醫(yī)學(xué)院校碩士研究生英語(yǔ)讀與寫(xiě)Unit 11

1、醫(yī)學(xué)院校碩士研究生英語(yǔ)讀與寫(xiě)中國(guó)人民大學(xué)出版社English for Master Students in Medical UniversitiesChina Renmin University Press教材總主編 盧鳳香主編： 張海萍 張華君 殷紅梅 編者： 閔 楠 蘇 萍 任 雁 鄭守志 劉 娟 謝 瑜課件制作主編： 鄭守志 劉 娟課件制作參與人：張海萍 張華君 盧鳳香課件審閱人： 美籍專(zhuān)家James BoultonUnit 11 Text A Someone who Believed in Them Helped Them to Recover Outline Background i

2、nformation to Text AAnalysis of the textGlobal analysis of the textAnalysis of the text structureSummary of the textReference answers to the exercisesBackground information to Text A1) Introduction to the authorDaniel B. Fisher, M.D. from George Washington University Medical School in 1976，Ph.D. in

3、biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1968 and an A.B. in Biology from Princeton University in 1965. Background information to Text A1) Introduction to the authorDr. Fisher is a staff psychiatrist at Riverside Community Mental Health Center in Wakefield, Massachusetts. He has worked as a

4、board-certified psychiatrist for 25 years in a variety of inpatient and community settings such as a state hospital, day care centers, outpatient clinics, and elderly housing. He was Medical Director for a community mental health center for 12 years.Background information to Text A1) Introduction to

5、 the authorHe also is a Co-Director of the National Empowerment Center in Lawrence, Massachusetts; a consumer-run Research, Training, and Information Center, which he helped found in 1992. Based on their research, he and Co-Director Laurie Ahern have developed the Empowerment Model of Recovery. They

6、 also have designed a training program based on the empowerment model, called the Personal Assistance in Community Existence, PACE/Recovery Program. Background information to Text A1) Introduction to the authorThe purpose of the PACE/Recovery Program is to inspire and educate the mental health syste

7、m and the public to view mental illness in a positive light, and to help all involved in these crises to understand that through hope, self-determination, and believing in the person, people can recover. Dr. Fisher has brought their message of recovery to the public through print, television and rad

8、io news. Background information to Text A2) Introduction to the topicMental illness is the second leading cause of disability in the United States and mental disorders affect one in five Americans according to the first-ever Surgeon Generals report on mental health released in December 1999. However

9、, mental illness is shrouded in such shame that many people neglect the issue. As a result, people labeled with mental illnesses face great stigma and discrimination. Although research has given us tremendous knowledge about the brain and new medications and mental health services have improved nowa

10、days, the most basic and important elements to recovery from mental illness is trust according to the author of this article. Background information to Text A2) Introduction to the topicDr. Daniel Fisher, the author illustrates his point with his own experiences as well as the experiences of those w

11、ho have significantly recovered from mental illness. According to Dr. Fisher, people with a mental illness need close relationships with others in order to promote their recovery. Background information to Text A3）Related background information A. YodaYoda, the ancient and revered Jedi Master, lived

12、 his final years hiding on the swamp planet of Dagobah. Nine hundred years old, Yoda had trained Jedi for eight centuries, and was very powerful in the Force. Among his last pupils were the most important (and reckless) Jedi in recent history, Obi-Wan Kenobi and Luke Skywalker. Background informatio

13、n to Text A3）Related background information A. YodaIn the waning days of the Republic, Yoda was a respected senior member of the Jedi Council. Serving alongside such luminaries as Mace Windu and Ki-Adi-Mundi, Yoda was present during the turbulent events that would eventually unravel the centuries-ol

14、d Republic and seal the fate of the Jedi order. Background information to Text A3）Related background information A. YodaYoda served an important role in the Jedi Council. When young Padawans began their first foray into Jedi training, they did so under Yodas guidance. Many of the Republics greatest

15、Jedi trained under Yoda when they were children - schooled in groupings called clans. Once the Jedi hopefuls grew older, approaching their teenage years, they would then be paired to an elder Jedi Knight or Master to continue training one-on-one. Background information to Text A3）Related background

16、information A. YodaThe pall of the dark side fell over the Republic during its twilight years, and Yoda grew increasingly concerned. The emergence of the dark side created a disturbance in the Force strong enough to cloud the Jedis insights into important matters. Sensing the grave uncertainty of th

