新探索研究生英語讀寫教程

1、Unit OneAnswer KeyComprehensionADIt contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue pure.The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that the mind boggles at what the worl

2、d might face. That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.BIt refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the America

3、ns viewpoint.CThe Kings English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here lingo mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign UsagesForeign varieties of English are very different from the

4、original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.BThe author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging y

5、ourself3. revolutionary ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for womens diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficienc

6、y of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12 14 oclock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (wit

7、h possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/impli

8、es that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA 1-b 2-d 3-f 4j 5I 6-hB1. sensitive 2. list 3. prevalent4. deficiency 5. withheld 6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sens

9、itive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation

10、 C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative 2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury 4. D. remains5. A. accepted 6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language 2. associates 3. in-laws 4.

11、 total5. responds 6. swell 7. Hardly 8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)Translation and Writing在過去，當探險者或商人們走出家園到外面的世界去尋找新的領地、市場或原材料資源時，他們通常與跟他們打交道的當?shù)厝苏f的不是同一種語言。遇到這種情況時，他們一般采取以

12、下三種方法之一來對付，呂口：(1)外來人學習說當?shù)刂魅说恼Z言(或反之)，(2)他們使用當?shù)刈鳛橘Q(mào)易用的第三種語言，或(3)產(chǎn)生一種新的語言這種語言是由使用者的不同母語的一些成分合成的。在說不同語言的人群中用來作為他們共同的交際工具的語言叫混合語(交際語)。這個名稱是由在地中海地區(qū)使用的中世紀時的貿(mào)易語言派生而來的。這種貿(mào)易語言主要基于日耳曼語(意大利語、法語和西班牙語)，但也包括了一些希臘語、阿拉伯語和土耳其語的成分。在當今世界，將英語稱為最主要的交際語是合適的，因為英語是大部分說不同語言的人的交際工具。B1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to t

13、he target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come

14、 up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the pr

15、oduct or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will

16、 take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.Reading Practice1.F 2.T 3. F 4.T5.T 6.F 7. F 8.TUnit TwoAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. i People have different opinions about lies

17、but they dont differ much in defining what truth is. ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention.2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not a lie. ii Almost everyone lies.3. i All lies are evil and harmful

18、 so they should be avoided. ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures.5. The statement means that when one grows up, one m

19、ay have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the listener or a third party and to benefit the liar 3

20、) those that dont tell the whole truth (Some information may be left unsaid.) 4) those that are told with no intention of being kept 5) those that are told to deceive oneself7. (Open)8. B9. Because it prevents one from realizing ones shortcomings and improving oneself.10. Different cultures may have

21、 different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs.B1. People cannot make sound judgement about .because we have not told them the truth.

22、We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often dont, (This is what ones moral beliefs are com

23、pared with.)This realizati&n may make you take a skeptical attitude towards your moral beliefs. It refers to the realization and them refers to moral beliefs. Because they dont appear to be true.3. Many of the lies are told within government circles. For example, a person may lie to the government,

24、or a government official may lie to the public, which falls into the category oflittle white lie. Here, the author is critical of the government because he thinks one personslittle white lieis another persons dirty lie4. In the United States, people do not often tell all the truth in their income ta

25、x reports, which is considered an unquestionable lie by the government. Because people feel the government already takes too much of their earnigns.5. Some advertisers and politicians often make false promises, which ruin the reputation of other advertisers and politicians. It is implied here that s

26、ome false promises are fairly harmless, but others are taken more seriously and can hurt the listener/receiver.6. We have to be realistic about our dreams and ambitions on one hand and deceiving/tricking ourselves on the other. If we are not, we cant recognize the need for change, make the necessary

27、 changes, and achieve success.7. The author suggests that ifwe have not looked at our faults, we should honestly examine ourselves closely to see what we really are like. Be realistic.8. Ideas about lying vary from culture to culture. One culture may have a high opinion of truth even if it hurts, wh

28、ile another culture may consider that other peoples feelings are more important.Vocabulary and StructureA1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C6. C 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. BB1. going through 2. goes with3. in response to 4. grew up5. be having an affair with/have had an affair with 6. turn a blind eye to7. hold . toge

29、ther 8. watching for9. in comparison 10. draw a line betweenC1. A. what is 2. A. than have3. D. it 4. D. ignored5. C. go 6. D. would he be7. C. objected to 8. C. though9. D. to say something 10. C. to his feetD1. to 2. than 3. expressing 4. always5. relief 6. But 7. persuaded 8. cracked9. accident 1

