新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語(第二版)綜合教程2 Unit 5 A篇練習(xí)答案及課文翻譯

1、.ContentsActive Reading 1.Couch Potato: Life as a Full-time Television WatcherListen to the audio clip and give explanations to the following terms.Warming Up1 couch potato2 mouse potato3 cabin fever4 nesting/cocooning5 leave the nest6 empty nest/empty nesterScripts.Check your answers.Warming Up1 co

2、uch potato2 mouse potato3 cabin feversomeone who likes to spend a lot of time sitting or lying down while watching televisionsomeone who enjoys working on a computer as much as a couch potato enjoys watching television boredom and restlessness people experience if they spend too much time inside the

3、ir homes.Warming Up4 nesting / cocooning5 leave the nest6 empty nest / empty nesterthe way that some people enjoy spending a lot of time in their homes to make them nice places to liveWhen children are grown, they are in college, or they are married and starting families of their own far away from t

4、heir parents houses.When children leave the nest, their parents are living alone without children in their empty houses. .ScriptsSome unusual words describe how a person spends his or her time. For example, someone who likes to spend a lot of time sitting or lying down while watching television is s

5、ometimes called a “couch potato”. A couch is a piece of furniture that people sit on while watching television. Robert Armstrong, an artist from California, developed the term couch potato in 1976. Several years later, he listed the term as a trademark with the United Statesgovernment. Mister Armstr

6、ong also helped write a funny book about life as a full-time television watcher. It is called the Official Couch Potato Handbook.Warming Up.Warming UpCouch potatoes enjoy watching television just as “mouse potatoes” enjoy working on computers. A computer mouse is the device that moves the pointer, o

7、r cursor, on a computer screen. The description of mouse potato became popular in 1993. American writer Alice Kahn is said to have invented the term to describe young people who spend a lot of time using computers.Too much time inside the house using a computer or watching television can cause someo

8、ne to get “cabin fever”. A cabin is a simple house usually built far away from the city. People go to a cabin to relax and enjoy quiet time. .Cabin fever is not really a disease. However, people can experience boredom and restlessness if they spend too much time inside their homes. This is especiall

9、y true during the winter when it is too cold or snowy to do things outside. Often children get cabin fever if they cannot go outside to play. So do their parents. This happens when there is so much snow that schools and even offices and stores are closed. Some people enjoy spending a lot of time in

10、their homes to make them nice places to live. This is called “nesting” or “cocooning”. Birds build nests out of sticks to hold their eggs and baby birds. Warming Up.Some insects build cocoons around themselves for protection while they grow and change. Nests and cocoons provide security for wildlife

11、. So people like the idea of nests and cocoons, too.The terms cocooning and nesting became popular more than 20 years ago. They describe people buying their first homes and filling them with many things. These people then had children. Now these children are grown and have “l(fā)eft the nest”. They are

12、in college. Or they are married and starting families of their own far away. Now these parents are living alone without children in their “empty nest”. They have become “empty nesters”.Warming Up.TextLeisure inactivities or how to relax and do nothingAbout the textGo to the text.Textthe evolution of

13、 leisure activitieswhen people had no much free timein the Victorian timeno leisure activitiesfootball, rugby, cricket, bird-watching in the 1990sin the 21st centurybeing a couch potatobeing a mouse potatoAbout the text.Textcouch potatoWho wants to be a couch potato?How to become a couch potato?What

14、 are mouse potatoes?What do mouse potatoes usually do?Who oppose the term couch potato and why?What are the risks for couch potatoes?What are possible for more adventurous mouse potatoes?mouse potato.Leisure inactivities or how to relax and do nothing1 Centuries ago people didnt have much free time,

15、 because everyone was working too hard. In Britain in the 19th century, people had more time off, but the Victorians thought relaxing and doing nothing was a sin. So to avoid temptation, they invented football, rugby and cricket. People took up more gentle leisure activities like bird-watching, gard

16、ening and trainspotting, and it was even possible simply to watch a sport and give the impression that you were actually doing something useful.Text.2 One instance of this is cricket, which is a peculiar game with weird rules, where nothing happens for five days, at the end of which the players ofte

17、n decide to call it a draw. And everyone, players and spectators, feel perfectly fulfilled by this non-event. Its a good example of what we can now call a leisure inactivity. 3 Gradually over the years, leisure inactivities have involved even less interaction. In the 1990s a new leisure creature evo

18、lved, one who thinks that lying on the sofa watching sport or DVDs on the television is the most exciting inactivity they can manage. This is the couch potato.Text.4 So who wants to be a couch potato? Well, as a matter of fact, many people do, and for understandable reasons. Maybe its your one day o

