2018考研英語必背詞匯(二)

1、加微信ky20172018獲取更多免費資料（真題講解視頻和MP3）2018考研英語必背詞匯（二）11 The European Commission said that it had carried out“unannounced inspections” at big oil and biofuel companies, including Shell, BP, Norways Statoil, as well as at Platts, the worlds leading price-reporting agency.歐盟委員會聲稱已經(jīng)對大型的石油和生物燃料公司展開“抽檢”，包括殼牌石油

2、公司，英國石油公司，挪威國家石油公司，以及全球領(lǐng)先的報價機構(gòu)，普氏能源資訊。commission n. 委員會；犯（罪） v. 委任；委托【構(gòu)詞】com+miss(=send/cast,送,放出,派,錯過)+ion【近】council n. 委員會；理事會【詞組】in commission 服役中 shell n. 殼v. 去殼；剝落【派生】shellless a. 無殼的【近】crust n. 面包皮；硬外殼【詞組】shell out 付款；交予 leading a. 前列的；主要的 agency n. 機構(gòu)；代理；（政府的）局、處【構(gòu)詞】ag(=do/act,做,代理做)+ency【近】d

3、epartment n. 部門；系；知識范圍 （Business this week/May 18, 2013）12 Charities who find Section 501(c)(3)s restrictions hamper their advocacy, often create a (c)(4) affiliate to pursue their lobbying agenda.認(rèn)為（美國國內(nèi)稅收法）501(c)(3)免稅條款的限制條件（501(c)(3)定義的組織禁止參加與公職選舉有關(guān)的政治活動）妨礙了其政治主張的慈善機構(gòu)，常常會創(chuàng)造出一個符合501(c)(4)類型的隸屬組織來從

4、事他們的游說活動。section n. 款；部件；階層【構(gòu)詞】sect(=cut/divide,切、割)+ion)affiliate n. 隸屬的機構(gòu) v. 使附屬；接納【派生】affiliative a. 有親和力的lobby v. 對進行游說；陳情 n. 門廳；休息室；游說團【 派生】lobbyist n. 說客agenda n. 日常工作事項；議事日程【構(gòu)詞】ag(=do/act, 做,代理做)+enda【近】programme n. 計劃；程序【詞組】set the agenda 制定議程 (The IRS scandal:How can you tell a charity from

5、 a political front? May 20, 2013)13 Too often, airline staff at the boarding gate run lax regimes, allowing the most aggressive and (literally) pushy travellers to skip to the front of the line, play dumb about which groups have been called, and board before more rule-abiding types, who are all too

6、often left to gate check their bags.登機口處的航空公司工作人員往往管理松懈，他們會讓那些好斗的或者（簡直）莽撞的游客插到隊伍最前面，對于已經(jīng)被叫到的群體裝聾作啞，而讓那些更守規(guī)矩的游客較晚登機，這些游客經(jīng)常被留在機艙門口就地檢查他們的行李。aggressive a. 好斗的；有進取心的【構(gòu)詞】ag+gress(=go/walk,行走,步)+ive【派生】aggressively ad. 侵略地；有闖勁地【近】militant a. 好戰(zhàn)的 literally ad. 簡直，差不多；逐字地；真正地 dumb a. 啞的；沉默的【派生】dumbly ad. 默默

7、地；無言地【近】mute a. 啞的；沉默的【詞組】dumb down 降低的難度(A reward for packing light/May 20, 2013)14 To add to the alarm, the authorities intercepted two letters, one addressed to Barack Obama and another to Roger Wicker, a senator, which appeared to contain ricin, a lethal poison.更令人驚慌的是，美國當(dāng)局?jǐn)r截了兩封郵件，一封是寄給總統(tǒng)巴拉克

8、3;奧巴馬，另一封是寄給參議員羅杰·維克爾，兩封郵件中似乎含有一種致命毒藥蓖麻毒素。alarm n. 驚恐；警報 v. 使驚恐【構(gòu)詞】al+arm(=weapon,武器,臂)【派生】alarmingly ad. 驚人地；讓人擔(dān)憂地【近】shock n. 震動；休克 address v. 寄往，寄給；對發(fā)表演說 n. 地址【構(gòu)詞】ad+dress(=direct,直接的,指引)【派生】addresser n. 發(fā)信人；發(fā)言人 contain v. 包含；容納；遏制【構(gòu)詞】con+tain(=hold,拿住,支撐)【派生】containable a. 可容納的；可控制的【近】includ

9、e v. 包含，包括 poison n. 毒藥 v. 使中毒；在中放毒【派生】poisoner n. 投毒者【習(xí)語】Whats your poison? （非正式）想喝點什么？(The Boston bomb/Apr 20, 2013)15 Building national loyalty is especially vital in wartime, when enemies must be demonised and loyal citizens alternately comforted, alarmed and exhorted to sacrifice.戰(zhàn)爭時期，建立人們對國家的忠

