簡單句-并列句和復合句用法及習題

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上七年級上冊：Unit 1Unit 9:側重于陳述句和疑問句。七年級下冊：Unit 4:祈使句 Don't eat in the classroom.Unit 8：倒裝句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood.Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑問句。八年級上冊： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution.Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the

2、 bananas in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender.八年級下冊：Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.九年級：Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!一、陳述句和疑問句1.陳述句用來陳述一個事實或表達說話者看法的句子叫“陳述句”，句末用句號表示句子

3、的陳述結束。陳述句分為肯定句和否定句。(1)肯定句的基本結構：“主語+謂語+賓語”。例如：I play basketball after school.(2)否定句又分為完全否定和部分否定。完全否定詞有not，no，no one，nobody，nothing，neither，none，never。例如：None of us have been to Canada.部分否定詞有hardly，seldom，few，little以及not與both，all，each，every，quite，always等連用所表示的部分否定。例如：I can hardly see anything in the r

4、ain.Not all students come to school by bus.2.疑問句用來表示提問的句子叫作“疑問句”，句末用問號。疑問句包括一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句4種。(1)一般疑問句以系動詞be開頭的疑問句。例如：Are you a student?以助動詞開頭的疑問句。例如：Do you speak French?以情態(tài)動詞開頭的疑問句。例如：Can you dance?(2)特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞引導的疑問句叫“特殊疑問句”。特殊疑問詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和由疑問詞構成的疑問短語。常用疑問代詞：what什么；who誰；whom誰(who的賓格)；wh

5、ich哪個(些)；whose誰的。例如：What are you doing?常用疑問副詞：when何時；where何地；how怎么；why為什么。例如：Where are you going tomorrow?常用疑問短語：what time什么時刻；how many/much多少；how often多久一次；how soon多久；how long多長時間；how far多遠；how old多大(年齡)；how big多大。例如：How long have you been here？For 10 minutes.(3)選擇疑問句用來在兩種或兩種以上情況中進行選擇的疑問句叫作“選擇疑問句”。

6、答語不能用Yes/No回答，而應從問句中選擇一種情況進行回答。一般選擇疑問句的構成：一般疑問句+or+被選擇的內(nèi)容？例如：Are you a teacher or a doctor？I'm a teacher.特殊選擇疑問句的構成：特殊疑問句+A or B?例如：Which do you like better，tea or coffee？(4)反意疑問句附在陳述句后對陳述內(nèi)容進行反問的句子叫“反意疑問句”，也叫“附加疑問句”。反意疑問句前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是簡短問句。陳述部分用逗號結尾，疑問部分用問號結尾。例如：It's a nice day，isn't it?

7、疑問部分的主語必須與陳述部分的主語一致；當陳述部分的主語是名詞或代詞時，疑問部分要用相應的人稱代詞。例如：Mr.Black comes from the UK，doesn't he? 疑問部分要與陳述部分的時態(tài)保持一致。例如：Tom went to the cinema yesterday，didn't he?答語是肯定的用 “Yes”；答語是否定的用 “No”。前否后肯的反意疑問句的答語yes譯為“不”，no譯為“是的”。例如：Ann didn't come to school last week，did she?No，she didn't.She was i

8、ll.特別提醒反意疑問句的特殊形式陳述部分是I am.，疑問部分用aren't I。例如：I'm your best friend，aren't I?當陳述部分是there be結構時，疑問部分用there。例如：There are many birds in the tree，aren't there？當陳述部分的主語是指示代詞this，that時，疑問部分的主語用it；當陳述部分的主語是these或those時，疑問部分的主語用they。例如：This is an English car，isn't it? These are Russian pla

9、nes，aren't they?當陳述部分含有never/nothing/none/no one/seldom/hardly/few/little等否定詞時，疑問部分用肯定形式。例如：She has never been abroad，has she?如果陳述部分含有由否定前綴im-，dis-，un-等構成的否定意義的詞，則陳述部分作肯定處理，疑問部分仍用否定形式。例如：Mary is unhappy，isn't she？當陳述部分的主語是不定代詞something/anything/everything/nothing等時，疑問部分中代詞用it。例如：Nothing is w

