牛津教材高一bodylanguage配套練習

1、牛津教材高一 body language配套練習上海牛津教材高一 body languag喇己套練習Section A 精讀Eye contactEye contact is a meeting of the eyes between two individuals.In human beings, eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication and is thought to have a large influence on social behavior. Coined in the early to mid-1960s, the t

2、erm has come in the West to often define the act as a meaningful and important sign of confidence and social communication. The customs and significance of eye contact vary widely between cultures, with religious and social differences often altering its meaning greatly.The study of eye contact is s

3、ometimes known as oculesics.Eye contact and facial expressions provide important social and emotional information. People, perhaps without consciously doing soprobe each other's eyes and faces for positive or negative mood signs. In some contexts, the meeting of eyes arouses strong emotions.Eye

4、contact is also an important element inflirting, where it may serve to establish and gaugethe other's interest in some situations.Mutual eye contact that signals attraction initially begins as a brief glance and progresses into a repeatecVolleying of eye contact, according to Beverly Palmer, Ph.

5、D. and professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills.In the process of civil inattention strangers in close proximity, such as a crowd, avoid eye contact in order to help maintain their privacy.A 1985 study published in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology suggested

6、 that "3-month-old infants are comparatively insensitive to being the object of another's visual regard". A 1996 Canadian study with 3 to 6 month old infants found that smiling in the infants decreased when adult eye contact was removed. A recent British study in the Journal of Cogniti

7、ve Neuroscience found that face recognition by infants was facilitated by direct gaze. Other recent research hasconfirmed the belief that the direct gaze of adults influences the direct gaze of infants.A person's direction of gaze may indicate to others where his or her attention lies.Recent stu

8、dies suggest that eye contact has a positive impact on theetention and recall of information and may promote more efficient learning.In the Islamic faith, Muslims often lower their gaze and try not to focus on the opposite sex's features except for the hands and face. Lustful glances to those of

9、 the opposite sex, young or adult, are also prohibited.Japanesechildren are taught in school to direct their gaze at the region of their teacher's Adam's apple or tie knot. As adults, Japanese lower their eyes when speaking to a superior as a gesture of respect.In many cultures, such as East

10、 Asia and Nigeria, it is respectful not to look the dominant person in the eye, but in Western culture this can be interpreted as being "shifty-eyed", and the person judged badly because "he wouldn't look me in the eye"references such as "shifty-eyed" can refer to s

11、uspicions regarding an individual's unrevealed intentions or thoughts. Nevertheless, the seeking of constant unbroken eye contact by the other participant in a conversation can often be considered overbearing or distracting by many even in western cultures, possibly on an instinctive or subconsc

12、ious level.New Words and Expressions1. probe: v. question or examine thoroughly and closel賽查2. gauge:v. measure precisely and against a standard斷3. mutual: a. common to or shared by two or more partie洪同的4. volley: v. discharge in 截擊5. in the process ofduring 在 的過程中6. proximity: n. the property of be

13、ing close togethe東近7. retention: n. the act of keeping in your possessions 留8. instinctive: a. unthinking 本能的Exercise 1: VocabularyA. Matching1) to coin a phrase2) the other side of the coin3) pay someone back in their own coin4) spin/ toss/ flip a coin5) current coina. the aspect of a situation opp

14、osite to what you have been talking aboutb. hot issuec. as the old saying goesd. punish somebody as he make you suffere. throw a coin in the air to decide betweentwo choicesB. Gap fillingA. probeB. instinctiveC.gaugeD.in the process ofE. mutualF. retentionG volleyH.proximity1. There are early signs

15、that some of the affected economies are recovery.2. Even by Messi's standards , for instance, it was optimistic to attempt a from-distance after a corner dropped to him.3. Running away is our reaction when we meet danger.4. Heat is important, to avoid spending too much energy to keep warm.5. His

16、 mood can be by his reaction to the most trivial of incidents.6. Busy airports often owe their success to their to large population centres.7. A flashlight beam the underbrush only yards away from their hiding place.8. I sincerely hope that you will settle the matter to your satisfaction.Exercise 2:

17、 Reading comprehensionA. True or False:1. Strangers in a crowd avoid eye contact in order to keep their privacy.2. Infants are not aware of the eye contact of the adults.3. Muslims are prohibited to gaze at the opposite sex's hands.4. Japanese do not look at their superior in the eyes as a gestu