30、0. in turn 11. recalJ 12. the13. times 14. exchanged 15. uncovered 16. solution17. nor 18. others 19. mind 20. leaveSpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA 那些常常說謊又沒有充足理由的人被稱為病態(tài)說謊者。他們會對任何事情說謊。他們似乎無法控制說謊的；中動。對這些人的研究表明，他們中很多人小時候受過虐待或者來自有酗酒或有精神病家屬史的家庭；也有不少人在他們生長的家庭里，真話得不到尊重，沒有人說真話。他們似乎比常人更加強烈地需要得到別人的愛不口別

31、人的尊重。但事實上，他們中并非每個人都無法控制自己說謊的欲望。沒人能說清為什么有些人能克制說謊而有些入?yún)s無法克制說謊。病態(tài)的說謊者往往沒有親近的或長期維持的私人關系。他們非常謹慎，通常不介紹自己的熟人相互認識以免他們將聽到的東西進行比較。 * * * * * * * * * * * * 通常，北美國家的父母告誡他們的孩子說謊是壞事，他們不應該說謊。如果說謊，他們應該感到內(nèi)疚。在歐美文化中，對一個說謊孩子的傳統(tǒng)懲罰是用肥皂清洗他的嘴巴。然而通過他們自己的行為，父母也會告訴孩子，在某些情況下，大多數(shù)人確實也會說謊。因此孩子在這種雙重教育下長大他們偶爾也會說謊，但是他們會感到內(nèi)疚，并且不想讓別人知道

32、他們已說了謊。B1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies

33、 from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t-re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he lik

34、es and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasnt my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment

35、insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.Reading Practice1.B 2. D 3.A 4. C 5. DUnit ThreeAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. E2. The numbers means the relatively small number of people competing for a given job. The author thinks that due to the lower birth

36、 rate, there are less workers aVailabLe in the job market and therefore more job opportunities are available to young people today.3. They have a gloomy view of the present world. 1) They have been exposed to murder and other types of violence and some other negative events on TV. 2) Many have been

37、brought up in single-parent families and the emotional upheaval and conflict have had a negative effect on their value and self-worth. 3) Many feel their chances of finding the job and salary they want are bleak4. They will spend more time with their kids and care about them more.5. No. Because they

38、 want to save their money so that they can live better when they do leave.6. The parents attitude: loyalty and commitment to the workplace slave away and show their dedication to the company The youths attitude: They dont want to wait around and pay their dues when there is no long-term commitment f

39、rom the top. There is life after work. They will often leave a job at the hint of a better position.7. Generation Xers watched their grandparents slave away only to receive a gold watch and pension upon retirement. Their parents dedication to the company has been repaid with downsizing and layoffs.

40、They feel there is no such thing as job security. They dont want to commit themselves to their work when there is no long-term commitment from the top. There is more to life than work.8. They will have better family values, get things done quickly, shorten the workweek, and create systems that will

41、allow intrapreneurs.9. No. Because technology will enable people to be more productive. In addition, Xers dislike of bureaucracy and a desire to solve problems will quickly improve productivity.10. He intends to tell us about Xers potential entrepreneurship.11. D. Because Generation X has evolved in

42、 dramatically different ways from previous generations and may have dramatically different ways to improve society.B1. negative view of the world less loyalty and commitment keep options open stay at home longer eager to get noticed unrealistic and materialistic views gett/ng things done fast better

43、 family values shorter work week greater entrepreneurship2. Becoming successful socially and financially or moving into the upper social echelon.3. It is implied that their thirty years dedication to their company was not acknowledged and cherished. In fact, they were dismissed without anything.4. B

44、ecause they were neglected in their families and classrooms.5. Because they would like their world to be filled with good-looking people, dressed in the latest fashions, with lots of money and prestige, and who dont have to work too hard. They desire instant gratification and expect a whole lot for

45、nothing.6. McJobs are poorly-paid entry level jobs which have no power. They are not the kind of iobs Xers would want.7. Be able to solve the problem themselves without dealing with bureaucracy.8. Because many of them have an independent, individualistic nature and Like to be left alone to solve pro

46、blems.9. It means fostering innovation and being creative.10. If we listen to what Generation Xers will say, we may understand thern better, and also find they have some very beneficial things to offer.Vocabulary and StructureA1.B 2. C 3.A 4. D 5. B6. D 7. A 8.A 9.D 10. AB1. was referred to as 2. ta

47、ke on 3. waiting around4. piled up 5. jump ship 6. teamed up with7. look upon 8. on their own 9. cleaned out10. slaving awayC1. A. what 2. C. paying for3. D. one 4. A. By5. C. seeks 6. C. impaired7. B. it is 8. C. hardly anything9. A. There is 10. D. itsD1. grew 2. plant 3. see4. inherit 5. debt 6.