10、rong with the computer，is it?當陳述部分的主語為somebody/someone/anybody/anyone/everybody/everyone等時，疑問部分中代詞用they或he，注意問句動詞的數(shù)應與they/he保持一致。例如：Everyone has known the news，hasn't he？/haven't they?祈使句的反意疑問句a.祈使句是肯定形式，其反意疑問句中的疑問部分用will you或 won't you皆可。例如：Be sure to write to us，will/won't you?b.祈使

11、句是否定形式，其反意疑問句中的疑問部分通常只用will you。例如：Don't smoke in the meeting room，will you?c.以let開頭的祈使句構成反意疑問句時， let's用shall we構成反意疑問句，其他均用will you。例如：Let's take a walk after supper，shall we? Let the boy go first，will you?當陳述部分是I think/I suppose/I believe/I consider等結構時，疑問部分一般與從句保持一致。注意“否定前移”。例如：I thin

12、k you can do it better next time，can't you? I don't believe there will be robots at people's homes，will there？二、感嘆句1.以what引導(1)What + a/an +adj.+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + 謂語！例如：What a beautiful mountain it is!(2)What +adj.+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + 主語 + 謂語！例如：What great inventions he has made!(3)What +adj.+不可數(shù)名詞 + 主

13、語 + 謂語！例如：What bad weather it is today!2.以how引導(1)How +adj. +a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語！例如：How clever a boy he is!(2)How +adj./adv.+主語+謂語!例如：How quickly Tom runs!三、祈使句祈使句表達說話人對對方的勸告、叮囑、建議、請求或命令等。主語you通常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號。表達請求或勸告時，祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的語氣。1.肯定祈使句(1)Do型：動詞原形(+賓語)+其他成分。例如：Please have a seat.

14、(2)Be型：Be+表語(名詞或形容詞)+其他成分。例如：Be quiet.(3)Let型：Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分。例如：Let me help you.2.否定祈使句(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構成。例如：Don't forget me! Don't be late for school!(2)Let型的否定式有兩種：“Don't +let+賓語+動詞原形+其他成分”和“Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其他成分”。例如：Don't let him go./Let him not go.(3)有些可用no開頭，用來表示禁止

15、。例如：No smoking!四、倒裝句英語句子一般主語在前，謂語在后。但有時因為語法結構的要求或為了表達特殊的強調(diào)部分，會把句中的謂語提到主語前面，這種句子叫“倒裝句”。倒裝句的常見句式：1.There be句型(1)There be句型表示“存在”，主語在be的后面。例如：There is some coffee in the cup.特別提醒there be與have的區(qū)別There be結構表示“某地有某人/某物”，強調(diào)客觀存在。have表示“(某人)擁有某物”，強調(diào)所屬關系。例如：Mr.Bush has two daughters. (2)There be句型的句式變化對There

16、be句型中的主語提問：What's + 地點狀語/時間狀語？例如：There are many birds in the forests.What's in the forests?對There be句型中數(shù)量的提問：How many +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) + are there + 地點狀語?How much +不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 地點狀語?There be句型中，反意疑問句的疑問部分應用there。例如：There's no air on the moon，is there?2.So+助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞+主語，表示“也是”。表示與上文中所述肯定

17、情況相同。例如：Jack likes rice for lunch.So do I.特別提醒“So+主語+助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞”表示“確實如此”，表示對上文所述情況的認可和肯定。例如：Jack likes rice for lunch.So he does.3.Neither+助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞+主語表示與上文中所述否定情況相同。例如：Peter has never been to Japan.Neither have I.4.以副詞開頭的倒裝句以here，there，out，in，down，away等表示方位的副詞開頭的句子中，如果主語是名詞，要用倒裝句。謂語動詞的形式由倒

18、裝句句尾的主語決定。例如：There comes the bus.Here are the results of the test.1._? It's cloudy. A.What's the weatherB.What was the weather likeC.How's the weather likeD.How is the weather2. does Linda want to be when she grows up?A tennis player like Li Na.A.How B.WhenC.What D.Where3._ me an e-mail

19、before you come to Hangzhou.I'll meet you at the airport.A.SendingB.To sendC.SendsD.Send4.There_ too much rubbish and waste by the side of the road.A.areB.isC.hasD.have5.Help me collect these books,_ ?A.are youB.will youC.shall youD.do you6. weather it is！We can go boating on the Dongchang Lake.