18、re of respect.5. Shifty-eyed means differently in western and eastern cultures.B. Open-ended question:Can you think of some more different meanings of eye movemnt in western and eastern cultures?Key:Exercise 1 (A)cadeb(B) 1. in the process of 2. volley 3. instinctive 4. retention5. retention 6. rete

19、ntion 7. probed 8. mutualExercise 2 (A) TFFTTSection B 泛讀Body language in different culturesPeople from parts of India may shake their head from side to side as a sign of agreement and active listening. In the west we tend to nod our head to agree andffirm and to show we are listening; in India it i

20、s not unusual for people to move their heads from side to side in giving these reactions. It is also seen as respectful practice.Showing the solesof the feet is insulting and rude in many Asian and Arab cultures. Similarly pointing the foot or feet at anyone is rude. Feet are considered dirty.In Ara

21、b culture the left hand is commonly considered unclean due to associations with toilet functions, and should therefore not be offered or used for touching or eating. When in doubt in Arab environments, using the right hand for everything is a safer idea.In Arab countries the thumbs-up gesture is rud

22、e.The eyebrow flash may be considered rude or to carry sexual connotations in Japanese culture. Informal male-female touching is less common and can be considered improper in Japan.The American-style 'OK' sign - a circle made with thumb and index-finger with other fingers fanned or outstretc

23、hed - is a rude gesture in some cultures, notably Latin America, Germany and the Middle East.Beckoning gestures in Eastern cultures are commonly made with the palm down, whereas Western beckoning is generally palm up.The offensive British two-fingered V-sign is not necessarily offensive in Japan and

24、 may be considered positive like the Western palm-outwards 'victory' or 'peace' V-sign in the West.In some countries, Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria for example, moving the head up and down or from side to side may have additional or different meanings to those conventionally interprete

25、d in the UK or US. Specifically, in Turkey, aside from using conventional (US/UK-style) head nodding and shaking, some people may also signal 'no' by moving their head up.Arab handshaking tends to be more frequent and less firm - on meeting and departing, even several times in the same day.I

26、n Japan the male bow is still commonly used, when the depth of the bow increases with the amount of respect shown, and is therefore a signal of relative status between two people.In The Netherlands people touch the temple with the index finger in order to indicate someone (or an action) is smart or

27、intelligent. Touching the forehead with the index finger means someone (or an action) is stupid or crazy. In Russia these meanings are reversed.Here are some Japanese body languagensights especially for doing business in Japan.High- pitched laughter means nervousness.On introduction, do not offer a

28、handshake.Depth of bow is impossible to judge without immenseexperience: it is sufficient for a Westerner to bow shallowly.Business cards should be exchanged at the first possible opportunity. The card received should be held in both hands and examined carefully, and then stored, preferably in a wal

29、let, on the upper half of the body. Holding a person's identity in one hand is casual and disrespectful. The trouser pocket is a rude place.Blowing one's nose into a handkerchief in public is obscene (What other bodily waste do you wrap up in cotton and put in your pocket?)Japanese businesse

30、s (unless they cannot afford it) have two types of meeting room: a Western style room with central table, and a room with sofas. The sofa room is for non-antagonisticmeetings. In general, the 45 degree rule seems to apply here - better to sit on adjacent sides than across from one another. This room

31、 can be a great place to cut deals. Nevertheless, the 'table' room is whereransactionsare formalised. There the host of the meeting sits nearest to (and preferably with his back to) the door. This is probably chivalric in origin - he is first in the way of any invader to the room. His team s

32、its on the same side of the table in descending rank. The chief guest sits opposite to him and similarly the minions decline to the side. The head of the table is not generally used in bilateral (two parties) meetings except by people brought in to advise on components of the agenda A great boss may

33、 spend much of the meeting with his eyes closed. He is considering what is being said by the subordinates and does not need visual distraction. However, if he has a firm steer to give, he will instruct his deputy and this will be relayed immediately.Loss of eye contact is quite normal with lower ran

34、king people: if they drop their head, this indicates deep thought.Otherwise, pure body signals are quite similar to Western ones, with one notable exception: touching the tip of the nose from straight ahead signals 'I or me'.The Japanese language does have a word for 'no' but it is rarely used in business for fear of causing offence or loss of face. "Ye