初中英語語法專項復習(時態(tài))

1、初中英語語法專項復習(一般過去時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、被動語態(tài))一、知識再現(xiàn)：一般過去時1、概念：(1) 一般過去時表示 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用， 如 yesterday, in 2013, 等。如：I(get) up at 6:00 this morning.(2) 一般過去時也表示 發(fā)生的動作，常和 、等表示頻度的時間狀 語連用。如： My father often(go) to work by bus two years ago.2、句式： (1)動詞be的一般過去時waswere自定式It was sunny yesterday.We wer

2、e in the library just now.否定式Itsunny yesterday.Wein the library just now.疑問式it sunny yesterday?Yes, it./No, it.you in the library just now?Yes, we./No, weHowthe weather yesterday?Whereyou just now?(2)動詞do的一般過去時(以 work為例)肯定式： He(work) in that factory last year.否定式： He(not work) in that factory last y

3、ear.疑問式： a.he(work) in that factory last year? Yes, he./ No, he.b. When he(work) in that factory?(3) There be 句型的一般過去時A. There was肯定式：There(be) a bird in the tree a momentago.否定式：There(be) a bird in the tree a momentago.疑問式：a.(be) there a bird in the tree a momentago? Yes, there./No, there.b. What(b

4、e) in the tree a moment ago?B. There were肯定式： There(be) some shops in the street last year.否定式： There(be)shops in the street last year.疑問式：a. (be) there shops in the street last year? Yes, there ./No, thereb. How many shops(be) there in the street last year?3、動詞過去式的構成(1)規(guī)則動詞的過去式構成規(guī)則原形過去式M日一般在動詞原形末尾加

5、 .watchvisit清輔音后面讀作,結尾是e的動詞加love use濁輔首、兀首后面讀作,t、d后面讀作。末尾只有一個的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫它，再加shop plan以加y結尾的動詞，先變?yōu)?再加study try(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式(九年級課本第171頁不規(guī)則動詞表涵蓋了初中階段所學過的不規(guī)則動詞，同學們要經(jīng)常復習)。請寫出下列動詞的過去式：have -go-see-buy-take-sing-write-wear-come-find-(二)用所給動詞的適當形式填空：Tom(have) a great time on the school trip. He(go) to Blue W

6、ater Aquarium forthe day. First he (visit) the Visitors' Center and(watch) a movie about sharks.Then he(see) a big octopus. After lunch, they(buy) lots of gifts. Finally, tired but happy, he(take) the bus back to school.二、知識再現(xiàn)：一般現(xiàn)在時1、概念：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時表示 的狀態(tài)。如：She(be) twelve. They(be) at home.(2)般現(xiàn)在時也

7、表示 或 的動作， 常和 always > usually 、>today 、in the morning 、 every day,once a week等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。如： My father often(go) to work by bus every day.(3) 一般現(xiàn)在時還表示主語具備的 等。如： She(like)apples. They(know) English.2、句式：(1)動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時amisare自7E式I am a student.He is twelve.They are at home.否定式I _a student.He _ tw

8、elve.They _ at home.疑問式y(tǒng)ou a student?Yes,./No,.he twelve?Yes,./No,.they at home?Yes,./No,.Whatyou do?Howis he?are they?(2)動詞do的一般現(xiàn)在時(以like為例)I二人稱，三人稱復數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)自7E式They like apples.He likes apples.否計They(not like) apples.He( not like) apples.疑問式they(like) apples? Yes,./No,.he(like) apples?Yes,./No,.Wha

9、t _they(like)?Whathe(like)?注意：當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞形式有下列幾種變化:1、大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加" : 在清輔音后發(fā)音閡，如： help , like 在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為z,如：swim , play 2、以“ s, x, ch, sh”結尾的，在詞尾加" iz,發(fā)音為如： teach , watch 3、以輔音字母加“y”結尾的，要先撿 變?yōu)?，然后在加“?iz賣如：study , carry 4、以“?！苯Y尾的動詞，加“ z,嫌如：go do 5、特殊變化的有：have (二)用所給動詞的適當形式填空：Tom' s home