17、e future, Yoda recognized the need for answers. The Jedi Council dispatched Obi-Wan Kenobi to investigate an assassination attempt apparently carried out by Separatist forces. What he found was all the more troubling. Background information to Text A3）Related background information A. YodaAn entire

18、clone army had been secretly created for the Republic, by decree of a late Jedi, Sifo-Dyas. None in the Council knew of this development, nor had they foreseen it. Further investigation revealed that the Separatists were gearing up for war. Count Dooku, one of Yodas former Padawans, was consolidatin

19、g a military force out of the droid armies of the commerce guilds. Something needed to be done. Background information to Text A3）Related background information A. YodaSupreme Chancellor Palpatine, newly granted emergency powers, took possession of the Clone Army, and ordered the Jedi into action. Y

20、oda voyaged to the distant world of Kamino to gather the newly created Republic Military, and arrived on Geonosis to rescue the survivors of an ill-fated Jedi taskforce. Background information to Text A3）Related background information A. YodaAs Republic clones engaged Separatist droids, the Clone Wa

21、rs began. Yoda, acting as general, oversaw the battle from the forward command center. The clones handily defeated the Separatists on Geonosis, but many escaped. Yoda followed his instincts to a darkened hangar where Count Dooku had grievously wounded Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker. Background

22、information to Text A3）Related background informationB. Carl Rogers (1902-1987)A great writer, a real pleasure to read. The most complete statement of his theory is in Client-centered Therapy (1951). Two collections of essays are very interesting: On Becoming a Person (1961) and A Way of Being (1980

23、). Finally, theres a nice collection of his work in The Carl Rogers Reader, edited by Kirschenbaum and Henderson (1989). Background information to Text A3）Related background informationC. Martin Buber (1878-1965)An Austrian-Israeli-Jewish philosopher, translator, and educator, whose work centered on

24、 theistic ideals of religious consciousness, interpersonal relations, and community. Bubers evocative, sometimes poetic writing style has marked the major themes in his work: the retelling of Hasidic tales, Biblical commentary and metaphysical dialogue. Background information to Text A3）Related back

25、ground informationC. Martin Buber (1878-1965)A cultural Zionist, Buber was active in the Jewish and educational communities of Germany and Israel. He was also a staunch supporter of a bi-national solution in Palestine, instead of a two-state solution, and after the establishment of the Jewish state

26、of Israel, of a regional federation of Israel and Arab states. His influence extends across the humanities, particularly in the fields of social psychology, social philosophy, and religious existentialism.Analysis of the text 1) He was the first person I encountered out of the ordeal that actually h

27、ad some sort of feeling. （Paragraph 1） When I fell into difficulties, he was the first to show me that he cared.Structure: that clause modifies “the first person” Analysis of the text 2) Dont let them get their way（Paragraph 1）get ones way: to get or do what one wants in spite of oppositionExample:

28、Parents should not let only children always get their way. Analysis of the text 3) There was a knowing in their eyes that I saw that said I see you and I really believe in you, someone that carried me, somehow that encouraged me to not fall backwards. （Paragraph 2）I could see from their eyes that th

29、ey really believed in me and that they would always be by my side and hold me from falling back.Structure: “that I saw and “that said I see you” both modify “a knowing” as attributive clauses.Analysis of the text 4) Recently he described a priceless moment with a consumer/survivor, Eric, which every

30、one else had written off. （Paragraph 3）written off: to decide that somebody or something is useless, unimportant or a failure.Example: We have written off the project as a non starter. Analysis of the text 5) For many years he would only listen to heavy metal which Jim felt he needed to listen to be

31、cause it was needed to drown out his painful thoughts. Now Eric is able to listen to soft rock and folk. （Paragraph 4）drown out: to prevent a sound from being heard by making a loud noise.Example: The street was so crowded that no matter how hard he tried his voice was drowned out by the traffic. An

32、alysis of the text 6) Then they will present more and more of themselves to you.“ （Paragraph 5）Then they will show more of their feelings to you.Analysis of the text 7) Such an elusively simple description of the beauty he weaves. （Paragraph 5）The description of Jims relationship with his patients i

33、s deceptively simple. In actuality his attitude has deep significance to his patients and their recovery. Through his work (the weaving) the product (the relationship with his patients) is beautiful, like the weaver of a beautiful carpet. Analysis of the text 8) Jims manner reminds me deeply of the

