大學(xué)英語四級模擬試題及答案

1、大學(xué)英語四級模擬試題及答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofToGetalongwithYourRoommates.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1. 室友之間的沖突在校園里常有發(fā)生2. 沖突的主要原因3. 室友之間如何和睦相處ToGetalongwithYourRoommate注意:此部分試題在答題卡1上。PartIIReadingCompreh

2、ension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions17,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage&a

3、mp;#894;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions810,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.EarlyChildhoodEducationEducationToBeMore?waspublishedlastAugust.ItwasthereportoftheNewZealandGovernment?sEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorkingGroup.Thereportarguedfor

4、enhancedequity(公平)ofaccessandbetterfundingforchildcareandearlychildhoodeducationinstitutions.Unquestionably,that?sarealneed;butsinceparentsdon?tnormallysendchildrentopreschoolsuntiltheageofthree,arewemissingoutonthemostimportantyearsofall?A13yearstudyofearlychildhooddevelopmentatHarvardUniv

5、ersityhasshownthat,bytheageofthree,mostchildrenhavethepotentialtounderstandabout1000words-mostofthelanguagetheywilluseinordinaryconversationfortherestoftheirlives.Furthermore,researchhasshownthatwhileeverychildisbornwithanaturalcuriosity,itcanbesuppresseddramaticallyduringthesecondandthirdyearsoflif

6、e.Researchersclaimthatthehumanpersonalityisformedduringthefirsttwoyearsoflife,andduringthefirstthreeyearschildrenlearnthebasicskillstheywilluseinalltheirlaterlearningbothathomeandatschool.Onceovertheageofthree,childrencontinuetoexpandonexistingknowledgeoftheworld.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpe

7、oplefrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.That?sobservednotjustinNewZealand,butalsoinAustralia,BritainandAmerica.Inanattempttoovercomethateducationalunderachievement,anationwideprogramcalled,Headstart?waslaunchedintheUnitedStatesin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Itto

8、okchildrenintopreschoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthechildrenofpoorerfamiliessucceedinschool.Despitesubstantialfunding,resultshavebeendisappointing.Itisthoughtthattherearetwoexplanationsforthis.First,theprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditattheageofthreewerealreadybehindt

9、heirpeersinlanguageandmeasurableintelligence.Second,theparentswerenotinvolved.Attheendofeachday,Headstart?childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Asaresultofthegrowingresearchevidenceoftheimportanceofthefirstthreeyearsofachild?slifeandthedisappointingresultsfrom,Headstart?,apilotprogra

10、mwaslaunchedinMissouriintheUSthatfocusedonparentsasthechild?sfirstteachers.The,Missouri?programwaspredicatedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamily,ratherthanbypassingtheparents,isthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefouryearpilotstudyincluded380familieswhowere

11、abouttohavetheirfirstchildandwhorepresentedacrosssection結(jié)構(gòu) ). Theyofsocioeconomicstatus,ageandfamilyconfigurations(includedsingleparentandtwoparentfamilies,familiesinwhichbothparentsworked,andfamilieswitheitherthemotherorfatherathome.Theprograminvolvedtrainedparenteducatorsvisitingtheparents?homeand

12、workingwiththeparent,orparents,andthechild.Informationonchilddevelopment,andguidanceonthingstolookforandexpectasthechildgrowswereprovided,plusguidanceinfosteringthechild?sintellectual,language,socialandmotorskilldevelopment.Periodiccheckupsofthechild?seducationalandsensorydevelopment(hearingandvisio

13、n)weremadetodetectpossiblehandicapsthatinterferewithgrowthanddevelopment.Medicalproblemswerereferredtoprofessionals.Parenteducatorsmadepersonalvisitstohomesandmonthlygroupmeetingswereheldwithothernewparentstoshareexperienceanddiscusstopicsofinterest.Parentresourcecenters,locatedinschoolbuildings,off

14、eredlearningmaterialsforfamiliesandfacilitiesforchild.Attheageofthree,thechildrenwhohadbeeninvolvedinthe,Missouri?programwereevaluatedalongsideacrosssectionofchildrenselectedfromthesamerangeofsocioeconomicbackgroundsandfamilysituations,andalsoarandomsampleofchildrenthatage.Theresultswerephenomenal.B

15、ytheageofthree,thechildrenintheprogramweresignificantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeers,hadmadegreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandotherintellectualskills,andwerefurtheralonginsocialdevelopment.Infact,theaveragechildontheprogramwasperformingatthelevelofthetop15to20percentoftheirpeersinsu