19、ff in the week. Maybe you just got back from work or school. Maybe youre tired and just want to chill. For the couch potato, every activity is too much trouble, and laziness is an art form.5 How do you become a couch potato? Its easy. Sit down in a comfortable place, such as a reclining chair, a bea

20、nbag or . you knew it was coming . a couch. Dont sit on a potato. Make sure you have everything you need, snacks (especially potato chips no serious couch potato would eat anything else), drinks, magazines and a telly.Text.6 The most important piece of equipment is of course, the remote control. Wit

21、hout the freedom to change channel without moving from the couch, no couch potato would be worthy of the name. In fact, watching TV without a remote control becomes dangerously like physical exercise, and probably should be avoided.7 Now just start watching the telly. Change channels every ten secon

22、ds, and then move on. Dont be too keen, try not to get too interested in anything, because that risks your status as a couch potato. (Remember that you have the attention span of a Maris Piper.) Finally, ask other people to do things for you, like get more food, or rent a movie. But be nice to them!

23、 If you arent nice, youll probably have to do it yourself.Text.8 But with every new fashion, theres a reaction. British farmers were recently reported by the BBC to be angry at the use of the expression couch potato, because it was damaging the vegetables image. Potatoes are inherently healthy, says

24、 the British Potato Council, and is organizing protests to demand the removal of couch potato from the Oxford English Dictionary.9 So there you are! Couch potatoes are healthy.Text.10 Of course, for the true couch potato, there are inherent risks. Perhaps the greatest of these results from the lack

25、of exercise, and is referred to by professional couch potatoes as telly belly. Some, however, see their telly belly as a mark of their dedication to their leisure inactivity, and wear it proudly over the top of their trousers. (Interestingly, this is a highly fashionable style known as a muffin top.

26、 Find out why next time youre in Starbucks.)Text.11 But times move on, and in the 21st century we now have a version of the couch potato specially for the online activities on the computer. This is called the mouse potato. A mouse potato spends excessive amounts of time in front of a computer monito

27、r, with the same lack of interest in the outside world as their older cousin, the couch potato. Mouse potatoes are addicted to online gaming with other fellow tubers around the world. In fact, leaving the computer not only seems pointless but also risks a threat by some rival mouse potato in a brigh

28、ter time zone across the world. For time off, they usually perform extensive Internet searches or participate in online chat rooms, leaving ill-informed and badly spelt opinions around the virtual world, and generally insulting ones intelligence.Text.12For the more adventurous mouse potatoes, you ca

29、n even travel the world and visit countries you might otherwise never see by going to CouchPotatotravel. com. You can also find out how much time you spend on your computer by logging the distance your mouse travels. These are called mouse miles, and who knows, maybe one day you can exchange them fo

30、r more potato chips at all good computer stores.13So with a minimum of effort you too can have your own leisure inactivity. Become a couch potato! Earn that telly belly! Train hard as a mouse potato, and earn mouse miles. Get started today. Theres so much time, and so little to do.Text.Text閑暇無為閑暇無為或

31、如何歇著無所事事或如何歇著無所事事1 數(shù)百年前，人們沒有多少空閑時(shí)間，因?yàn)槿巳硕荚谛量鄤谧鳌Ｔ?9 世紀(jì)的英國，人們有了較多閑暇，可是維多利亞時(shí)代的人認(rèn)為歇著無所事事是一種罪過。于是為了避免誘惑，他們發(fā)明了足球、橄欖球和板球。人們開始從事更溫和的休閑活動，如觀鳥、園藝、收集火車頭號碼。他們甚至可能只是觀看一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動，給人一種有事可做的印象。.Text2 其中一個例子是板球。這是一種規(guī)則怪異的奇特游戲，如果五天之內(nèi)毫無進(jìn)展，玩家往往就會決定雙方戰(zhàn)平。而無論是玩家還是觀眾，人人都對這毫無結(jié)果的比賽感到心滿意足。這是個我們現(xiàn)在可以稱之為閑暇無為的好例子。 3 近年來，閑暇無為中的互動逐漸變得更少了。在

