危險警告標志使用指南

1、3M China危險警告標志使用指南Introduction簡介Hazard warning labels are an important part of the health and safety controls provided on equipment to warn personnel of potential hazards associated with the equipment. Hazard warning labels should be used when hazards have not been eliminated from equipment through

2、other means (e.g., a complete enclosure of the hazard to prevent exposure) and the potential for exposure to the hazards is still present. This applies both to hazards which can be present at all times during normal operating conditions and hazards which may be present only during specific condition

3、s. Hazard warning labels should be used for the variety of hazards that can be present in equipment including the following:§ Electrical § Moving parts§ Chemical§ Hot surfaces§ Non-ionizing radiation§ Lasers危險警告標志是設備所能提供的健康及安全控制措施的重要組成部分之一，它能警告人們與設備伴隨的潛在隱患。危險警告標志應用于通過其他

4、手段不能完全消除設備隱患，并且仍存在有接觸這些隱患的可能的情況下。這包括這些隱患會在整個正常操作條件下出現(xiàn)以及只會在特定條件下出現(xiàn)兩種情況。 危險警告標志應用于下列會在設備中存在的不同隱患：l 電l 移動部件l 化學品l 高溫表面l 非電離輻射l 激光The selection of the specific labels to be used will depend on the types of hazards present in the equipment.應根據(jù)出現(xiàn)在設備中的隱患的種類來選擇所應采用的危險警告標志的類型。This guide will address four bas

5、ic issues related to the use of hazard warninglabels:本指南將說明使用危險警告標志的四個基本問題： When are labels required? 什么時候需要使用危險警告標志？Where should the labels be placed? 危險警告標志應放在什么地方？What format is required? 需要使用什么樣的格式？Examples of Warning Labels 危險警告標志范例When are Labels Required?什么時候需要使用危險警告標志？ In general, labels are

6、 not an acceptable substitute for removing or controlling the hazard to safe levels with engineering controls. Labels should be provided as an additional warning when exposure to a hazard is possible during operations, maintenance or service, or other uses of the equipment. As an example, if a maint

7、enance task requires removing a guard which provides protection against moving parts, the guard should be labeled because of the potential for injury from the moving parts. In this case, the hazard is only present when the guard is removed. If a hazard is present at all times during normal operating

8、 conditions, the portion of the equipment where the hazard is present should be labeled. 總體而言，在消除或控制隱患的安全水平方面， 危險警告標志并不是工程控制的一種可接受的替代品。危險警告標志應用于在操作、維修、維護或其他使用設備過程中可能會接觸隱患的一種附加的警告。例如， 如果一項維修任務需要移開一個安全防護罩，而這個安全防護罩會保護某一移動部件，那么這個安全防護罩就應該加上危險警告標志，因為這一移動部件可能會造成傷害。在這個例子中，隱患只是在安全防護罩被移開以后才會出現(xiàn)。如果某一隱患在正常操作過程中會

9、一直存在的話，存在隱患的設備部分就應該予以標示。Where Should Labels Be Placed?危險警告標志應放在什么地方？If a guard or barrier is used to provide protection against a hazard, the labels should be placed on the barrier, guard, cover or part that must be opened or removed to gain access to the hazard. If there are several layers of barri

10、ers (e.g., outer skin and interior guard), the label should be placed on the last barrier to be removed before reaching the hazardous area. Some examples of this are listed below:§ Electrical panel access cover or door. The label should be placed on the panel cover or door which would allow exp

11、osure to electrical hazards when opened,§ A guard over a moving parts hazard. The label should be placed on the last guard or cover which must be removed in order to access the moving parts,如果某一防護罩或柵欄用于保護某一危險，危險警告標志就應該放在這些必須打開或移開后才會接觸到隱患的柵欄、防護罩或部件上。如果柵欄有幾層（例如外殼和內(nèi)部防護罩），危險警告標志應放置在接觸到危險區(qū)域之前所應移開的最后

12、一層柵欄上。以下是一些這樣的例子：l 配電盤蓋板或門。危險警告標志應放在打開后就會導致接觸電能危險的蓋板或門上。l 某一移動部件上的防護罩。危險警告標志應放在接觸到移動部件之前必須移開的隨后一層防護罩或蓋板上。Where equipment contains hazardous or potentially hazardous materials (e.g.chemicals, lasers, X-ray sources, a warning label should be placed on theoutside of the equipment to indicate the hazard

13、(s) contained within. 如果設備內(nèi)貯存有危險的或潛在危險的物質(zhì)（例如：化學品、激光、X射線），危險警告標志應放在設備的外表面以注明所存在的隱患。The label should be placed on the equipment where it is most likely to be noticed by personnel who will be working with the equipment and could be exposed to the hazard. This should take into account the following:危險警告

14、標志應防止在設備上最容易被使用該設備并可能會接觸隱患的人注意的地方。這需要從以下幾個方面考慮：§ Direction from which personnel will approach the area of the equipment where the hazard is present. If access is only possible from the rear of the equipment, the label should be placed on the rear of the equipment where personnel will work or ac