16、chthingsasauditorycomprehension,verbalabilityandlanguageability.Mostimportantofall,thetraditionalmeasuresof,risk?,suchasparents?ageandeducation,orwhethertheywereasingleparent,borelittleornorelationshiptothemeasuresofachievementandlanguagedevelopment.Childrenintheprogramperformedequallywellregardless

17、ofsocioeconomicdisadvantages.Childabusewasvirtuallyeliminated.Theonefactorthatwasfoundtoaffectthechild?sdevelopmentwasfamilystressleadingtoapoorqualityofparentchildinteraction.Thatinteractionwasnotnecessarilybadinpoorerfamilies.Theseresearchfindingsareexciting.ThereisgrowingevidenceinNewZealandthatc

18、hildrenfrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundsarearrivingatschoollesswelldevelopedandthatourschoolsystemtendstoperpetuate（使永存）thatdisadvantage.Theinitiativeoutlinedabovecouldbreakthatcycleofdisadvantage.Theconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomes,orattheirplaceofwork,contrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoft

19、heEarlyChildhoodCareandEducationWorkingGroup.Theirfocusisongettingchildrenandmothersaccesstochildcareandinstitutionalizedearlychildhoodeducation.Educationfromtheageofthreetofiveisundoubtedlyvital,butwithoutasimilarfocusonparenteducationandonthevitalimportanceofthefirstthreeyears,someevidenceindicate

20、sthatitwillnotbeenoughtoovercomeeducationalinequity.1. Theskillslearnedbychildrenatageofthreewillbeusedinalltheirlaterlearninginlife.2. The,Headstart?programfinallysucceededinitsaim.3. The,Missour?programsuppliedmanyformsofsupportandtrainingtoparents.4. Most,Missouri?programthreeyearoldsscoredhighly

21、inareassuchaslistening,speaking,reasoningandinteractingwithothers.5. ,Missouri?programchildrenofyoung,uneducated,singleparentsscoredlesshighlyonthetests.6. Thericherfamiliesinthe,Missouri?programhadhigherstresslevels.7. Educationalinequitycannotbeovercomeforchildrenfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds.8.

22、Theaimof,Headstart?programistohelpchildrenfrompoorfamiliesovercome9. Themosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlifeis10. TheconceptofworkingwithparentsintheirhomescontrastsquitemarkedlywiththereportoftheEarlyChildhoodCoreand.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADir

23、ections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachsectiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),andd

24、ecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11. A)ToordersomemedicineforAuntMargaret.B)Togetsomeexercise.C) Tobuysomeitems.D) Toseetheiraunt.12. A)Anyonecandoit.B) Noonecandoit.C) Alexcanprobablydoit.D) Alexprobablyshouldn?tdoit.13. A)Teaisbe

25、tterthancoffee.B) Themanshouldswitchtotea.C) Therearetworeasonsnottodrinkcoffee.D)Themanshouldn?tdrinkeither.14. A)Atahairdresser?s.B)Atatailor?s.C)Atabutcher?s.D)Ataphotographer?s.15. A)Angry.B)Tired.C)Hungry.D)Disappointed.16.A)Shewouldlikesomesoup.B) She?sinvitingthemantolunch.C) Shewantstoknowif

26、themanlikeschicken.D) Sheatelunchearlier.17.A)Veryfewpeoplecometoit.B) Agoodnamehasn?tbeenfoundforit.C) Peopledon?tlikeclimbingthestairstogetthere.D) Shehasdecidedtophonetheticketoffice.18.A)Itwasdesignedbymodernartists.B)Itwillcolorblackandwhiteprints.C)Itsmerchandisemustbecarefullysortedthrough.D)

27、Itsbestselectionisofmodernartprints.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Aclasspresentationthey?repreparing.8) Atelevisionprogramthemaniswatching.C)Visitingaclosefiendoftheirs.D)Studyingforatest.20. A)He?stakingabreakfromstudying.B) Hehasalreadyfinishedstudying.C) Hewasassi

28、gnedtowatchaprogrambyhisprofessor.D)He?sfindingoutsomeinformationforafriend.21.A)Hedidn?tknowthatshewasenrolledinamathematiccourse.B)Hethoughtshepreferredtostudyalone.C)HethoughtshehadmadearrangementstostudywithD)Hehadtoldherthathehaddonepoorlyonarecenttest.22.A)HeandElizabetharguedrecently.B)Hehear