34、contact I yearned for and occasionally found in my own journey to recover my own lost self. (Paragraph 6) yearn for: have a strong desire for, especially something that is difficult to get.Example: Everyone is yearning for the weather to change after the long bitter winter. Analysis of the text 9) W

35、hen I asked how he felt about my attending a group with another therapist. He said he trusted that I knew what I needed to heal. (Paragraph 6) When I asked him about my further treatment with another therapist, he told me that he believed that I could make the right decision and that I knew what kin

36、d of treatment I needed.Analysis of the text 10) Equally compelling is the centering and spiritual renewal coming for the person who does the believing in another. (Paragraph 7) People that believe in and help others experience a personal spiritual and mental renewal of their own through the act of

37、stepping away from their own problems and caring about another person. compelling: powerful Analysis of the text 11) She clearly had a new light in her eye. (Paragraph 7)She began to understand the meaning and purpose of life in a particular way which can obviously be seen in her eyes.Analysis of th

38、e text 11) She clearly had a new light in her eye. (Paragraph 7)in a new light: if someone or something is seen or shown in a new and different light, you begin to understand them in a particular way .Example: The new discoveries provide much new information and I began to understand the origin of t

39、he Universe in a new light. Analysis of the text 12) He stated that “the safety of being liked and prized as a person seems a highly important element in a helping relationship.” （Paragraph 8）It is very important for people to have a sense of safety from being liked and prized in a helping relations

40、hip.Analysis of the text 13) I can recognize in him the person he has been created to become. （Paragraph 8）I am able to know his native potential qualities.Analysis of the text 14) When someone is labeled with mental illness, it is as if all that has been learned to be helpful in therapy is thrown o

41、ut. （Paragraph 9） It seems as if all of the treatment that was given in order to help a patient feel normal was in vain if the patient has been diagnosed as mentally ill. Analysis of the text 15) Our lived experiences speak otherwise. （Paragraph 9）Our experiences in life show just the opposite resul

42、t.Otherwise: to say something is different from what has been mentioned.Example: The government claims that the situation in Iraq is improving but this survey suggests otherwise.Analysis of the text 16) We who have been labeled with mental illness, remain just as human if not more so than others who

43、 are temporarily not labeled. （Paragraph 10）Compared with those who are currently considered as normal, people considered as mentally ill have at least equivalent human feelings and behaviors. Analysis of the text 17) These relationships need to be nurtured and cultivated for us to find the compass

44、of our true self to guide our recovery. （Paragraph 10）We should encourage and develop these relationships so as to be in a proper position to recover from mental illness.Analysis of the text 18) Any system of care which disturbs or interferes with these relationships is preventing, not promoting rec

45、overy. （Paragraph 10）Any treatment that disturbs or interferes with these relationships jeopardizes the process of recovery.Global analysis of the textMedication and treatment can bring patients back to a normal life. However, for those who are suffering from mental illness, trust and encouragement

46、can work a miracle. Trust from their doctors and nurses can put a sparkle into their lives and encourage them not to fall back. Encouragement from doctors, nurses and friends, either in action or in words, brings psychological help, and helps the patients more than medication and medical treatment.

47、Analysis of the text structure The text falls into three parts: Part I Paragraphs 16 demonstrate through examples that people can significantly recover from mental illness if they can be helped by someone who trusts them. Part II Paragraphs 78 further illustrate that the people who trust and help ot

48、hers will also receive centering and spiritual renewal. Part III Paragraphs 910 point out that people often do not want to communicate with mentally ill patients as equals and do not trust these patients. This can jeopardize the process of recovery. Summary of the text The text mainly illustrates th

49、e most effective way of treating people labeled with mental illness. It begins with the viewpoint that mentally ill people can significantly recover from the mental illness if they are helped by someone who believes in them. Trust encourages patients to build a close relationship with someone else a

50、nd ultimately rescues them from their distressing circumstances. Summary of the text The author has successfully proved this point through his descriptions of patient experiences. Additionally, not only the one being helped, but also the one who is willing to be of help can benefit from such attitud

51、es. The research of Carl Rogers and Martin Buber serve as very good support for this concept. We, as well as the patients labeled with mental illness, have the same basic need for a trusting, loving and caring relationship which requires development and improvement. Any system of care that disturbs or interferes wit