32、20 世紀(jì)90 年代，一個新的休閑物種進(jìn)化成功，它認(rèn)為躺在沙發(fā)上看電視體育節(jié)目或數(shù)碼影碟是它們能做到的最令人興奮的無為了。這就是沙發(fā)土豆。.Text4 那么，誰想當(dāng)沙發(fā)土豆呢？好吧，事實(shí)上，許多人都想，理由也是可以理解的。也許今天你休息，也許你剛下班或放學(xué)。也許你累了，只想放松。對沙發(fā)土豆來說，任何活動都太麻煩，懶散是一門藝術(shù)。5 怎樣才能變成沙發(fā)土豆呢？那很容易。在一個舒適的地方坐下，例如一張?zhí)梢?、一個豆袋或你知道接下來就是一張沙發(fā)?？蓜e坐在土豆上。確保你擁有所需的一切：零食（尤其是土豆片嚴(yán)肅的沙發(fā)土豆不會吃別的）、飲料、雜志和電視。.Text6 最重要的裝備當(dāng)然是遙控器了。沒有無需離開沙發(fā)

33、就能換頻道的自由，沙發(fā)土豆就配不上這個稱號。事實(shí)上，沒有遙控器看電視有變成近似體育鍛煉的危險(xiǎn)，或許是應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的。7 現(xiàn)在，就開始看電視吧。每隔十秒鐘換一次頻道，然后繼續(xù)換。別太用心，盡量不要對任何節(jié)目太感興趣，因?yàn)檫@會威脅到你的沙發(fā)土豆身份。（記住，你的注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間只有瑪麗斯 派鉑馬鈴薯的那么長。）最后，要讓別人幫你做事，如拿更多食物，或租影碟。但是對他們態(tài)度要好！如果你態(tài)度不好，你就很可能得親自動手了。.Text8 但是，對于每種新時(shí)尚，都會有反對者。英國廣播公司最近報(bào)道，英國農(nóng)民對“沙發(fā)土豆”這一叫法感到憤怒，因?yàn)樗鼣牧送炼沟男蜗?。英國土豆協(xié)會稱，土豆是天然有益于健康的，他們將要組織抗

34、議活動，要求把“沙發(fā)土豆”一詞從牛津英語詞典中刪除。9 你瞧我沒說錯吧！沙發(fā)土豆是健康的。.Text10 當(dāng)然，對于真正的沙發(fā)土豆來說，固有的危險(xiǎn)還是有的。也許最大的危險(xiǎn)來自缺乏鍛煉，其后果便是被專業(yè)沙發(fā)土豆稱為電視肚。然而，有些人則視自己的電視肚為專注閑暇無為的標(biāo)志，驕傲地把它系在褲腰之上。（有趣的是，這是一種極為時(shí)尚的穿法，叫做松糕頂。下次泡星巴克的時(shí)候去弄明白為什么吧。） .Text 11 可是時(shí)間在推移，到了21 世紀(jì)，我們現(xiàn)在又有了沙發(fā)土豆的翻版，特指電腦在線活動。這叫做鼠標(biāo)土豆。鼠標(biāo)土豆在電腦顯示器前面花費(fèi)太多的時(shí)間，和他們的表兄沙發(fā)土豆一樣缺乏對外界的興趣。鼠標(biāo)土豆癡迷于與世界各

35、地的塊莖同伴玩在線游戲。事實(shí)上，離開電腦不僅毫無意義， 而且會使你受到世界上較亮?xí)r區(qū)的鼠標(biāo)土豆對手的威脅。休息期間，他們通常在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行廣泛搜索或加入在線聊天室，在虛擬世界到處留下缺乏見識和拼寫拙劣的意見，一般來說是對人家智力的污辱。.Text 12 對于更具冒險(xiǎn)精神的鼠標(biāo)土豆來說，你甚至可以登錄沙發(fā)土豆旅游網(wǎng)站，去周游世界，造訪列國，如果沒有該網(wǎng)站你可能永遠(yuǎn)也去不了這些地方。通過記錄你的鼠標(biāo)旅行的距離，你還可以算出你在電腦上花了多少時(shí)間。這叫做鼠標(biāo)英里數(shù)，或許將來的某一天，在所有好的電腦商店里你可以拿它換更多的土豆片。13 就這樣，費(fèi)最小的勁，你也可以擁有自己的閑暇無為。變成一個沙發(fā)土豆吧

36、！養(yǎng)一個那樣的電視肚吧！作為鼠標(biāo)土豆刻苦訓(xùn)練，掙鼠標(biāo)英里數(shù)吧。今天就開始吧。時(shí)間那么多，而要做的事情卻那么少。.Words & Phrases.Words & Phrases.leisure n. U 1. ( time) the time when you are not working or not busy 空閑；閑暇e.g. I have no leisure time for playing cards. 我沒有閑暇玩牌。2. activities that you do to relax or enjoy yourself 消遣；娛樂e.g. 1. The leis