15、cess the equipment,§ 人接近設備危險區(qū)域部位的方向。如果人只能從設備的后面接近設備，那么危險警告標志就應放在設備后面人進行操作或接近設備的地方。§ Posture of the person when removing the guard or performing tasks that involve the potential for exposure. If a task requires that a person sit on the ground in order to remove a guard or cover, the label s

16、hould be placed on the guard or cover where it would be easily seen when sitting on the ground or when approaching the equipment for this task.§ 人移開防護罩或進行可能接觸隱患操作時的姿勢。如果某一任務需要人坐在地上來移開防護罩或蓋板，危險警告標志就應放在人坐在地上時容易看見的地方。If the hazard is present in the equipment at all times during normal operating co

17、nditions, the label should be placed in an area where it can easily be seen by personnel working with the equipment and near the location of the hazard. This should take into account the location where personnel will be when working with the equipment. Thus, if the hazard can be accessed from both f

18、ront and back, labels will be needed for both the front and rear of the equipment.如果某一隱患會在設備的正常操作過程中一直存在，危險警告標志就應該放在危險源附近并容易被操作人員看見的地方。這需要考慮操作設備時人的位置。因此，如果某一隱患從設備的前面和后面都可以接觸到，那么設備的前面和后面就都應該有危險警告標志。What Format is Required?需要什么樣的格式？The basic format requires three levels of information and formatting:

19、§ A pictogram / graphic showing what the hazard is,§ A signal word (Danger, Warning, Caution) based upon the hazard level, § Text describing the hazard, the potential hazardous outcome and the precautions to avoid the hazard所有危險警告標志的基本格式至少應包括以下三個層次的信息和格式：l 一個能表明隱患是什么的象形圖l 一個表明隱患級別的信號文

20、字（危險、警告、注意）l 一段描述隱患、潛在的危險后果以及避免危險的防范措施的文字。The definitions of the signal words are summarized below:§ CAUTION: The hazard may result in minor or moderate injury. § WARNING: A potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, couldresult in death or serious injury.§ DANGER: An immi

21、nent hazard which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.以下總結(jié)了信號文字的定義：l 注意：隱患可能會導致較小的或中等的傷害。l 警告：如果不預防，可能會出現(xiàn)導致死亡或嚴重傷害的危險情況。l 危險：如果不預防，肯定回導致死亡或嚴重傷害的隱患。As an example, the format for an electrical hazard warning label would be the following:§ Pictogram: Picture of electrical symbo

22、l § Signal Word Warning§ Text: Hazardous VoltageContact May Cause Electric Shock or BurnTurn off and lock out system before servicing例如，一個電能隱患的危險警告標志應包括以下內(nèi)容：l 象形圖： 電力標志的圖形l 信號文字： 警告l 文字： 危險高壓 直接接觸或?qū)е码姄艋蜃苽?維護前應關(guān)閉并鎖閉系統(tǒng)Hazardous warning labels format:危害警告標志格式：信號文字Signal words文本Text象形圖Pictogra

23、mSize 尺寸：Large 大250mm*392mmMedium 中200mm*313mmSmall 小150mm*235mmExamples of Warning Labels危險警告標志范例For example:例如：易燃化學品存儲區(qū)域禁止煙火Flammable chemical storage areaNo burning 高壓危險有觸電和起火危險操作前關(guān)閉并鎖定系統(tǒng)電源Hazardous voltageRisk of electric shock or burnTurn off and lock out system power before servicing 移動部件會造成壓傷

24、和割傷與手保持距離禁止移開防護罩進行操作Moving parts can crush and cutKeep hands clearDo NOT operate with guard removedSignal words信號文字Pictogram象形圖Fire Protection消防類 滅火器 消防水帶 消防手動啟動器 發(fā)聲警報器Fire extinguisher Fire hose Manual activating device Fire alarm 滅火設備 消防梯 擊碎板面Fire-fighting equipment Fire ladder Break to obtain acc

25、essProhibition 禁止類 禁止用水滅火 禁止吸煙 禁止煙火 禁止帶火種No watering to put out the fire No smoking No burning No matches 禁止阻塞 禁止鎖閉 禁止放易燃物 禁止飲用No obstructing No locking No flammable materials No drinking 禁止戴手套 禁止穿化纖服 禁止啟動 禁止合閘No putting on gloves No putting on No starting No switching on chemical fibre clothings 禁止轉(zhuǎn)動 禁止觸摸 禁止攀登 禁止停留No turning No touching No climbing No stopping 禁止通行 禁止鏟車通行 禁止入內(nèi) 禁止使用移動電話No thoroughfare No forklift No entry No mobile phone 禁止靠近 禁止乘人 禁止拍照 禁止鳴笛No nearing No riding No taking pictures No trumping Warning 警告類 當心觸電 當心燙傷 當心凍傷 當心鏟