10、誠格外重要，一方面必須將敵人妖魔化；另一方面得安撫忠誠的市民，使他們具有憂患意識，隨時準(zhǔn)備為國捐軀。vital a. 至關(guān)重要的；必不可少的；生機勃勃的【構(gòu)詞】vit(=life,生命)+al【派生】vitally ad. 極其；緊要地【近】fundamental a. 基本的；根本的 loyal a. 忠誠的；忠貞的【派生】loyally ad. 忠誠地；誠實地【近】constant a. 永恒的；忠實的【詞組】be loyal to 忠于 alternate a. 輪流的，交替的v. 使交替【派生】alternately ad. 交替地，輪流地【近】interchange v. 交換；互換

11、 sacrifice v. 犧牲；獻祭【構(gòu)詞】sacri(=holy,神圣)+fice【詞組】at a sacrifice 虧本，蝕本（出售）（Propaganda at the British Library：Read between the lines/May 20, 2013）16 Nevertheless, opposition parties sought prosecution for the PRI officials involved, and were mollified only when Mr Pea agreed to amend the pact, after hav

12、ing at first shrugged off the scandal. 然而，反對黨檢舉了參與此事的墨西哥革命制度黨官員，在墨西哥總統(tǒng)佩尼亞先生擺脫丑聞事件，并同意修改條約之后，這一事件才得以平息。involve v. 使參與；包含；牽涉【構(gòu)詞】in+volv(=roll/turn,轉(zhuǎn),卷)+e【詞組】involve in 卷入，參加 pact n. 條約；公約【近】treaty n. 條約；協(xié)議 shrug v. 聳肩 n. 聳肩【詞組】shrug off 擺脫；抖去scandal n. 丑聞；流言蜚語；恥辱【反】praise n. 贊詞；稱贊【詞組】be the scandal of

13、 引起的反感；激起的憤慨(The PRIs long tail/May 11, 2013)17 To address this difficulty, our analysis controlled for a wide array of worker characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, and college major.為解決這一難題，我們的分析涵蓋了一系列廣泛的工人特點，例如年齡、性別、婚姻狀況和大學(xué)所學(xué)專業(yè)。array n. 一系列，大量；排列 v. 排列【詞組】an array of 一排；一群；一批charac

14、teristic n. 特點，特征 a. （品質(zhì)、特點）顯著的【構(gòu)詞】charact(特性,品質(zhì))+eristic【派生】characteristically ad. 典型地【近】quality n. 質(zhì)量；特性，特征 marital a. 婚姻的；夫婦間的【派生】maritally ad. 婚姻上作為夫婦【近】married a. 已婚的；婚姻的status n. 狀態(tài)，情形；地位；身份【構(gòu)詞】stat(=stand,站,立)+us【近】condition n. 情況；狀態(tài)(Do Big Cities Help College Graduates Find Better Jobs? May

15、20, 2013)18 Research published in the Public Library of Science on April 15th estimates that half the Tamiflu (an antiviral drug made by Roche) prescribed in England at the time of the H1N1 outbreak went unused, based on an analysis of traces of the drug in sewage.4月15日公共科學(xué)圖書館所公布的研究表明，甲型H1N1流感病毒爆發(fā)時英

16、國所開出的處方藥特敏福（一種由瑞士羅氏制藥企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的抗病毒藥物），有一半從未使用，這一數(shù)據(jù)基于對下水道中藥物的追蹤分析。prescribe v. 開處方；指定，規(guī)定【構(gòu)詞】pre+scrib(=write,寫)+e【派生】prescriber n. 處方者；建議者 outbreak n. 爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生；暴動【構(gòu)詞】out(出去,外面)+break【近】outburst n. 爆發(fā)；破裂 analysis n. 分析；分解；梗概【反】synthesis n. 綜合；合成【詞組】in the last analysis 歸根結(jié)底，說到底trace n. 蹤跡，痕跡 v. 追蹤；追溯【派生】tra

17、ceability n. 可追溯性；追蹤能力【詞組】trace back to 追溯到；追究到(An ounce of prevention/Apr 20, 2013)19 He annoyed Saudi Arabia by patenting the result (though gene patents are a controversial area anywaysee “Natural justice” at the end of this section).他取得這一研究結(jié)果的專利權(quán)使沙特阿拉伯十分惱怒（盡管基因?qū)＠麩o論如何仍是一個有爭議的領(lǐng)域見本版最后自然正義一文。）annoy

18、v. 使惱怒；打擾；令人討厭【派生】annoyer n. 煩惱物【近】disturb v. 妨礙；使煩惱 gene n. 基因；遺傳因子 controversial a. 有爭議的；爭論的【派生】controversially ad. 頗有爭議地【近】disputable a. 有討論余地的justice n. 正義；公正；司法制度【派生】justiceship n. 法官的地位，職權(quán)【近】impartiality n. 公平；公正【詞組】in justice to 為對公平起見(An ounce of prevention/Apr 20, 2013)20 He seems to have counted on a German-Swiss agreement that would have kept such account holders anonymous while settling their back taxes through transfers between the governments. 他原本指望在德國和瑞士之間的稅務(wù)協(xié)議生效后，可以通過兩國政府移交欠繳稅款之機，繳清欠稅以保賬戶持有者信息免于公開。holder n. 持有者；盛放器【近】owner n. 所有者，物主 anonymous a. 匿名的；不記名的【構(gòu)詞】an+onym(=nam