2021高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修5Unit1Greatscientists學(xué)案含解析新人教版

1、2021高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修5Unit1Greatscientists學(xué)案含解析新人教版2021高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修5Unit1Greatscientists學(xué)案含解析新人教版PAGE 2021高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一編必修5Unit1Greatscientists學(xué)案含解析新人教版Unit 1Great scientists晨背分鐘 填詞并背記A Strange DiseaseWhen the construction of the firework factory came to the stage of painting， a pump was put in. Then， all

2、 the painters in the neighbourhood were defeated by a severe disease whose characteristic was alike to that of a bad burn。An expert physician was instructed to attend to the victims and handle this case。 He was enthusiastic,_but he didnt foresee that it was a hard challenge。 After a simple enquiry，_

3、he announced that the polluted paint was to blame。 But without positive evidence， people suspected and rejected his view, saying the theory he put_forward made_no_sense. Being much more strict_with himself， he contributed himself to the case. Apart_from making enquiries, he made detailed charts and

4、analysed the data cautiously. Finally, he drew_a_scientific_conclusion，_linking the disease to the radium in the pump。 Exposed_to radium， a kind of radioactive material in the universe，_people absorbed radiation and got sick immediately。 Spinning the pump backward,_he took away the radium。 This simp

5、le movement cured all the victims。 一種奇怪的疾病當(dāng)那座煙花工廠的建設(shè)到了油漆階段時(shí)，一個(gè)水泵被安裝進(jìn)來。接著,附近的油漆工都得了一種嚴(yán)重的疾?。膊魯∮推峁?，其特征與燒傷相似.一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的內(nèi)科醫(yī)生被指定去照顧受害者并負(fù)責(zé)處理這一案例。他熱情地投入到工作中，但是卻沒有預(yù)見到這是一次艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。在簡(jiǎn)單的詢問后，他就宣布說罪魁禍?zhǔn)资鞘芪廴镜挠推幔ㄓ推釕?yīng)受責(zé)備）。但是沒有確實(shí)的證據(jù)，人們很懷疑并拒絕他的觀點(diǎn),大家都說他提出的理論毫無道理。他對(duì)自己要求更加嚴(yán)格，全身心地投入研究。除了詢問,他還制作了詳細(xì)的圖表，謹(jǐn)慎地分析各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)。最后，他終于得出了一個(gè)科學(xué)的結(jié)論

6、，把疾病和水泵中的鐳聯(lián)系起來。鐳是宇宙中的一種放射性物質(zhì),當(dāng)暴露在鐳的輻射中時(shí)，人體吸收其射線，會(huì)立刻染上疾病.他把水泵向后旋轉(zhuǎn),拿走了里面的鐳。這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)作治愈了所有的受害者。1painter （n.） 畫家；油漆匠paint （v.) 描繪;涂painting （n.） 油畫；繪畫2scientific (adj.） 科學(xué)的science （n.） 科學(xué)scientist (n。） 科學(xué)家3challenge （n.) 挑戰(zhàn) （vt。） 向挑戰(zhàn)challenging （adj.） 挑戰(zhàn)性的4pollute (vt.） 污染；敗壞polluted （adj.) 被污染的pollution

7、(n.） 污染5announce （vt。) 宣布;述說announcement (n。) 通知；宣告announcer (n.) 宣告者;廣播員6certainty (n.) 確信;確實(shí)certain (adj.) 確實(shí)的；肯定的certainly (adv。) 確定;肯定7instruct （vt。） 命令；指示;教導(dǎo)instruction (n.) 教導(dǎo)；傳授的或獲得的知識(shí)instructions （pl.） 用法說明；指示；命令8responsible （adj.) 有責(zé)任的;負(fù)責(zé)的responsibility （n.） 責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)9construct （vt。) 建設(shè)；修建const