37、ure industry is now an important part of the economy. 現(xiàn)在休閑娛樂行業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個重要組成部分。2. My busy schedule leaves little time for leisure. 我的日程安排得滿滿的，幾乎沒有時(shí)間娛樂。Word family: leisurely a. Words & Phrases.inactivity n. U the state of not taking part in physical activity or exercise 不活動；無活力e.g. 1. After days of

38、inactivity, the enemy finally showed its teeth by a frontal attack on our position. 幾天沒動靜之后，敵人終于兇猛地向我們的陣地發(fā)動了正面進(jìn)攻。2. It is better to wear oneself out with hard work than to become feeble through laziness and inactivity. 與其銹壞，不如用壞；與其閑死，不如忙死。Antonym: activity Word family: active a. Words & Phrases.

39、Words & Phrasessin n.1. sing an action or way of behaving that you think is morally wrong（道德上的）罪惡；罪過e.g. Its a sin to waste food. 浪費(fèi)食品是一種罪過。2. C, U an action, thought, or way of behaving that is wrong according to religious laws（宗教上的）罪；罪孽e.g. 1. Catholics go to confession to purge their souls of

40、 sin. 天主教徒透過告解以凈化靈魂。2. Do you know the seven deadly sins? 你知道七宗罪嗎？Word family: sinful a. .temptation n. C, U a strong feeling of wanting to have or do sth., especially sth. that is bad for you（尤指壞的）誘惑，引誘 e.g.1. Keep your valuables locked away so as not to put temptation in the way of thieves. 鎖好你的貴重

41、物品免得招來盜賊。2. He found it hard to resist the temptation to open the letter. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難擋住誘惑不去打開那封信。3. Our holiday camp, cool in summer and warm in winter, brings an irresistible temptation to you. 本度假村冬暖夏涼，帶給您擋不住的誘惑。 Word family: tempt v. Words & Phrases.rugby n. U a game played by two teams of players

42、with a ball shaped like an egg. Goals are scored by kicking the ball over a high bar, and points called tries are scored by putting the ball behind the goal line. 英式橄欖球e.g. Rugby players must be rugged. 橄欖球運(yùn)動員必須健壯。 Words & Phrases.Words & Phrasescricket n.1. U a game played by two teams of 1

43、1 players who get points by hitting a ball with a bat and running between two sets of sticks called stumps. Someone who plays this sport is called a cricketer 板球（運(yùn)動） The traditional form of cricket as stated did last a very long time and winning was not regarded as especially important. The idea was

44、 that playing itself was a sufficient reason it is a fulfillment. Modern versions of cricket are shorter and more competitive.e.g. Cricket is very popular in England. 板球在英國很流行。.2. C a small brown insect that moves by jumping and makes a loud noise by rubbing its front wings together 蟋蟀e.g. Insects c

45、alled silkworms spin silk. Bees make honey and crickets make music with their feet. 蠶能吐絲，蜂能釀蜜。而蟋蟀能用它們的腳奏出美妙的音樂。Words & Phrases.trainspotting n. U the activity of watching trains and writing down their numbers and names 觀察火車并寫下火車號碼和名稱e.g. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, trainspotting

46、is the hobby of hanging around beside railway lines and taking careful note of the details of the trains that go by. 根據(jù)牛津英語詞典的說法，猜火車是指一種在鐵軌邊晃蕩、仔細(xì)記下來往列車細(xì)節(jié)的愛好。Word family: trainspotter n.Words & Phrases.instance n. C an example of sth. happening 例子；事例；實(shí)例e.g. 1. They came across many instances of d

47、iscrimination. 他們遇到很多歧視的事例。2. The study cites disturbing instances of water pollution in this neighbourhood. 這項(xiàng)研究援引了該地區(qū)令人震驚的水污染為證。 for instance e.g. There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, for instance, training lions. 有些工作比開卡車還要危險(xiǎn)，例如馴獅。Words & Phrases.peculiar a.1. strange, often in a

48、n unpleasant way 古怪的；怪異的；乖僻的e.g. 1. Could you perceive that something is peculiar? 你能覺察出事情有些不對頭嗎？2. His accent was a peculiar mixture of Cockney and American. 他的口音是倫敦腔和美國腔混合成的奇怪腔調(diào)。2. especially true or typical of a particular person, thing, or situation 特別的；獨(dú)特的e.g. These are the customs peculiar to