29、dElizabethdidpoorlyonthelasttest.C)Hedoesn?twanttobotherElizabethsolateintheevening.D)He?dratherstudyinhisowndormitory.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23. A)Theylookdarker.B) Theylooksmaller.C) Theylookclearer.D) Theylookcloudier.24. A)Itstopsworking.B) Itbecomessharper.C) I

30、tconfusesodors.D) Itdefectsfewerodors.25. A)Theybothhaveleginjuries.B) They?retootiredtowalkanyfarther.C) Theyhavenoumbrellawiththem.D) They?veseennosignstogivethemdirections.SectionB:Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandt

31、hequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A) Todoasmuchasyoucan.B) Todoonlywhatisne

32、cessary.C) Toactcarefullyandquickly.D) Todowhatisnecessaryascarefullyandquicklyaspossible.27.A) Leavehimlyingwhereheis.B) Doasmuchasyoucantosavehim.C) Puthisarmsandlegsinplace.D) Rollhimupinablanket.28.A)Stoptheflowofbloodifthepersonisbleeding.B)Performtheoperationwhenevernecessary.C)Doartificialres

33、pirationifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing.D)Dothebestyoucanuntiladoctorarrives.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Afewinchesabovetheknee.B) Alittlebelowtheknee.C) Downtotheankle.D) Floorlength.30. A)Boots.B)Sneakers.C)Slippers.D)Leathershoes.31.A)Fashionschangeovertime.B

34、) Menarethriftierthanwomen.C) Skirtsandshoesaremoreimportantthanotherclothing.D) Someclothingmaysuitalloccasions.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Energyconservation.B) Transportationofthefuture.C) Stripcities.D) Advantagesofairtransportationoverrailroads.33.A)Alac

35、kofavailableflights.B) Longdelaysattheairport.C) Tirednessonlongflights.D) Longtripstoandfromairports.34.A)Itusesnuclearenergy.B) Itrestsonacushionofpressurizedair.C)Itfliesovermagneticallyactivatedtracks.D)Itusesadevicesimilarwithengine35.A)Theyaresubjecttofires.C) Theybecomelessfuelefficient.D) Th

36、eyproducetoomuchnoise.E) Theyhavetroublestayingonthetracks.SectionC:Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactw

37、ordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Doctorsarestartingtobelievethatla

38、ughternotonlyimprovesyourstateofmind,butactuallyaffectsyourentirephysicalwellbeing.Britain?sfirst(36)therapist,RobertHoldensays:“Instinctivelyweknowthatlaughinghelpusfeelhealthyandalive.Eachtimewelaughwefeelbetterandmore(37).”AFrenchnewspaperfoundthatin1930theFrenchlaughedonaveragefornineteenminutes

39、perday.By1980thishadfallentosixminutes.Eightpercentofthepeople(38)saidthattheywouldliketolaughmore.Other(39)suggeststhatchildrenlaughonaverageabout400timesaday,butbythetimetheyreach(40)thishadbeen(41)toaboutfifteentimes.Somewhereintheprocessofgrowingupwelosean(42)385laughsaday.WilliamFry,apsychiatri

40、stfromCaliforniastudiedthe(43)oflaughteronthebody.Hegotpatientstowatchfunnyfilms,andmonitoredtheirbloodpressure,heartrateandmuscletone.Hefoundthatlaughterhasasimilareffecttophysicalexercise.(44).Italsomakesourfacialandstomachmuscleswork.Frythinkslaughterisatypeofjoggingonthespot.Laughtercanevenprovi

41、deakindofpainrelief.Fryhadprovedthatlaughterproducesendorphinschemicalsinthebodythatrelievepain.Researchersdividedfortyuniversitystudentsintofourgroups.Thefirstgrouplistenedtoafunnycassettefortwentyminutes.Theotherthreegroups(45)Researchersfoundthatiftheyproducepaininthestudents,(46).Somedoctorsarec

42、onvincedthathumorshouldbeapartofeverymedicalconsultation,asthereisevidencetosuggestthatlaughterstimulatestheimmunesystem.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequestedtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgive

43、ninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowing

44、passage.Formanyenvironmentalists,theworldseemstobegettingworse.Theyhavedevelopedahitlistofourmainfears:naturalresourcesare47out;thepopulationisevergrowing,leavinglessandlesstoeat;speciesarebecoming48invastnumbers,andtheplanet?sairandwaterarebecomingevermorepolluted.Butaquicklookatt