8、ruction （n。） 建設(shè)；建筑物10cautious （adj。） 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的caution (n。） 小心;警告11reject （vt。） 拒絕；不接受；拋棄rejection （n。） 拒絕；拋棄12look into 調(diào)查13lead to 通向；導(dǎo)致14be to blame 應(yīng)受譴責(zé)；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任重點(diǎn)知識(shí)分鐘conclusion n。 結(jié)論；結(jié)局(P1)(1）單句語法填空Ive come to the _ that hes not the right person for the job.答案：conclusion（2)單句寫作最后，我想說我今天玩得非常開心。_， Id li

9、ke to say how much I have enjoyed myself today。她在演講結(jié)束時(shí)提醒我們所擔(dān)負(fù)的責(zé)任。She _ by reminding us of our responsibility.答案：In conclusionconcluded the speech（1)come_to/arrive_at/reach/draw_a conclusion 得出結(jié)論in conclusion 總而言之;最后(2）conclude v。 推斷決定conclude eq blcrc （avs4alco1(sth。from sth. 從某事中推斷出某事,from sth。 tha

10、t . 從某事中推斷,出)conclude vi. 斷定;決定conclude eq blcrc (avs4alco1(with sth。 以某事結(jié)束，by doing sth。 通過做某事結(jié)束)）attend vt。 照顧;護(hù)理；出席；參加（P2）單句寫作你如果提前告訴我的話，我就會(huì)去參加你的婚禮了。If you had told me beforehand, I _。首要任務(wù)是照顧傷者。The main thing is to _ the injured.我也許會(huì)遲到，我有一兩件事要處理。I may be lateI have got one or two things _.答案：woul

11、d have attended your weddingattend toto attend toattend school/class/church 上學(xué)/上課/去教堂attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/funeral/party 參加會(huì)議/聽演講/參加婚禮/參加葬禮/出席聚會(huì)attend to sb。 看護(hù)，照料某人attend to 處理(生意或個(gè)人事務(wù)）；接待（顧客）名師點(diǎn)津attend 側(cè)重“參加之意.attend to 作“處理講時(shí)，與do/deal with 近義；作“照顧”講時(shí)，與take care of， look after 近義。expose

12、 vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光（P2）(1)單句語法填空Some people think we shouldnt expose children to _ （play) computer games。_ (expose） to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin。If _ （expose） to the outside surroundings, theyll be stronger and better prepared for their future。答案:playingBeing exposedexposed（2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換She has

13、the courage to expose herself to the dangers。She has the courage to _ the dangers.答案：be exposed to（1）expose 。. to 。 使顯露；暴露be_exposed_to 暴露于;接觸expose sb. to sth。 使某人接觸到/體驗(yàn)?zāi)澄?2)exposed adj. 無保護(hù)的；無遮蔽的exposure n. 顯露；暴露；揭露；曝光名師點(diǎn)津及物動(dòng)詞expose后若無賓語，則常常使用它的被動(dòng)形式;在expose 。 to 。. 以及be exposed to結(jié)構(gòu)中,to為介詞，其后要用名詞、

14、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語.absorb vt。 吸收；吸引；專心于(P2）(1）單句語法填空Plants absorb carbon dioxide _ the air and moisture _ the soil.It takes a few minutes to absorb alcohol _ the bloodstream._ （absorb） in his work， he simply forgot to have supper and sleep.答案：from; fromintoAbsorbed(2)單句寫作一縷微弱的光線從墻上的小孔中透過來，他專心致志于讀書中.A weak ra

15、y of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he _。答案：was absorbed in his reading（1)absorb . from .。. 從中吸收absorb 。 into . 把吸收進(jìn)be_absorbed_into 被吞并/并入be absorbed in .。 全神貫注于（2）absorbed adj. 全神貫注的absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的名師點(diǎn)津be absorbed in （doing） sth。結(jié)構(gòu)常用其過去分詞形式absorbed in .。.在句中作狀語、定語。blame vt

16、。 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n。 過失；責(zé)備（P2)(1）單句語法填空She blamed her husband _ the failure of their marriage。She blamed the failure of their marriage _ her husband.She laid the blame _ the failure of their marriage _ her husband.答案:foronfor; on(2)用blame/charge/accuse的適當(dāng)形式填空It is obvious that you are to _ for the accident.She