20、A.How badB.How goodC.What goodD.What bad7. interesting the film is!Yes.I have seen it twice.A.What B.HowC.What anD.How an8.Mum, must I go shopping with you?No, you .You can watch the film Monster Hunt with your brothers.A.needn't B.can'tC.shouldn't D.mustn't9. do you like Huo Zun'

21、;s “Roll of Bead Curtain”?Very much.You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful rhythm.A.Why B.HowC.WhenD.What10. The radio says it will rain next Sunday. .We're going for a picnic that day.A.I hope it will B.I'm afraid not C.I don't think so D.I hope not11.It is rain

22、ing hard.You_ go out.A.had better notB.had better not toC.had not betterD.not had better 12. do the children take art lessons a week?Three or four times.A.How long B.How many times C.How soon D.How often13._ smoke here, dad.Smoking has been banned(禁止) in public places.Sorry, I promise I_ .A.Not; wil

23、lB.Don't; won'tC.Don't; don'tD.Not; won't 14. He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes. man he is!A.What a smartB.How smartC.What a stupidD.How stupid15.We failed in the singing competition._.Better times are waiting for you.A.Well done B.Best wishesC.Cheer upD.Good

24、job16. If you go for a picnic, .A.won't;so will I B.won't;so I will C.don't;neither will I D.don't;neither I will17. are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition，Amy?To learn about different styles of school uniforms.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhyD.Which18.Mona has never been to Disneyland, ha

25、s she? ._.She's been there twice with her parents.A.No, she hasn'tB.Yes, she hasC.No, she hasD.Yes, she hasn't19.Sorry sir，I've made so many mistakes in this paper.It's OK. .This paper is very difficult.A.So have other studentsB.So do other studentsC.Neither do other studentsD.Ne

26、ither have other students20. role she played in the movie！That's why she has a lot of fans.A.How interestingB.How an interestingC.What interestingD.What an interesting21.Gina has made great progress this term. and .A.So she has; so have you B.So she has ;so you haveC.So has she; so you have D.So

27、 has she; so have you22. ，Emma?I need help.What should I buy for my mother's birthday?A.How's it goingB.What's onC.What's upD.How's your mother23.Do you like a small, medium or large pizza?.A.I'd like a medium pizzaB.Yes, I likeC.I'd like some cheese on itD.I want buy som

28、e24.It's very hot in the room! the door open? A.Why don't keepB.Why don't to keepC.Why not keepD.Why not you to keep25.I'm not going swimming this afternoon. . I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A.So am IB.So I amC.Neither am ID.Neither I am26.My grandpa is used to living in t

29、he city. .A.So my grandpa isB.So is my grandpaC.So my grandpa didD.So my grandpa does27.Remember to write down your name on the paper. .A.Never mind B.With pleasureC.Sure,I will D.That's all right 28. can you hand in your homework, Tim?In about ten minutes, Mr.Hans.A.How longB.How soonC.How ofte

30、nD.How far29.Only by practising a few hours every day be able to become a pianist one day.A.you canB.can youC.will youD.you will 30. I don't think they would believe her， ?A.do I B.would theyC.wouldn't theyD.should I1.(2018·濱州) _ convenient it is to live in China!Yes, we've got WeCh

31、at, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.A.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How2.(2018·福建) _ does Liu Chuanjian do?He's a pilot of Sichuan Airlines.He's a hero!A.What B.WhereC.WhenD.Which3.(2018·安順) There is little money for Mr.Lee to buy a ticket for today's show,_ ?Exactly!A.are thereB.isn't th

32、ereC.aren't thereD.is there4.(2018·恩施) _, or you won't do well in your lessons.OK.I will.A.Hard work B.Work hardC.Don't work hard D.Hard-working5.(2018·南京) _ is it from the Children's Palace to Nanjing South Railway Station, Tom?About 10 minutes' ride by bus.A.How soonB

33、.How longC.How farD.How much6.(2018·重慶)_ me a chance and I'll bring you a surprise.A.Give B.GivingC.Gives D.To give七年級上冊：Unit 5:We go to the same school and we love soccer.Unit 6:I like ice-cream.but I don't eat it.七年級下冊：Unit 5:Why don't you like tigers? Because they're really s

34、cary.八年級上冊： Unit 3:Tina thinks she works harder than me.Unit 10:What will happen if they have the party today?八年級下冊：Unit 4:He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.Unit 5:While Linda was sleeping ,Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.Unit 6:Because they were so big that it

