高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧

1、閱讀理解題的解題思路一、 解的十個(gè)特征：1、 體現(xiàn)中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解2、 照抄原文的不是解，同義替換的是解3、 含義不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less relatively be likely to含義絕對(duì)的不是解： must always never the most all any none entirely含義相反的是解4、 具體的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解5、 帶有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain6、 簡(jiǎn)單的不是解，復(fù)雜的是解，字

2、面意思不是解，含義深刻的是解7、 帶虛詞的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same particular nearly not enough 8、 “變化”是解：change delay improve postpone increase9、 “重要的、基礎(chǔ)的”是解：important necessity essential basis be based on10、 二選一：反義項(xiàng)有解；形似項(xiàng)有解；近義項(xiàng)有解二、 閱讀題的四種題型及其命題思路1. 主旨題中心思想 Main idea

3、what is the main idea / point of this passage? Main topic what is the main topic / subject / title? Purpose what is the authors main purpose in the passage?對(duì)策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多為概括性的選項(xiàng)2. 細(xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題 Accroding考查對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的掌握，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件等細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題。對(duì)策：利用題目中的關(guān)鍵詞找文章中的對(duì)應(yīng)詞，在對(duì)應(yīng)詞的周?chē)鷮ふ掖鸢浮?Number考查對(duì)文章中數(shù)字的掌握，1） 運(yùn)算型：通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的四則運(yùn)算求解。對(duì)策

4、：原始數(shù)據(jù)不是解。2） 多選一型：文中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)時(shí)間或數(shù)字，對(duì)應(yīng)不同的事物，考其中的一個(gè)。對(duì)策：對(duì)號(hào)入座。3） 范圍型，4） 世紀(jì)型 Except題型即三缺一型，要求選出一個(gè)不符合文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。 Which題型對(duì)策：這兩種主要考并列句、列舉句3. 推斷型問(wèn)題命題包括以下動(dòng)詞：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.對(duì)策：1） 根據(jù)文中的關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)、結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行推斷；2） 通過(guò)閱讀某段或幾段內(nèi)容3） 注意：要根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷，不能憑空猜測(cè)。4. 詞匯型問(wèn)題 考查熟詞偏義或在特定場(chǎng)合具體的詞義對(duì)策：常見(jiàn)含義不是解 生詞的含義推斷對(duì)策：根據(jù)上下文判斷其合理的

5、詞義才是唯一的出路?？偨Y(jié)：常見(jiàn)的命題思路：l 文章的中心、段落的中心l 指代關(guān)系make gains make a profitl 因果關(guān)系 正因果關(guān)系文中A導(dǎo)致B，問(wèn)題：有了B這一結(jié)果，為什么，答案是A 反因果關(guān)系文中A具有X特性，B與A不同，問(wèn)，B有何特點(diǎn)，答案是非X特性?；駻 B， 考非A 非B三、 文章的十大考點(diǎn)1、 列舉處?？?細(xì)節(jié)題，特別是Which型和Except型；2、 轉(zhuǎn)折處和對(duì)比處?？糎owever, but, yet, in fact, although, 轉(zhuǎn)折：unlike, until, however, but等。3、 例子?？?推斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題as, such as

6、, for example, for instance, i.e. etc. 4、 數(shù)字和年代?？嘉闹械臄?shù)字、年代和日期常常是命題的重點(diǎn)。5、 最高級(jí)和絕對(duì)性詞匯?？?答案具有唯一性must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first.6、 專(zhuān)有名詞?？既嗣⒌孛葘?zhuān)有名詞7、 細(xì)節(jié)處?？?細(xì)節(jié)題同位語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，長(zhǎng)句的后半句，從句，副詞，介詞，不定式。8、 因果句?？?推斷題因果連詞：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc因果動(dòng)詞：cause, result in，

7、originate from, etc因果名詞：base, basis, result, consequence. etc9、 段落中心句?？?主題題和細(xì)節(jié)題段首句和文尾句往往是作者表達(dá)中心思想和進(jìn)行總結(jié)綜述之處，10、 特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)?？?細(xì)節(jié)題破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、冒號(hào)表示解釋?zhuān)?hào)表示引用列舉處，因果關(guān)系示例1、最高級(jí)舉處轉(zhuǎn)折處Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星)but also because of rays from sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as

8、our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environments tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quanti

9、ties of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The tr

10、ouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren.長(zhǎng)句后半句Drugs might help to decrease the damage done b

11、y radiation, but not really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be in the future.轉(zhuǎn)折，長(zhǎng)句后半句1、According to the passage, without atmosphere A) spa

12、ceships can never be shot into spaceB) sunlight cant reach the earth （具體不是解）C) plants can produce varied foodD) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含義相反的是解）2、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by A) taking special drugsB) wearing special suits（替換spacesuits是解）C) us

13、ing a protective blanketD) no solution has been found yet3、The greatest danger to men in space is A) meteors B) weightlessnessC) radiation D) magnetic force4、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformedB) the children of astronauts

14、 have damaged sex organsC) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may是解）D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful5、Radiation is dangerous to men, A) but we dont know exactly how dangerous it is B) but only in space （替換是解）C) so we should build up our healthD) and we can do nothing ab

15、out it at the present time 轉(zhuǎn)折，長(zhǎng)句后半句示例2、舉例，長(zhǎng)句Every we are all influenced by the mass media. Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we dont need, the media also contribute to keeping people info

16、rmed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful.因果，列舉，長(zhǎng)句后半句If consu

17、mers of the media could be taught at an early age to examine messages critically, i.e. to think carefully about what is being communicated, they would be able to take advantage of the information and enjoy the entertainment without being hurt by it. The key to critical thinking is recognizing the pu

18、rposes of the news or scriptwriters, the advertisers, and so on. Are both sides of an issue being presented? Is the amount of violence and killing shown necessary to the point of a story? Have enough facts about a product being advertised been presented?Besides, in a country with a democratic form o

19、f government, the people can be kept informed by the mass media. To be able to express their views and vote intelligently, citizens need the opportunity to hear news, opinions, and public affairs programming. Information about current events is presented in depth on publicly funded TV channels and r

20、adio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education.The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the public. Even thoug

21、h the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive.1. The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that A. Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information.B. The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是解）C. People should learn to take advantage of the medias benefits.D. TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information.2. What shou