17、 was said to have been _ with drunk driving。I was told that he was _ of murder.答案：blamechargedaccused（1）blame sb。 for (doing） sth. 因(做）某事而責(zé)備某人blame sth. on sb。 將某事歸咎于某人be_to_blame （for sth。） （對(duì)某事)應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任;該受責(zé)備（2)accept/shoulder/take the blame for .。 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)；為承擔(dān)責(zé)任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb。 將某事歸咎于某人名師

18、點(diǎn)津（1)be to blame為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，因此不能再用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。eq blc rc(avs4alco1（2accuse sb。 of doing sth。，charge sb. with doing sth.）)eq avs4al(控告某人做某事)contribute vt。& vi. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助(P4)(1）單句語法填空Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make a _ (contribute) to the class.Eve

19、ryone is willing to contribute food and clothes _ the homeless people.答案：contributionto/towards(2）單句寫作句式升級(jí)他對(duì)這所大學(xué)貢獻(xiàn)如此之大，以至于新圖書館以他的名字命名.a普通表達(dá)：_ the new library was named after him。（such . that 。. 狀語從句)b高級(jí)表達(dá)：_ that the new library was named after him. （such .。 that .。. 倒裝句）答案：a.He made such a great con

20、tribution to the university thatbSuch a great contribution to the university did he make(1)contribute sth。 to/towards . 向捐獻(xiàn)某物contribute to 有助于；導(dǎo)致；為作貢獻(xiàn)；為捐款；向投稿（2)contribution n. 捐款；捐獻(xiàn);貢獻(xiàn);投稿make a contribution/contributions to 對(duì)作出貢獻(xiàn);為捐款名師點(diǎn)津表示“引起；導(dǎo)致；有助于的詞語有contribute to， result in， bring about, lead to

21、, cause等。put forward 提出（建議等)；提名；推薦;將提前;撥快（P1)（1)寫出下列句中put forward的含義As for the problem you put forward in your last letter， I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e.dictionary。_I think he is fit for the position； therefore, Ill put him forward as a candidate._Put your watch forward； its five

22、minutes slow。_They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week._答案：提出推薦撥快將提前(2)用put相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空Were trying to _ a few hundred dollars every month toward our vacation.Now the electric fan is not in use。 Lets _ it _.With two good bursts from the extinguisher the fire was _。答案：put asideput; a

23、wayput outapart from 除之外;此外(P4）單句寫作不考慮薪水的話,這工作還不錯(cuò)，可以整天開心地和孩子們?cè)谝黄?。_ the salary, its not a bad job, enjoying ourselves with the kids all day。除了打掃庭院和為老人們鋪床外，我們還為他們讀報(bào)紙并且跟他們聊天。_ the yard and making the bed for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.他們長得太像了，很難把他們區(qū)分開。They are so

24、alike， and its difficult to _。答案：Apart fromApart from cleaningtell them apart（1）apart from具有下列三層含義:相當(dāng)于as well as/in addition to，指“除之外(還)；此外；加之，強(qiáng)調(diào)“另外還有”;相當(dāng)于aside from，指“除了外”；相當(dāng)于except for，指“除了外(都）；要不是”，是在對(duì)某人或物整體上肯定的同時(shí),特別指出其不足之處.（2）take 。. apart 將拆開tell sb./sth. apart 把某人/某物區(qū)分開make sense 有意義；講得通（P7）單句

25、語法填空Can you make sense _ what this writer is saying?There is no sense in _ (buy) expensive clothes for children， as they soon grow out of them。In no sense _ he realize he had made such a serious mistake。答案：ofbuyingdidmake sense of 。 弄明白make no sense 沒有道理；沒有意義bring sb。 to sb.s senses 使某人清醒過來in a sens

26、e 從某種意義上來說in no sense 決不（位于句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))common sense 常識(shí)a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 責(zé)任感/幽默感/美感/方向感There is no_sense_in （doing) sth。 (做)某事是沒有意義的.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak。（P2）單句寫作當(dāng)?shù)谝淮慰吹竭@張圖畫時(shí)，我們可能覺得滑稽，但之后，我們一定會(huì)是羞愧并且生氣的。We may feel funny _， b