35、took a long time to walk to the other side.He cannot turn himself into a man unless he can hide his tail.九年級：Unit 2:I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.Unit 3:Could you tell us when the band starts playing this evening?Unit 9:

36、She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.一、并列句并列句由并列連詞連接的兩個或多個簡單句構成。(一)表示聯(lián)合關系的并列句 常用的連詞有and (同，和)，when(= and just at this time 就在這時，然后)， not only.but (also).(不僅而且),neither.nor.(既不也不)等。例如：He helps me and I help him.他幫我，我?guī)退?。He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study

37、English.他不僅給我們提出很多建議，而且?guī)椭覀儗W英語。I was just leaving when the telephone rang.我正要離開，電話鈴響了。注：when表示“就在此時”，主要用于 was/were doing sth. when sth./sb.did sth.;was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did sth.等句型中，表示“就在某人或某物正在或正要做某事時，突然發(fā)生了另一件事”。(二)表示選擇關系的并列句常用的連詞有or (或者，否則),otherwise (否則),or else(否則),either.or (不是

38、就是) 。例如：Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.快點兒，否則你就會遲到了。Will he still be there or will he have gone away?他還在那里還是已經(jīng)走了？You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.你得早點兒走，否則就錯過公共汽車了。Either Tom or his sisters are coming.不是湯姆就是他的姐妹們要來。(三)表示轉折關系的并列句常用的連詞有 but(但是，可是),while(而，卻),yet(可是) 等。 例如：It

39、never rains but it pours.禍不單行。I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜歡喝茶而她喜歡喝咖啡。She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.她說她會遲到，但卻準時到達了。此外，副詞still (仍然)，however (然而)也表示轉折關系。例如：He is good-natured; still I don't like him.他脾氣很好,可是我還是不喜歡他。The book is expensive; however, it's worth it.這本書很

40、貴，卻很值。注意： but, while 不與 although 連用，但 yet, still 可與 although 連用。Although she felt ill, she still went to work.她雖然感覺不舒服，但仍然去上班。(四)表示因果關系的并列句常用的連詞有 for (因為)和 so (所以，因此)等。例如：I am thirsty, for it is hot.我口渴，因為天氣太熱。The manager was ill so I went in her place.經(jīng)理病了，所以我代她去。注意： so 不與 because 連用。二、復合句復合句由一個主句和

41、一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨立存在；從句則是一個句子成分，不能獨立存在,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個句子一樣。不同之處在于從句須由一個關聯(lián)詞引導。初中英語教材中涉及的復合句主要有狀語從句、賓語從句和定語從句。其他諸如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等形式的復合句盡管在教材中出現(xiàn)，但在中考中沒有被列為重點考查范圍。(一)狀語從句1.時間狀語從句(1)當主句是一般將來時或祈使句，表示將來的意義時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時，簡稱“主將從現(xiàn)”。例如：If he doesn't come by 12，we will set off without him.(2)whe

42、n引導的時間狀語從句，通常表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生；before表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前；after則表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后；as引導時間狀語從句時，往往表示主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生，不分先后。例如：When she comes，I'll tell her to wait for you.It will be four days before they come back.After we had finished the work，we went home.As he explored the town，he took a lot of pictures.特

43、別提醒when，while與as引導時間狀語從句的區(qū)別 when，while和as引導的從句都可以使用延續(xù)性動詞，但是when和as都可以與非延續(xù)性動詞連用，而while則不能。例如：He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading.(reading是延續(xù)性動詞，連詞可以用when，while，as。)It was raining hard when/as we arrived.(arrived是非延續(xù)性動詞，連詞只可以用when和as。) when可以表示瞬間、時間段，從句與主句所敘述的動作、事情可同時發(fā)生，也可有先后。例如：I thought of i

44、t just when you opened your mouth.(前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生。)I will go home when he comes back.(從句動作在前，主句動作在后。) as表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生，不能表示先后發(fā)生。例如：As I left the house，I forgot the key.(前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生，與第點when的第一種用法相同。)(3)until/till引導的時間狀語從句主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句用肯定形式，表示這一動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間為止。例如：He waited for her until/till 6

