高中英語必修二 3　UNIT 5　 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

1、Section Discovering Useful Structures過去分詞作表語和狀語1(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 19882(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time”3(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and

2、 discouraged(discourage)4(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day過去分詞作表語1過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake movin

3、g across the floor湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。2過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時，強調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)；而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強調(diào)動作。The library is now closed(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。3感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人

4、自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到的”；現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人的”。We were amazed at what he said at the meeting我們對他在會上講的話很是驚訝。His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged他的話令人泄氣，使得很多人灰心喪氣。英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動詞，其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，即“令人有某種感覺的”，多用來修飾物；其過去分詞表示被動意義，即“人被引起某種感覺的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常用的這類詞有：eq blc(avs4alco1

5、(,exciting令人激動的,excited激動的；興奮的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,astonishing令人驚訝的,astonished驚訝的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,delighting令人高興的,delighted高興的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,disappointing令人失望的,disappointed感到失望的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,encouraging令人鼓舞的,encouraged受到鼓舞的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,frightening令人害怕的,frightened受驚的，害怕的)eq blc(avs4alc

6、o1(,interesting令人感興趣的,interested感興趣的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,moving感人的，令人感動的,moved受感動的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,pleasing令人滿意的,pleased滿意的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,shocking令人震驚的,shocked感到震驚的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,tiring令人勞累的,tired感到勞累的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,worrying令人擔心的,worried感到擔心的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,satisfying令人滿意的,satisfied感到

7、滿意的)eq blc(avs4alco1(,puzzling令人迷惑的,puzzled感到迷惑的)The man standing there looks frightening, and the little boy is frightened站在那里的那個人看起來很可怕，小男孩嚇著了。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night這則消息令人激動，我們激動了整整一晚上?！镜淅?】(2018全國卷)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly

8、 into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge)解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之動詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~。連系動詞feel后要接形容詞作表語。challenged adj受到挑戰(zhàn)的；challenging adj困難的，富有挑戰(zhàn)性的。 由語境可知，填challenged。答案：challenged過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語的類型過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式/伴隨和結(jié)果，相當于一個狀語從句。其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且與主句主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。1過去分詞作時間狀語過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當于時間狀語從句?？稍谶^去分詞前加上連詞“when, w

9、hile, until”等，使其時間意義更明確。Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautifulWhen it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful當從遠處看時，這幅畫似乎更美了。Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewardingWhen he was asked for

10、 his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding當被問到對教學工作的看法時，菲利普說他發(fā)現(xiàn)它既有趣又有意義。2過去分詞作原因狀語過去分詞作原因狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since, because或as引導的原因狀語從句，這類狀語多放在句子的前半部分。Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these daysBecause I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in the

11、se days由于擔心考試，我這幾天感到不安。3過去分詞作條件狀語過去分詞作條件狀語時，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導的條件狀語從句。Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fastIf they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。Given a few minutes, Ill finish the reportIf I am given a few minutes, Ill finish the report再給我?guī)追昼姷臅r間，我

12、就會完成這個報告。4過去分詞作讓步狀語過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當于一個以though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficultiesThough he was encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties盡管受到了父母的鼓勵，他仍然沒有信心克服困難。Invited by him, I wont take part i

13、n the partyThough I was invited by him, I wont take part in the party即使被他邀請，我也不會參加聚會。5過去分詞作方式/伴隨狀語過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句，但可用并列分句代替。The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurseThe patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse那個病人在護士的攙扶下下了床。She accepted the gift, deeply movedShe

14、 accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved她接受了禮物，深深地被感動了。值得注意的是，有些過去分詞(短語)因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時不強調(diào)被動而重在描述主語的狀態(tài)。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有：lost(迷路); seated(坐); hidden(躲); lost/absorbed in(沉溺于); dressed in(穿著); tired of(厭煩)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲?！镜淅?】(2018北京卷)Ordinary soap，_(use) corr

15、ectly, can deal with bacteria effectively解析：考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意：普通的香皂，只要使用正確，就可以有效除菌。use與其邏輯主語為被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞used。答案：used過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表示被動；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動。分詞作狀語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。前后兩動作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動用ing，被動用ed。Used for a long time, the book looks old(動賓關(guān)系)由于用了很長時間，這本

16、書看上去陳舊。Using the book, I find it very useful(主謂關(guān)系)在使用這本書時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用?！镜淅?】(2018全國卷)Everyone was silent, _(wait) to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud解析：考查非謂語動詞作狀語。主語Everyone與wait為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填waiting。答案：waitingeq avs4al() 單句語法填空1Yesterday we were deeply moved(move) by t

17、he movie directed by Zhang Yimou2I am very delighted(delight) at the news that my brother got the first place in the longdistance race3We were all inspired by the inspiring speech made by the wellknown teacher(inspire)4My parents were satisfied(satisfy) with the plan for our summer vacation5Tony is

18、really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks were getting bored(bore)6Guided(guide) by an artist, the girl made great progress7Though defeated(defeat) many times, the man didnt lose heart8Worried(worry) about their childrens safety, parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in sear

19、ch of the lost(lose) students9Praised(praise) by the head teacher, Amy was excited all day10Completely examined(examine) by the doctors, MrLee went back to work right noweq avs4al() 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1When it is seen from the hill, the town looks more beautifulSeen_from_the_hill,_the town looks more beautiful2Whe

20、n he was asked about the accident, MrBlack burst into tearsWhen_asked about the accident, MrBlack burst into tears3MrYang, who was deeply moved, thanked the kids again and againMrYang，deeply_moved,_thanked the kids again and again4I have read the book twice, which was written by a famous British wri

21、terI have read the book written_by a famous British writer twice5As they were influenced by the warmhearted workers example, the couple did countless good deedsInfluenced_by the warmhearted workers example, the couple did countless good deedseq avs4al() 單句語法填空1(2017全國卷)In their spare time, they are

22、interested(interest) in planting vegetables in their garden2We all felt excited(excite) that Wu Dajing won the first gold medal for our country at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics3We feel honoured(honour) to have you here in our English Week Activities4Greatly touched(touch) by the teachers word

23、s, he did a lot of things to help classmates5Hearing(hear) the bell, the students began to enter the classroom6Divided(divide) into three groups, the students began to discuss the topic left over last time7Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous8Supported(

24、support) by his brothers, he could continue his study in the university9Seen(see) from the top of a thirtystorey building, Beijing looks more splendid10Given(give) enough water and sunlight, the plant will grow to three metres11Faced(face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss f

25、or advice12Judging(judge) from the number of cars, there were many people at the meetingeq avs4al() 閱讀理解Since I was born, I have been listening to music all the timeNot just any music, but the right kind of musicIt may seem strange to say that, but hearing good music played well by a big music group

26、 is something that a lot of people no longer experienceMost people are musically illiterate(了解不多的) simply because they have never had any chance to listen to good musicMany people are unfamiliar with the sound of a symphony orchestra(交響樂團)They only hear orchestra music while watching ads and filmsBu

27、t to me a symphony orchestra is the biggest instrument in the worldTo hear a full symphony orchestra on stage and to feel the power of the soundit is like a big waveIt is an amazing experience and it is one that I was lucky enough to grow up withMy mother was a wellknown singerShe had been a member

28、of the Vienna State Opera and the Budapest State Opera and as a baby I was taken along to concerts and stagesI was not necessarily listening to classical music but always good music played wellMy mother was the sixteenth child in her familyShe was the youngest and by the time she was born, her oldes

29、t sister also had a child with whom she shared a bedWith so many loving families around her, my mother grew up happily to be a cheerful womanBecause I lost my father when I was very young, I do not remember much about himWhat I do know is largely what I have been told by my motherI am like him in ma

30、ny waysHe was obviously a very serious man, always appearing sadI seem to have inherited(繼承) something of that from himFortunately, I inherited far more of my mothers happinessa real show business personality(性格)【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。媽媽作為音樂工作者讓作者有機會欣賞高質(zhì)量的音樂作品。1Why does the author think that most people are

31、 musically illiterate?AThey are not interested in musicBThey dont listen to music very oftenCThey cant tell good music from bad musicDThey have no chance to listen to wellplayed musicD解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的Most people are musically illiterate(了解不多的) simply because they have never had any chance to listen t

32、o good music可知，多數(shù)人都沒有機會接觸高質(zhì)量高水準的音樂作品。2What does the author think of hearing a symphony orchestra on stage?AIt inspires him to get on stage one dayBIt makes him feel like getting stuck in a big waveCIts very different from hearing orchestra music in filmsDIt can create the same feeling as watching po

33、werful adsC解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的They only hear orchestra music while watching ads and filmsit is like a big wave可知，現(xiàn)場聽交響樂表演和聽電影中的交響樂體驗是完全不同的。3What can be learned about the author as a baby?AHe helped his mother a lotBHe learned music from his motherCHe went to his mothers workplaceDHe listened to classica

34、l music every dayC解析：細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的as a baby I was taken along to concerts and stages可知，作者常常被媽媽帶到工作的地方。4What would the author probably like to do in the future?ATo be a teacherBTo be a stage playerCTo be an ad designerDTo be a businessmanB解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段中的a real show business personality可知，作者有可能成為舞臺表演者

35、。eq avs4al() 七選五Deciding whether or not to take part in an extracurricular(課外的) activity can be a challenge(挑戰(zhàn))Before signing up to play on the volleyball team, first consider the advantages and disadvantages of such a decision1_ Students are successful when they take part in many activitiesThey do

36、well in their classes and feel more connected to schoolResearch shows that students in extracurricular activities have better attendance and gradesExtracurricular activities also help students make new friends and lasting relationships2_ Even though we became friends a long time ago, we are still cl

37、ose todayWhile these activities have many advantages, students should consider the downside as well3_ Extracurricular activities can be too much for students who do not practise good time managementStudents need to be good at managing their time between different activitiesAnother downside to extrac

38、urricular activities involves transportation4_ This situation limits studentsextracurricular choices to those outside the school and closer to homeA few of my classmates joined the schools cultural clubThey later discovered that it met after schoolThese students dropped out of the club because they

39、had to catch their busesOnly you can decide if extracurricular activities are right for youActivities outside the school can help you succeed in many areas of your life5_ Are you up for a challenge?AWe were both in the eightandunder age groupBSome clubs or sports meet before or after schoolCOne down

40、side is that it can create a busy life for studentsDMany students are tired from all the things they have to doETaking part in extracurricular activities has many advantagesFI met my best friend when we were on the YMCA swim teamGHowever, you need good time management skills to deal with a busy life

41、【解題導語】本文是一篇議論文。要不要參加課外活動對于許多學生來說是個需要權(quán)衡利弊的問題。1E解析：本空為本段的主題句，本段主要闡述了參加課外活動的學生們在學習方面表現(xiàn)更突出，即參加課外活動的好處。2F解析：本空是對前一句的舉例說明，且下一句中的we became friends與F項中的I met my best friend在語意上相關(guān)。3C解析：由本空前一句可知，本段開始闡述參加課外活動的弊端；而本空后面的內(nèi)容是對本空的進一步解釋說明，闡述的是其中一個弊端，即讓學生們更繁忙。4B解析：B項內(nèi)容與下一句形成因果關(guān)系，本空后面的This situation指代B項內(nèi)容。5G解析：本空前一句與G

42、項內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，即課外活動雖有好處，但學生們需要恰當巧妙地安排時間，以應(yīng)對繁忙的生活。eq avs4al() 語法填空Traffic jams(堵塞) are a common problem in larger citiesIn some cities, traffic jams get so bad during rush hours that it is sometimes 1_(fast) to walk than to driveTraffic accidents are also a problemSadly these problems are not easy to solveHowever, a traffic system(系統(tǒng)) being tested in several cities in Northern Europe has led to some surprising 2_(result)The sy