27、ut after feeling funny we must be ashamed and angry.他們一聽到呼救聲就沖了出去。They rushed out _ the shout for help。每次一天結(jié)束他到家時(shí)，我們都在門口迎接他。_ at the end of the day， wed greet him at the door。下次你來北京，一定讓我提前知道。_ ， be sure to let me know in advance.答案：the first time we see the picturethe moment they heardEvery time/Whe

28、never he arrived homeNext time you come to Beijing(1）every time作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，表示“每當(dāng)”（2)名詞詞組作連詞用而且能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的還有：each time 每當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候next time 下次時(shí)the序數(shù)詞time 第次時(shí)the瞬間名詞（moment/minute/second/instant） 一就Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(P7)單句語法

29、填空If only it _ (be） possible for me to see her once more。Only an hour ago _ the teacher find out why he was absent。Only the teachers _ （allow) to use the computer room。Only _ you are modest can you make progress.答案：weredidare allowedif（1）“only狀語(副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句)位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝.但“only主語”位于句首時(shí)不用倒裝.(2)if o

30、nly “但愿;要是就好了”引導(dǎo)的狀語從句使用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在、將來或過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。課文語法填空分鐘John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he _1_ （attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician。 But he was famous for _2_ （defeat) “King Cholera。Cholera was a _3_ （dead） disease and neither its cause _4_ its cure was un

31、derstood. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem。 He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims _5_ （link) to the outbreak were near the water pump，

32、 so he had the handle _6_ (remove）. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew _7_ conclusion that the polluted water was _8_ (blame)。The water _9_ (company) were instructed not to expose people _10_ polluted water anymore. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.1_2。_3。_4。_5._6_7。_8._9。_10。_答案：1.

33、attended2。defeating3.deadly4。nor5.linked6。removed7。the8。to panies10.tobe famous for 。.。 因而出名be famous as .。. 作為而出名die v. 死;死亡dead adj. 死的；消失的deadly adj。 致命的；非常的death n. 死亡（人數(shù))neither 。. nor .。. “既不也不連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分,連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”。隨堂檢測(cè)分鐘.單句語法填空 1The reason for shortsightedness is complicated and there

34、 is still no cure _ it.答案：for2The famous film director lost his temper for _ （expose） to so many entertainment reporters and their questions about his private life。答案：being exposed3All the evidence suggests that the problem _ （improve) in recent years。答案：has improved4Im cautious _ what I say because

35、 careless remarks are likely to hurt others feelings.答案：about5Tom announced his resignation _ staff members on Wednesday。答案：to6When deeply _ （absorb） in work， as he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping。答案：absorbed7Last week I got a new job in a big firm， and I found it very _ (cha

36、llenge).答案：challenging8As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine， we must send for an engineer _ (handle) the problem.答案:to handle9He _ （suspect） of stealing the ring at the party last night， and the police were looking into the matter.答案:was suspected10Id like to thank all of you who cont

37、ributed to _ （build) the hospital.答案：building。教材微寫作A根據(jù)提示完成句子1我的語文老師懷特先生對(duì)我要求很嚴(yán)格。（be strict with)_答案：My Chinese teacher Mr White is very strict with me.2他經(jīng)常提出問題讓我在課上回答。（put forward)_答案:He often puts forward questions for me to answer in class。3此外,他還建議我在學(xué)完課文后得出自己的結(jié)論.（conclusion)_答案：Apart from this, he

38、suggests that I should draw my own conclusions after learning the text.4我從閱讀中吸收了很多在課上學(xué)不到的知識(shí)。(absorb）_答案：I have absorbed much knowledge from reading that I cant learn from textbooks.5每次我遇到困難想放棄的時(shí)候，他總是鼓勵(lì)我不要放棄。（every time)_答案：Every time I want to give up when meeting difficulties, he always encourages me not to.6他經(jīng)常說:“只有勇敢面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，才能獲得成功?！保╟hallenge)_答案:He often says，“Only when you face challenges bravely can you achieve success.”B將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范答案:My Chinese teacher Mr White is very strict with me， and he often puts