49、the Americans. 這些是美國人所特有的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。Word family: peculiarity n.Words & Phrases.fulfil vt. (also fulfill)1. ( a dream / ambition / aim) to achieve sth. you wanted to do, or get sth. you hoped for 實(shí)現(xiàn)；達(dá)到e.g. 1. Does your job fulfil your expectations? 你的工作符合你的預(yù)想嗎?2. Visiting Disneyland fulfilled his boyho

50、od dream. 游玩迪斯尼樂園實(shí)現(xiàn)了他童年的夢想。3. He wouldnt be able to fulfil his ambition to visit Naples. 他將無法實(shí)現(xiàn)游覽那不勒斯的愿望。Words & Phrases.2. ( a function / role / purpose) to do a particular job, or have a particular purpose 做（某工作）；起（作用）e.g. 1. Both the seaway and the landway would continue to fulfil vital funct

51、ions. 海路和陸路都將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮重要的功能。2. Both parties shall fulfil their respective contract obligation. 簽約雙方都應(yīng)履行各自的合同義務(wù)。See also: fulfilled a.Words & Phrases.fulfilled a. happy and satisfied, especially because you are doing sth. important or using your abilities 滿足的；有成就感的e.g. 1. The director felt fulfilled w

52、hen he saw his film was a success. 導(dǎo)演看到自己的電影成功，覺得很有成就感。 2. Adult education helps people achieve more fulfilled lives. 成人教育可以讓生活更加充實(shí)。Word family: fulfilling a. fulfillment n.See also: fulfilWords & Phrases.involve vt.1. to include sth. as a necessary part of an activity, event, or situation （作為必要

53、的部分）包含，需要e.g.1. Being a teacher involves giving his knowledge to his students. 當(dāng)老師需要把他的知識教授給他的學(xué)生。2. Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance. 每天我們每個人作出的決定都包含碰運(yùn)氣的成分。Words & Phrases.Words & Phrases2. to include or affect sb. or sth. in an important way 牽涉；牽連e.g. 1. The

54、se changes will involve everyone on the staff. 這些變化將涉及每一位職員。2. I saw an accident involving a coach and two cars on the way to school. 去學(xué)校的路上，我目睹了一起涉及一輛長途汽車和兩輛轎車的事故。.Choose the best answer:1. Putting in a new window will _ cutting away part of the roof. (CET4-2000-06) A. containB. comprise C. include

55、D. involve2. Not long ago, a person whom I know very well was _ an accident. (CET4-1988-06) A. related toB. involved in C. included inD. subjected toWords & PhrasesDB.interaction n. C, U 1. ( with / between) the activity of being with and talking to other people, and the way that people react to

56、 each other 互動；交流e.g. What is her interaction with her boss like? 她跟老板相互配合得怎么樣？2. ( of / between) the process by which different things affect each other or change each other 相互影響；相互作用e.g. We must pay special attention to the complex interaction between animals and their environment. 我們必須特別關(guān)注動物與生存環(huán)境

57、之間復(fù)雜的相互作用。Word family: interact v. Words & Phrases.evolve vi. 1. when a type of plant or animal evolves, its physical form changes over a long period of time （生物）進(jìn)化； 演變e.g. These unique plants evolved undisturbed for millions of years. 這些獨(dú)特的植物在沒有干擾的情況下經(jīng)歷了數(shù)百萬年的進(jìn)化。2. to gradually change and develo

58、p over a period of time 逐漸發(fā)展；演化e.g. Language is constantly and gradually evolving. 語言在不斷逐漸地發(fā)展。Word family: evolution n. Words & Phrases.couch potato n. C (infml) sb. who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television 老泡在電視機(jī)前的人e.g. My father becomes a couch potato during football season. 在足

59、球賽季我的父親成天坐在沙發(fā)上看電視。Words & Phrases.understandable a.1. normal and reasonable in a particular situation 可理解的；正常的；合情理的e.g. Its quite understandable that she was annoyed. 她被惹惱了，這很能理解。2. clear and easy to understand 清楚易懂的e.g. 1. Though his accent was strange, the words were perfectly understandable.

60、盡管他口音怪，但說的話很好懂。2. Warning notices must be readily understandable. 警示通知必須明白易懂。Word family: understand v. understandably ad.Words & Phrases.chill 1. vi. (infml) to relax and stop being angry or nervous, or spend time relaxing 放松一下e.g. I spent the afternoon chilling out in front of the TV. 我一下午都坐在電視機(jī)前放松自己。2. v. if you chill food or drink, or if it chills, it becomes cold enough to be ready to eat or