45、 o'clock.(wait的動作持續(xù)到6 o'clock。)主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞時，用否定形式表示主句的動作直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生，構成not.until(not有時可用never，nothing等表示否定意義的詞替換)。例如：I can not go home until Friday.(go home的動作從Friday開始才發(fā)生。)(4)since引導的時間狀語從句，表示“自以來”，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。例如：He has been in Shanghai since he was born.2.原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句

46、通常由because，since，as引導，它們所表示的語氣由because到as逐漸減弱，由why提出的問題用because來回答。例如：I didn't go surfing because it was too cold.(2)如果狀語從句所表示的原因是人們已知的事實，就要用since，意為“既然”。例如：Since you can't answer the question，you can ask someone else for help.(3)as 引導原因狀語從句表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”。例如：As it is raining，you'd bett

47、er take a taxi.(4)for引導的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補充說明。for引導的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后，并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。例如：He could not have seen me，for I was not there.3.條件狀語從句(1)主句為一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：I'll visit the Great Wall if it doesn't rain tomorrow.I won't pass the exam unless I study hard.(2)如果if引導的條件狀語從

48、句所表示的前提或條件將來可以實現(xiàn)或正在進行，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時或進行時，主句通常用一般將來時。例如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.4.目的狀語從句(1)引導目的狀語從句的詞或短語有so，so that，in order that等，謂語中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would 等情態(tài)動詞。例如：You should talk to him so that you can say you're sorry.(2)當從句主語與主句主語一致時，可用so as to，in

49、 order to。例如：We'll sit near the front so that we can hear the speaker better.=We'll sit near the front so as to hear the speaker better.5.結果狀語從句(1)引導結果狀語從句的詞有“so.that.”和“such.that.”，二者的區(qū)別是：so +形容詞或副詞+that。例如：She is so lovely that we love her very much.so +形容詞+a/an +單數(shù)名詞+that。例如：She is so lov

50、ely a girl that we love her very much.such +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that。例如：She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.such+形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+that。例如：They are such fine teachers that we all respect them.such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that。例如：It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.特別提醒當名詞前面有many或much修飾時

51、，用so而不用such。例如：Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.(2) “so.that.”的否定式可以用“too.to”或“not.enough to”代替。例如：He is so young that he can't go to school.= He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.(二)賓語從句在復合句中，由一個句子充當賓語的句子叫“賓語從句”。1.引導賓語從句的常見關聯(lián)詞有th

52、at，if，whether，what，who，where，why和 how等。2.賓語從句的考點：(1)時態(tài)主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用相應時態(tài)(從句時態(tài)可以與主句時態(tài)不同)。例如：Mary thinks that the teams were just fantastic.主句是過去時，從句使用過去的某種時態(tài)。例如：He told me that he would take part in the high jump.從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，不管主句使用什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：He told me that the earth goes around the

53、 sun.(2)語序賓語從句的語序一般使用陳述語序，即“主語+謂語”。例如：Do you know what Kate's e-mail address is?(3)連接詞that在從句中只起連接作用時可以省略。例如：He told us (that) she was a good girl.(that可省略。)特別提醒that在以下情況下不可省略：當賓語從句的主語是that時。例如：He says that that is a useful book.當賓語從句中含有主從復合句時。例如：I'm afraid that if you don't study hard，y

54、ou will fail the exam.當兩個或多個賓語從句由并列連詞連接時，除第一個從句中的that可以省略外，其余從句中的that都不可以省略。例如：He said (that) the play was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.(第1個that可省略，第2個that不可省略。)(三)定語從句在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫“定語從句”。定語從句通常置于它修飾的名詞或代詞之后，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫“先行詞”。例如：Carmen likes musicians who play differe

55、nt kinds of music.(who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞musicians。)1.關系代詞(1)that：一般情況下，that既可以指人，也可以指物，可以代替who，whom和which在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。例如：I love movies that are funny.(2)which：指物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞及介詞的賓語。例如：The story which he told was very interesting.特別提醒關系代詞that和which的區(qū)別：只能使用that的情況：a.當先行詞是nothing，something，anything，all，ea

56、ch等不定代詞時。例如：Do you have anything that is important to tell me?b.當先行詞被all，any，some，no，not，every，each等修飾時。例如：I have some books that are very good.c.當先行詞前有the only，the very，the last，the next等詞修飾時。例如：This is the only book that I can find.d.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。例如：This is the first book that I bought myself.e.當主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時。例如：Which is the bike that you lost?f.當先行詞既有人也有物時。例如：I won't forget th