45、hefactsshowsadifferentpicture.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemore49notlessso,sincethebook,TheLimitstoGrowth?waspublishedin1972byagroupofscientists.Second,morefoodisnowproducedper50oftheworld?spopulationthanatanytimeinhistory.Fewerpeopleare51.Third,althoughspeciesareindeedbecomingextin

46、ct,onlyabout0.7%ofthemareexpectedtodisappearinthenext50years,not2550%,ashassooftenbeen52.Andfinally,mostformsofenvironmentalpollutioneitherappeartohavebeen53,oraretransient-associatedwiththeearlystagesofindustrializationandthereforebestcurednotbyrestrictingeconomicgrowth,butby54it.Oneformofpollution

47、-thereleaseofgreenhousegasesthatcausesglobalwarming-doesappeartobeaphenomenonthatisgoingtoextendwellintoourfuture,butitstotalimpactisunlikelyto55adevastating(令人心神不安的)problem.Abiggerproblemmaywellturnouttobeaninappropriateresponsetoit.Yetopinionpollssuggestthatmanypeoplenurturethebeliefthatenvironmen

48、talstandardsaredecliningandsomefactorsseemtocausethisdisjunctionbetween56andreality.A) poseI)starvingB) exaggeratedJ)headC) acceleratingK)runningD) extinctL)predictedE) existM)abundantF) perceptionN)conceptionG) wealthyO)reducingH) magnifiedSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassa

49、geisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostconceptionsoftheprocessofmotivatio

50、nbeginwiththeassumptionthatbehavioris,atleastinpart,directedtowardstheattainmentofgoalsortowardsthesatisfactionofneedsormotives.Accordingly,itisappropriatetobeginourconsiderationofmotivationintheworkplacebyexaminingthemotivesforworking.Simonpointsoutthatanorganizationshouldbeabletosecuretheparticipa

51、tionofapersonbyofferinghiminducements（引誘）whichcontributeinsomewaytoatleastoneofhisgoals.Thekindsofinducementsofferedbyanorganizationarevaried,andiftheyareeffectiveinmaintainingparticipationtheymustnecessarilybebasedontheneedsoftheindividuals.Maslowexaminesindetailwhattheseneedsare.Hepointsoutnotonly

52、thattherearemanyneedsrangingfrombasicphysiologicaldrivessuchashungertoamoreabstractdesireforselfrealization,butalsothattheyarearrangedinahierarchy（等級制度）wherebythelowerorderneedsmusttoalargedegreebesatisfiedbeforethehigherorderonescomeintoplay.Oneofthemostobviouswaysinwhichworkorganizationsattractand

53、retainmembersisthroughtherealizationthateconomicfactorsarenottheonlyinducementforworkingasindicatedbyMorseandWeiss.InlinewiththesocialrespectandselfrealizationneedsdiscussedbyMaslow,factorssuchasassociationswithothers,selfrespectgainedthroughthework,andahighinterestvalueoftheworkcanserveeffectivelyt

54、oinducepeopletowork.57.AccordingtoMaslow,aworkorganizationisabletomotivatepeopletoworkby.A) satisfyingtheirphysiologicalneedsB) satisfyingtheirselfrealizationneedsC) satisfyinghierarchyoftheirhigherorderneedD) firstsatisfyingtheirlowerorderneeds58. Lowerorderneedsconcernaperson?s.A) essentialphysica

55、lneedsC)selfrealizationB) selfrespectD)workingrelationshipswithothers59. WhichofthefollowingisNOTahigherneedthatattractspeopletowork?A) Associationwithothers.C)Interestvalueofthework.B) Possibilityofearningagoodsalary.D)Cultivationofselfrespect.60.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbyMorsean

56、dWeiss?A) Physiologicalneedsarethemostbasic.B) Thereisahierarchyofneedsthatmustbemet.C) Economicfactorsarethegreatestinducement.D) Personalesteemandthegainingofpoweristhemostimportantfactor.61.Simonpointsoutthat.A)theneedsofindividualsrangefromhungertoselfrealizationB)economicfactorsarenottheonlyind

57、ucementforworkingC)effectiveinducementsmustbebasedonwhatindividualswantD)inducementsmustnotbetoovariedPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thejustificationforauniversityisthatitpreservestheconnectionbetweenknowledgeandthezestoflife,byunitingtheyoungandtheoldintheimaginativeconsiderationoflearning.Theuniversityimpartsinformation,butitimpartsitimaginatively.Atleast,thisisthefunctionwhichitshouldperfo