高考英語短文改錯?？伎键c歸納

1、高三英語復(fù)習(xí)資料之短文改錯歸納短文改錯錯誤類型 : 一 詞法的測試 1. 名詞：主要是查名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語是否一樣；eg: 1 I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby 是可數(shù)名詞, 在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式； playing football是一項運動, football 只是一種球；sing 和 listen to 要用動名詞形式；2 Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運動講是不行數(shù)名詞,do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式,謂動用單數(shù)；heal

2、thy 是形容詞,這里要用名詞形式；3 Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；2. 代詞：對于短文中顯現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的 內(nèi)容及在句中的作用,留意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一樣,?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代 詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等；1.He drove too fast, and the police stopped her. 前面提到的是he 而后面卻用her 來代,故應(yīng)將her 改為 him. 2.This is the best film which I have ever seen.

3、先行詞前有最高級修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 that 而不是 which ；3. 冠詞：英語中只有三個冠詞,但用起來卻很復(fù)雜,在短文改錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時卻用了；該用an 用了 a,該用 an 卻用了 the. 1 I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter 為可數(shù)名詞 ,故 write 后應(yīng)加 a. 2 I like playing the football. 去 the 3 He is a honest boy. a 改為 an 4. 介詞：檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配,介詞慣用詞組等是否

4、正確；1 I am writing to thank you with your kind help. thank sb. for sth. 為固定搭配,故應(yīng)將 with 改為 for. 2 I m the happiest in all.此句想表達的意思是“ 我是全部人中最興奮的”；故應(yīng)將 in 改為 of. 3 Under the help of my father, I under 改為 with 4 He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改為 on 5. 形容詞、副詞：形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞；改

5、錯行中顯現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要認(rèn)真分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級、比較級仍是最高級；形容詞、副詞誤用也是?？嫉母腻e項目之一；1 I had not interest in English .interest 是名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞 no 來修飾,而 not 是副詞,副詞不能修飾名2 These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.NMET2022此處有 I ve ever seen限定,應(yīng)用最高級,故 happier 應(yīng)改為 happiest. 3 You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改為 easily.

6、4 These books are very worth reading. 用 well 修飾6. 連詞：短文改錯中顯現(xiàn)連詞就要判定連詞用的是否正確,是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞仍是句子,是否符合規(guī)律關(guān)系；此外假如是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要留意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一樣問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , or , neither 等； nor , as well asnot only but also , not but , either1 As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sp

7、orts meeting. 由于前句有As 引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句,因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把 so 去掉；2 The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 依據(jù)上下文意思判定,前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折,所以 but 應(yīng)改為 and 或 so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用；7. 動詞：動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤 ; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式,以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等；在改錯題中,動詞方面的考查比例較大；1 動詞的時態(tài)、語

8、態(tài)錯誤 a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together. take photos動作發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用過去時. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 依據(jù)本句意義,should 后應(yīng)加上 been ,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)；c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing 改為 play; for 改為 with 2 易混動詞使用錯誤a. I per

9、suaded him to stop smoking, but he didn t listen.persuade 意為 “說服 ”,強調(diào)勝利的結(jié)果,而依據(jù)下句 he didn t listen 可知,勸告并沒有勝利,故應(yīng)改 persuaded 為 advised. b. You please rise your hands. rise 是不及物動詞,而 raise 是及物動詞,所以舉手應(yīng)用raise your hands. 這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用；3 非謂語動詞使用錯誤a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday part

10、y. look forward to 中的 to 是介詞,應(yīng)加動名詞,將 see 改為 seeing. b. Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情形下 keep 均和 doing 連用,如 keep doing sth.; keep sb. sth.doing sth. ;keep from doing c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country. to 后加 be；因其后是名詞,而不是

11、動詞原形,不能直接用 to. 8. 詞語固定搭配 : 主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等；1 My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“寫日記 ” .2 In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配3 I thought that was dull to watch a game NMET2022此

12、題考查 it 的功能, It + be + adj. + to do 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)；4 the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful. 解析：not only but also 為固定結(jié)構(gòu),故將 and 改為 but. 5 I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty in doing sth. 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)6 He spends too much time play games. spend some time in doing sth. 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)二 句法的測試：1 主謂語在數(shù)

13、上的一樣； I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為 is 2 名詞性從句； A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that 缺賓語,用 what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語；3 定語從句；是連詞,在從句中無任何意義,而后面的賓語從句This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them 改為 which 4 強調(diào)句型； It is/was + 被強調(diào)的部分 +that/who It wa

14、s in 1949 when he joined the army. when 改為 that 5 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及規(guī)律性； 三語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括：1 上下文中的時態(tài)是否一樣；2 上下文中的代詞是否一樣；3 上下文中的規(guī)律是否一樣；4 上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確；四、留意問題 ：短文改錯時改 “錯” ,而不是把文中的表達法改成另外的表達形式；許多考生對這個概念比較模糊；把原文中并沒有錯的形式改成了自己認(rèn)可的另外一種形式,雖然改后的表達法也是對的,但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求,因而也不能得分；完形高分策略 （Skills of Cloze Tests）一