48、Among7. likely 8. die 9. increased10. gone I I. top 12. expected13. in 14. face 15. onlySpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA 這些青年人正在確定個人與其周圍社會關系的新模式。不受上司與長輩影0向的情況反而使他們更堅定地自行其事。他們對經(jīng)歷了時間考驗的傳統(tǒng)也不在乎。例如，當今的青年夫婦拒絕向更注重表面的社會生活習俗讓步。在我們那一代，年輕的新娘們?nèi)绻皇羌易∶麉^(qū)，如果他們家的餐具不夠高雅，她們則會咆嘗其苦。那時青年人對于有影響的社會關系、部隊中的官職、有名的俱樂部成員身

49、份都十分敏感。然而這一代人卻堅持希望別人評價他們自身的價值。我常常聽說他們小心翼翼地隱藏起出身名門的事實。他們堅持作為一個獨立的人被社會接受，這產(chǎn)生一種空前的坦誠。一位女大學生對我說：“你知道我一直都不夠誠實，我正在試圖改正”。一位退伍土兵在一個男女混合的場合，當著目瞪口呆的雙親面對大家說他在戰(zhàn)后的六個月里一直是一個“精神變態(tài)者”。這些言詞說明自由的堅固性一種屬于自己而不屬于虛偽的社會習俗的自由。B1. Unlike the young people today, we had to take on family responsibilities and help our parents wi

50、th housework when we were teenagers.2. Generation Xers take work seriously, but they disdain the workaholic, slavetothe-job mentality of their parents and bosses.3. Many young kids today can work with a variety of software programs on their own and comprehend them quickly.4. They were referred to as

51、 the Lost Generation because they were disillusioned and did not know what to do with their new liberties.5. The young people of diverse cultural backgrounds all have in common a love for the same clothing styles, music and entertainment.6. Generation X has a strong propensity for fun and enjoyment,

52、 and it is a priority for them to have a good time whether they are at work, school or home.7. Most people in China look upon their job as a career and have loyalty and commitment to the workplace.8. Young people desire to upgrade their situation and they are always jumping ship at the hint of a bet

53、ter position.9. Being spoiled by their guilt-ridden, seldom-home parents, Xers are not ready to take over in politics, education and business.10. Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to team up with their colleagues to do the research and create new products at unparalleled rates.Reading Practice1. Ho

54、w to manage Xers.2. Create conflicts.3. Because this conflicts with their independence andembarrasses them.4. Because they want very much to be stimulated.5. We should make work enjoyable.Unit FourAnswer KeyComprehensionA1. He put together the National Worldwide Universal deal and made money on an e

55、lectronics acquisition.2. The question showed that the young man thought twelve million dollars was a large sum of money to him.3. a. They have been known to every schoolboy. b. They have been shown on the covers of glossy magazines. c. They have been a committee member of important charity balls. d

56、. They have been the owners of a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue, e. They have a stretch limousine, f. They are the owners of a professional football team. g. They are the owners of a magazine and the chief columnists. h. They have made fty million dollars.4. C and D. The whole tone here is very sar

57、castic. a. corporate raiders b. real-estate sharks5, Because when the young man asked her to marry him he said he would surely amount to something but he turned out to be a nobody.6. To be famous. That he will besomebody. This could mean rich, famous or outstanding. But obviously, 12 million dollars

58、 wasn enough to qualify.7. exaggeration: Two-million-dollar co-ops are a dime a dozen. You cant buy a real magazine for chicken feed. etc. irony: He is rich and has all the trappings of being successful but its not enough for his wife. He becomes famous because of illegal behaviour, which his wife f

59、eels like he is becoming successful.8. Both.9. (Open.)10. The writer entitles his story success to satirize the idea of an American Dream which refers to fame and fortune. Actually truesuccess should not involve making a fortune and fame illegally. This story shows that success is not often such a d

60、riving force that people lose their morals in pursuit of it.B1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B5. C 6. C 7. C 8. BVocabulary and StructureA 1-f 2-c 3-a 4-h 5-g 6-e 7-b 8-d 9-j 10iB 1. corporate 2. devious 3, origins 4. estate 5. greed 6. committing 7. flattering 8. shrewd 9. Electronic 10. violatedC 1. stick by 2.