10、(be) about 10 kilometers from school. He(get) up at 6:00 every day,(shower) and(have) a quick breakfast. Then he(leave) for school ataround 6:30. First, he (ride) his bike to the bus station. Then the early bus (take) him to school.三、知識再現(xiàn)：一般將來時1、概念：一般將來時表示 某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示將來的時間狀語連用，如： tomorrow,

11、week,year, in 等。如： We(come) to see you later on.2、句式：肯定式:People(use) money in 100 years.否定式:People(use) money in 100 years.疑問式:people(use) money in 100 years?Yes, they/No, they.What people(use) in 100 years ?3、現(xiàn)在進行時也可以用來表示按 或安排將要發(fā)生的動作，有“意圖”或“ ”等含義。如：-What you(do) for vacation?I ' m(visit) my fri

12、end in Hong Kong.4、“+動詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。如：I study computer science in the future.四、知識再現(xiàn)：現(xiàn)在完成時一. 基本結構：助動詞 have/has+過去分詞(done)二. 句型：否定句：主語 +have/has+not+過去分詞 +其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+ 主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語：Yes,主語+ have/has.( 肯定) No,主語 + haven't/hasn't.( 否定) 三.用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果I

13、have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come.(含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒),siMy father has gone to work.（含義是：我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒 ）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生 在過去某一時刻的 ，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與 for （+時間段）nce （ +時間點或過去時的句子）連用 for+時段since+ 過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來） since+ 時段+agosince+ 從句（過去時）It is+時段+s

14、ince+ 從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.ago.四. has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的區(qū)另 UHave/Hasgone(to):去了（現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場）Where is yourfather? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to):去過（已小在去過的地方）My fatherhasbeento Shanghai.Have/hasbeenin :呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father h

15、as been in Shanghai for two months . / since two months五.現(xiàn)在完成時的標志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義* 以 already, just 和 yet 為標志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never 為標志This is the best film I have ever seen.

16、這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標志He says he has been to the USA three times.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以so far （到目前為止）為標 +beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手，進一步學習現(xiàn)在

17、完成時。*for+時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與過去的時間狀語連用,如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等；2)不能與when連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用六.過去分詞1 、規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則相同。四點變化規(guī) 則：(1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ed ”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“dlive-lived-lived,(3)、以“輔音字母+

18、 y ”結尾的動詞，將 "y"變?yōu)?quot;i",再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“edstop-stopped-stopped, drop-dropped-dropped2、不規(guī)則見課本后附表。(二)用所給動詞的適當形式填空In ten years, I think I(be) a reporter. I(live) in Shanghai. I think I(meet) lots of interesting people. I(

19、have) many different pets. I(play) tennis every day.I I think I(go) to Hong Kong on vacation【綜合應用】用所給動詞的適當形式填空：My aunt Maria is an actress. She(be) thirty-five years old now. She often(appear)on the stage as a young girl. Maria(take) part in a new play next week. She(be) a girl of seventeen. In the

20、play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she(wear) short socks and a bright, orange-colored dress, she(look)very beautiful. If someone(ask) her how old she is, she always answers,“ Darlingterrible to be grown up! ” Since five years ago,She(perf

21、orm) more than 30performances.She(be)famous for several years.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。（人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的）1）一般現(xiàn)在時 ： am/is are+P.P.2）一般過去時： was/were+P.P.3） 情態(tài)動詞：can/must/should +P.P.4）現(xiàn)在進行時：_am/is/are+being+P.P.5）一 般將來時：_will+be+P.P.6）現(xiàn)在完成時： have（has）+P.P.特殊情況：1.make sb do sth 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)應

22、該為：sb +be+made+to do sth2.感官動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，應該為：sb+be+heard/seen/watched+ to do sth【被動語態(tài)專項練習】()1 The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found()2 English in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken()3 This English song by the girl

23、s after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung()4 This kind of car in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made()5 New computers all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used()6 Our room must clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()7 -I'd liy that coat.-I'm sorry. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold()