外國語畢業(yè)論文-德伯家的苔絲-不是悲劇人物

1、6767德伯家的苔絲 - 不是悲劇人物Tess of the DUrbervillesNot a Tragic WomanHuang MinUnder the Supervision ofMr. Tang GuopingSchool of Foreign Language and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2006Contents TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark2 o Current Document Abstract IKey Words I摘 要 .“關(guān)鍵詞 nIntroduction . HYPERLINK l

2、bookmark6 o Current Document I .The Social Background of this Novel 2 HYPERLINK l bookmark8 o Current Document n .Tess Bravery 4 HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document Tess Sexual Innocence .4 HYPERLINK l bookmark12 o Current Document Tess Fate ofbeing Rapped 5 HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Do

3、cument Tess Bravery .6 HYPERLINK l bookmark16 o Current Document 川.Tess Responsibility .8 HYPERLINK l bookmark18 o Current Document The Resp on sibility to Her Family .8 HYPERLINK l bookmark20 o Current Document The Responsibility to the Other ThreeMilkmaids .9 HYPERLINK l bookmark22 o Current Docum

4、ent The Resp on sibility to her Family afterHer Fathers Death .1 HYPERLINK l bookmark24 o Current Document IV . Tess Purity .14 HYPERLINK l bookmark26 o Current Document Her Purity in Her Mi nd T4 HYPERLINK l bookmark28 o Current Document Her Purity in Her Love for Clare 15 HYPERLINK l bookmark30 o

5、Current Document Conclusion .T9Ack no wledgeme nt .20Bibliography.2.1AbstractThere is a beautiful story in Bible. It says the God creates man formed of the dust of the ground in his own image. And the God puts the man named Adam in a garden in Eden. But the God says, it is not good that the man shou

6、ld be alone; I will make him a helpmeet for him. So the God takes one of the manaswriobms aton.mAankde Adamsays, this is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she is taken out of Man. So many people think a woman is a part of a man. Men should rule over wome

7、n. I cannot agree with this idea, because everyone is born equally. Every people has right to live his or her own life. Especially women should live for themselves, but not for men.This novel Tess of the d Urbervilles (1891) is generally regarded as Hardynovel. It centers on a young woman who strugg

8、les to find her place in society. When it is discovered that the low- class Durbeyfield family is in reality the d Urbervilles, thelast of a famous bloodline that dates back hundreds of years, the mother sends her eldest daughter, Tess, to beg money from relatives with the obvious desire that Tess w

9、ed the rich Mr.d Urberville. So the story begins. In this novel, Tess experiences so much. She witnesses the death of Prince; she is taken advantage of by d Urbervishe marries and the next day leaves from her husband; she supports her family when her father is dead; and she kills Alec for her love;

10、finally she is sentenced to death. Many people think she is a tragic woman. But she struggles with life. She is a responsible, brave and pure woman from the beginning to the end. So from these angles we cannot say she is a tragic woman again. In this essay, I am going to discuss her bravery, respons

11、ibility and purity.Key Wordsbrave; responsible; pure; tragic摘要圣經(jīng)里有個故事是說上帝按他自己的形象用塵土創(chuàng)造了人，上帝將名為亞當(dāng)?shù)娜税仓迷?伊甸園。但上帝覺得讓他孤獨一人不是一件好事，他就想給他制造一個伴侶。因此上帝取了 一根亞當(dāng)?shù)睦吖侵圃炝艘粋€女人。亞當(dāng)認(rèn)為她的骨頭是他的，她的血是他的，因此她應(yīng)該叫 女人，因為她出自于男人。所以很多人認(rèn)為一個女人應(yīng)該是男人的一部分，男人應(yīng)該統(tǒng)治女 人。我不同意這樣的想法。我認(rèn)為每個人都是生來平等的，每個人都有權(quán)力過他們自己的生 活，特別是女人應(yīng)該為她們自己而活不是為了男人。德伯家的苔絲被認(rèn)為是哈代

12、最出色的小說。它以一個年輕女子力爭在社會中尋找自己 的位置為中心。 當(dāng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)德伯菲爾德實際上是可以追溯到幾百年前的德伯維爾貴族的后裔時， 母親送大女兒苔絲去向親戚借錢，其實是希望苔絲能與富裕的德伯維爾結(jié)婚。因此故事開始 了。在這本小說里苔絲經(jīng)歷了很多：她目睹了王子的死；她被德伯維爾強暴；她嫁給了克萊 爾卻在第二天與其分離；當(dāng)父親去世以后她支撐著整個家庭；為了愛情她殺了阿歷克；最后 她被處死。許多人認(rèn)為她的命運是悲慘的，但她勇于同生活做斗爭，從始自終她是一個有責(zé) 任，勇敢，純潔的女人，因此從這些方面來說她不再是一個悲劇人物了。在這篇論文里我將 就她的勇敢，責(zé)任心和純潔做個闡述。關(guān)鍵詞勇敢的；負(fù)責(zé)

13、任的；純潔的；悲慘的IntroductionTess of the dUrbervilles is written by Thomas Hardy, who was born on June 2, 1840, in Higer Bockhampton in Dorset, a rural region of southwestern England, which is the inspiration for many of his novel.Thomas Hardy begins Tess of the dUrbervilles with the title “Too Late Belove

14、d” in 1888; the next year this novel serialized in the Graphic from July 4 to December 26, 1891, during which Hardy was forced to bowdlerize the text of Tess by his editors. Tess of the dUrbervilles subtitled A Pure Woman is the twelfth novel and was published in 3-volume form in December 1891 by Os

15、good, McIlvaine.Tess of the dUrbervilles (1891) came into conflict with Victorian morality. It explored the dark side of his family connections in Berkshire. In the story the poor villager girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by the wealthy Alec DUrberville. She becomes pregnant but the child dies in in

16、fancy. Tess finds work as a dairymaid on a farm and falls in love with Angel Clare, a clergyman s son. They marry but when Tess tells Angel about her past, he hypocritically deserts her. Tess becomes Alecs mistress. Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but finds her living with Alec.

17、Tess kills Alec in desperation, she is arrested a hanged.Different people have different ideas when they finish reading it. J.I.M Stewart: ”Yet it is not in the final issue a depressing book And this is because Tess Durbeyfield herself is as the sun at moon.” Dorothy Van Ghent objects to the ending

18、because the philosophy of an evolutionary hope has nothing essential to do with Tess fate and her common meaning: she is too humanly adequate for evolutionary ethics to comment upon, and furthermore we do not believe that young girls make ameliorated lives out of witness of a sistershanging.Although

19、 Tess is sentenced to death, she is not a tragic woman. She is a brave, responsible and pure woman. She struggles with life. Her life is meaningful.I . The Social Background of this NovelThis novel is written during 19th century that is Victorian Age. It is a period, which many British people are pr

20、oud of. The big expansion in British industry and commerce and the stronger hold in more colonies abroad gave Britain an industrial monopoly over a large part of the world. A sharp decline in the so-called Victorianprosperity sets in, British agricultures are thoroughly bankrupt. At that time Englan

21、d is in process of great transformation. The steam engine leads England into a new era. As surly as England s grass is green, the industrial economy devsealonpd supersedes the agriculture economy. The economic changes match the new emerging social structure. However, the growth period is nearly viol

22、ent and certainly painful. Close unde“r the eaves of the stack, and as yet barely visible, was the red tyrant that the women had come to serve. whilst it was going, kept up a despotic dema nd upon the en dura neeof their muscles and nerves”. (Hard:y522). Railways are the new means of establishing re

23、liable contact between the rural urban areas of England. Rural workers produce beyond subsistence not only for their own needs, but also for the demands of the new industrial center. The market expands, and there really are commodity surpluses. Tess and Angel deliver the milk to the railway station:

24、“Tess was so receptive that the fewminutes of contact with the whirl of material progress lingered in her thought.Londoners will drink it at the breakfast tomorrow, wont tIbhiedy:!188). she asked. ”O(jiān)bviously, Tess isjust able to imagine the city bevellers life.The image of the nineteenth century as

25、a period of great opportunity for men of energy and skill is one that has been long established. The increased scale of industry and overseas trade, together with the expansion of empire fuelled the proliferation of commence and finance such as banks, insurance companies, shipping and railways. The

26、Victorian period witnesses the massive expansion of local government and the centralized state, providing occupations for a vast stratum of civil servants, teachers, doctors, lawyers and government officials as well as the darks and assistantswhich helps these institutions and services to operate. D

27、espite the expansion of the economy and the growth of towns and cities, reputation and personal contact remains significant factors in business arrangementsand recruitment in the Victorian period. In moving from a society based on rank and privilege to one based on free exchange, the very idea that

28、an individual, though hard work, thrift and self-reliance, could achieve social and economic success provided an equalizing principle.II Tess BraveryLife for Tess is very hard, but she is so brave that she struggles with life.A TessSexual InnocenceTess is one of members of the May Day procession. Sh

29、e wears in white and herphysical characteristics equally suggest her innocence. At that time she is just a girl who knows nothing of life. After the death of Prince, Tess goes to claim kinship with the d Urbervilles.It is this aspect of the visit to the d Urbervillesthat disturbs Tess most, highligh

30、ting her particular sexual innocence. This introduces the theme of sexuality and innocence that will continue throughout the novel; at this point in the novel Tess represents a particular sexual innocence. She is unaware of her own sexuality and thus cannot perceive the danger that Alec d Urberville

31、s presents to heBecause she is an attractive woman, d Urbervillesis attracted by her beauty and do some things to express his feeling, which makes Tess feel embarrassed. If she can find some job in her village, she needs not go to take care of Mrs.d Urberville s chickens.She does not like d Urbervil

32、les, so she does not want to stay with him. But she doesnot know what will happen on her. During their dangerous travel along with sexuality, Alec asks Tess to grasp his waist while the carriage tumbles down the hill. At that time Tess finds herself in danger with Alec. But for her there is no other

33、 choice but to do as Alec demands. After this travel Tess works as a mere rural servant, this is because Alec himself has brought Tess to his house under false pretenses;he does not take her to claim kinship with him and his mother, but rather for his own personal reasons,but Tess does not know this

34、.B. Tess Fate of beinRgappedAlec is attracted so deeply that he even stalks Tess as she whistles to the bullfinches. Nevertheless, Tess begins to become more accustomed to Alec, despite the sexual danger he presents to her. When Car quarrels with Tess, Alec d Urbervilles rescues Tess. As Car s mothe

35、r realizes, Tess is now in greater danger with Alec than she would be around Car. Cars mothefor rtehsuhsadows the later tragic events thatwill come to fruition.Alec d Urbervilleuses several factors particular to this situation to seduce his distant relative. At this point in the novel Alec is at his

36、 most heroic to Tess, having saved her from Car Darch. Alec frames his arguments against Tess as evidence that she is frigid, untrusting and ungrateful; she must defend her refusal to give in to Alec rather than Alec having to defend his much less excusable behavior. Finally, and perhaps most critic

37、al in Tess letting down her guard is that she is intensely tired and Alec proposition of her is unexpected. He comes upon her when she is sleeping and at last, she may not have had the strength to refuse him at that time.After several days Tess decides to come back home.It was always beautiful from

38、here; it was terribly beautiful to Tess today, for since her eyes last fell upon it she had learnt that the serpent hisses where the sweet birds sing, and her views of life had been totally cha nged for her by the less on. She-could not bear to look forward intothe Vale. (Ibid: 122).When Alec finds

39、Tess have gone away, he drives car to find her. He admits he did wrong and hurt her. If Tess would like to accept him, he is ready to pay to the uttermost farthing. He thinks Tess has not need to work in the fields or the dairies again and he can make her clothe herself with the best, instead of in

40、the bald plain she has lately affected. But Tess refuses all the things he offers.“I have said I will not take anything more from yoI will not T cannot! I should be your creature to go on dong that, and I wonIbid: 1”6(.When Alec requires to kiss her as a way to say goodbye, she thereupon turns round

41、 and lifts her face to his, and remains like a marble term while he imprints a kiss upon her cheek-half perfunctorily, half as if zest has not yet quite dyes out. Tess does not want to say a lie, which would do the most good to her at that time. She chooses to leave him because she dislikes him so m

42、uch that she would suffer rather than have any contact with him.Alec admires this very much. He says: “You can hold your own for beauty against any woman of these parts, gentle or simple; I say it to you as a practical man and well-wisher. If you are wise you will it to the world more than you do be

43、fore it fades. Ibid: 128). But Tess ” ( does not agree with him and says:“ Never, never! I made up my mind as soon as I Itbcido:m1e2.8).T Itbcido:m1e2.8).Then( she leavesC. Tess BraveryTess return to Marlott becomes the subjeocftgossip in the town precisely because it is such a stunning reversal of

44、fortune for the girl. She tells her mother all the things happened. When her mother knows Tess refuses to marry Alec, she thinks Tess may be mad, because any woman would have done it but Tess after that. Tess insists on her decision. The only thing she blames is that her mother does not tell her man

45、 is dangerous and what she should do is to protect herself. All the things happened because she is sexuality innocent.In place of the excitement of her return, and the interest it had inspired, she sees before her a long and stony highway, which she has to tread, without aid, and with little sympath

46、y. The fact of pregnant and the gossip from the villagers make Tess feel herself a sinner for what occurred to her. Her depression is then terrible, and she could have hidden herself in a tomb. She stays under her few square yards of thatch and watches winds, and snows, and rains, gorgeous sunsets,

47、and successive moons at their full. So close keeps her that at length almost everyone thinks she had gone away.As time goes by, people let bygones be bygones. Then people can see“the oval face of a handsome young woman with deep dark eyes and long heavy clinging tresses, which seems to clasp in a be

48、seeching way anything they fall against. The cheeks are pale, the teeth more regular, the red lips thinner than is usual in a country-bred girl. (”Ibid: 146). This is our heroine Tess; resolution, which has surprised her, has brought her into the fields for the first time during many months. After w

49、earing and wasting her palpitating heart with every engine of regret that lonely inexperience could devise, commonsense has illumined her.She feels that she would do well to be useful again to taste anew sweet independence at any prince. The past is past. They would all in a few yearsbe as if they h

50、as never been, and she herself grasses down and forgots.familiar surroundings has not darkened because of her grief, nor sickens because of her pain. (Ibid: 148-150)Almost at a leap Tess thus changes from a timid girl to a strong and courageous woman. Herrebirth during the baptism of Sorrow is follo

51、wed by Tess place in which she may start her life anew.decision to leave MarflorttaAfter her baby easthd, without the support of her shiftless family, Tess leaves home totry at independence again knowing now to be wary of men. She finds a work as a milkmaid in Talbot hays dairy, and begins her new l

52、ife now. When Tess has changed her bonnet for a hood, and is really on her stool under the cow, and the milk is squirting from her fists into the pall, she appears to feel that she really has laid a new foundation for her future.From the experience which has so overwhelmed her for the time, let the

53、truth betold women do as a rule live through such humiliations, and regain their spirits, and again look about them with an interested eye. While there is life there is hope is a conviction notso entirely unknown to thebetrayed as some amiable theaovreistusswboeuliledvhe. Tessis a woman who does not

54、 give in before life, and she is so brave that she continues to struggle for life.皿.Tess ResponsibilityTess is the first born of the very large family and she has the responsibility of caring for her younger brothers and sisters. Her strong sense of responsibility is the children of alcoholics often

55、 develop.A. The Responsibility to Her FamilyTess leaves the dance early because she is worried about her fathers behavguilty about the grass stains on the white dress her mother washed and ironed. An incompetent housekeeperand mother, Mrs.Durbeyfield is “ flingingthe baby from side to side like a we

56、aver s shIbuitdtl:e24)”as(she rocks the cradle. Because Tess comes back, hermother has time to find her husband who spends as much free time as possible at the local tavern. But she proves herself as irresponsible as her husband, remaining at the bar when she means to take him away from it. Among th

57、e Durbeyfields, it is only Tess who remains committed and responsible; she alone has the sense of responsibility to know that her family must come home, because her father must have a journey to deliver the beehives. At this point in the novel, Tess Durbeyfield is a passive character subject to the

58、wishes of her family and afflicted by their sense of irresponsibility. She is the key to her fatherthe family fortune, for he intends to marry her off to a gentleman who will provide for her and for her parents. Having irresponsible parents, Tess worries about and assumes responsibility for her youn

59、ger siblings, becaus“e all these young souls were passengers in the Durbeyfield ship entirely dependent on the judgment of the two Durbeyfield adults for their pleasures, their necessities, thirehealth, even their existence. Ibid: 30) ” (This concern is obviously the basis of her volunteering to dri

60、ve Prince, but it does not explain why she chooses to drive herself with her younger brother as a companion rather than ask some young man.“IOwhonulodn t have it for the would! declaredTess proudly. “And letting everybody know the reasonsuch a thing to be ashamed of! ”Ib(id: 38) Her mother has no ot