They all helped us. 3) I hope to see you again4) Tom likes swimming 5) My mother bought a skirt for me. （雙賓語）6) Ill lend it

10、 to you tomorrow.（雙賓）7) He gave me a map of the world. 雙賓有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語，一個指物，一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前，但為了強調(diào)間接賓語，可把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后，這時要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.5.賓語補足語：有些動詞除需要一個賓語外，還得有一個賓語補足語，句子意義才能完整。賓語和賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。賓語和賓語補足語在邏輯上有主謂關系，這是賓語和賓語補足語的主要依據(jù)。如1) We found the story quite interesting. 2) We ask

11、ed him to help us.3) I saw a child playing on the grass.6. 定語: 定語修飾名詞或代詞。如1) Our classroom is clean and bright. 2) The book here is very interesting.3) The man in a brown jacket is my father.4) This is the house where I lived three years ago.5) The students reading-room is on the second floor. 英語中放在

12、被修飾詞（中心詞）前面的成為前置定語放在被修飾詞后面的稱為后置定語。一般來說，當定語修飾some, any, every, no等所構成的復合不定代詞時，定語需后置。如 1) I have something important to tell you. 2) There is nothing wrong with the sentence.7.狀語: 修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，也可以修飾整 個句子。狀語說明地點、時間、目的、結果、條件、讓步、方式、程度等。如果狀語和地點狀語同時出現(xiàn)，一般是時間狀語放在最后，地點狀語放在時間狀語之前。如1）He was born in shanghai in 1

13、970.2）The meeting is to be held in Room 401 tomorrow evening.8. 同位語This is Mr.Zhou, our teacher.9.插入語To be honest, I dont agree with you.三. 五種簡單句的結構.主語連系動詞表語連系動詞的類別: (1) be(2) 感官動詞：look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel (3) 表持續(xù)的動詞：remain, keep , stay, continue (4) 表變化的動詞：get, become, turn, gr

14、ow , 練習1: 翻譯下列句子: 1) 這座花園香氣怡人。 2) 絲綢摸起來又軟又滑。 .主語謂語（不及物動詞） (常+狀語)Tom died. He smiled happily.練習2: 翻譯下列句子:3) 水開了. 4) 我們努力學習。 5) 火車就要開了。 6) 旗幟在風中飄動。 .主語謂語（及物動詞）賓語We study English.練習3: 翻譯下列句子: 7) 他正在做功課。 8） 不要嘲笑同學。 9）我不明白你在說什么。 .主語謂語（及物動詞）間賓直賓練習4: 翻譯下列句子:10) 我給他一些錢 11) 他為我買了一本書 一些間接賓語可改成由to引起的短語，表示動作向誰。

15、一些間接賓語可改成由for引起的短語，表示動作為誰.主語及物動詞賓語賓補練習5: 翻譯下列句子:12) 我們認為這工作容易。 13) 我們選他當班長。 14）Anne 叫她的日記Kitty。 15) 那消息使我很高興。 16) 他聽見有人在開門。 17) 那故事使我們笑了起來。 There be/ stand/ lie/live 結構1）There is a computer on the desk.2）There will be thousands of visitor in Guangzhou next month.3）There used to be a river here.4）The

16、re stands a temple on the top of the mountain.5）There lived an old fisherman here 10 years ago. 練習6: 翻譯下列句子:18) 課室里有很多桌子。 19) 樹下有一個漂亮的女孩。 20) Tom在中國有許多朋友。_練習7: 劃分下列斜體字部分的句子成分:1.The price is going down a bit in the car market abroad. 2.The young should respect the old.3. Laying eggs is ant queens ful

17、l-time job. 4. She was the first to win the Nobel Prize twice. 5.He returned a white-haired, wise old man.6.To swim across the Channel is a wonderful experience.7. There remains much to talk about. 8. How long did the Civil war last? 9. The dying is taken good care of in his hospital.10.There is no

18、need to have further discussion about it.11. All has changed since the rules were made.12. It doesnt matter whether it rains or not.13. It sounds like a train that is going under the house. 14. The man was found dead the next day.答案五種簡單句的結構1) .The garden smells pleasant.2) .Silk feels soft and smoot

19、h. 3) The water boiled. 4) We study hard. 5) The train is starting. 6) The flag is flowing in the wind. 7) I gave him some money. (I gave some money to him) 8) He bought me some books. ( He bought some books for me) 9) I think the job easy.10) We elected him monitor. 11) The news made me happy. 12)

20、I heard somebody knocking at the door. 13) The story made us laugh. 14) There were many desks in the classroom. 15) There is a pretty girl under the tree.練習6: 劃分下列斜體字部分的句子成分:1.The price is going down a bit in the car market abroad. 謂 定adv.2. The young should respect the old. 主adj. 謂 vt.3. Laying eggs