15、、高考完形填空命題趨勢選材特點 : 以記敘文為主 , 多以記敘文和夾敘夾意為主命題特點 : 1 設(shè)空特點 : 名詞 動詞 5-8 個為主2 考點層次分三部 : 里邊層次 ：語篇層次 30%以上 表達了突出語篇的命題思路句子層次 ：占 70%左右 單詞層次： 只須讀懂單詞所在句子就能做 ,分?jǐn)?shù)較少 3考查重點 : 短文第一句不設(shè)問 . 高考完形填空題型特點 完型填空 之才能訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)：1. 以敘為主 , 敘議結(jié)合 ; 1.詞語辨析才能2. 篇章短小 , 意義完整 ; 2.語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析才能3. 首句完整 , 主題明確 ; 3.語篇懂得才能4. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰 , 層次分明 ; 4.規(guī)律推理才能5. 考查語

16、境 , 側(cè)重辨析 ; 5.文化背景透析才能6. 實詞為主 , 虛詞為輔 ; 6.作者意圖剖析才能7. 規(guī)律推理 , 隱于語篇 ; 8.生活常識綜合運用才能8. 常識語法 , 每年顯現(xiàn)；二、 考生易失分之處：1、忽視行文規(guī)律,斷章取義,就題論題；2、脫離語境,濫用固定搭配；3、缺乏必要的生活常識和不明白中西文化的差異；做題三忌：急于求成,未通讀全文便忙于答題,不明白文意,無整體概念邊讀邊填,兩眼忙于空白與選項之間,欲速就不達；只摳字眼,語法,不顧文意,抓不住關(guān)鍵；斷章取義,就題論題,不管前后聯(lián)系,互不照管,前后沖突；三、做題三步法方法：四、巧解完形填空 高分技巧1、討論首尾 找主題 2、上下聯(lián)系

17、 尋信息 3、左顧右盼 找搭配 4、思前想后 覓規(guī)律 5、語境分析 辨詞義 6、集中精力 破難題 7、回讀檢查 補漏洞1、提高閱讀才能（速度、懂得）2、打好語法基礎(chǔ)（固定搭配）3、擴充詞匯量（動詞、名詞）4、增長生活常識,培育廣泛的愛好愛好 5、多做多練,以提高實戰(zhàn)才能 How to get high scores？1. 正確的答題步驟2. 必要的答題技巧3. 適量的實踐訓(xùn)練九大方法巧解完形 一、利用首句來解題,依據(jù)全文來挑選I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said,

18、 “ Yournever going to be 37anything but a failure. ”A. bright B. uselessC. simple D. hopeful 二、依據(jù)上下文語境,合理推斷來解題 Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help D. pra

19、iseB. peace C. smile Practice：His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker 三、利用語篇標(biāo)志解題 （三找）

20、常見的標(biāo)志性的詞語有以下幾種： 結(jié)構(gòu)層次 :firstly, secondly, thirdly ；規(guī)律關(guān)系 ：thus, therefore, so；遞進關(guān)系 ：besides, whats more, further; 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 ：but, while, however, on the other hand等；She told the front-desk clerk she had had an 41 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet

21、developed. A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important 1、找規(guī)律關(guān)系題（轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、說明、對立、因果、并列、總分、遞進）2、找 NOT題（在原文中找 not ）句式結(jié)構(gòu)： 前面確定后面否定、前面否定后面確定,就選對立關(guān)系的詞；考點：（以下條件缺一不行）考查的是一個確定句和否定句之間的規(guī)律關(guān)系,空前后必需是獨立的句子；出題位置在兩個句子之間或其次個句子的開頭,不能處在一個句子的末尾或中間；選項中必需要有對立關(guān)系的詞；3、找 AND題（在原文中找 and）考點：and 前后選同義詞,詞性一樣；and 前后選同一

22、范疇詞；and 前后句子對應(yīng)成分相同；在文章中,并列關(guān)系詞前后假如出題,利用已知關(guān)系解題；3、找同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)原就Liumei is among the _22_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted 答應(yīng)給） Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 22. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the liter

23、ature of all language. Some of us like _2_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 2. A. true B. right C. same D. similar 四、依據(jù)規(guī)律推懂得題 and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange

24、_quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 五、依據(jù)常識和文化背景的角度來挑選The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36Owning springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 六、從語法角度來解題I went into a

25、 caf and asked for a coffee . 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 loneliness. ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept y

26、our mouth shut. 23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared 解題思路： 利用語法分析解題,選項中的動詞都是過去式,其后句賓語從句 had kept 是過去完成時,故判定是虛擬；七、從慣用法和固定搭配方面來解題1 He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldn have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all 八、從詞語辨析的角度來解題When, two week

27、s later, I 38 this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9enjoy this country as the son of a minister. D. ran to A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over 九、同義近義復(fù)現(xiàn)來解題I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous.One can _7_ from various sorts of friends in

28、three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks. Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy, making a _8_ of friends keep you lively. Secondly, I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to s

29、uccess in life. 7. A. obtain B. benefit C. suffer D. earn 8. A. range B. series C. quantity D. variety 完型填空實戰(zhàn)四招：抓首抓住首句 , 猜測全文；完形填空所選短文多沒有標(biāo)題,但一般首句是一個不設(shè)空或較簡潔 的完整的句子,往往用以點明短文的體裁,如談?wù)?、說明或表達等；因此 ,我們在解題時肯定要留意以首句的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及表述方式為立足點來進行規(guī)律思維 ,判定文章體裁 ,找出文章中心；捕眼捕獲題眼 , 查找契機所謂 “題眼 ” ,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞以及能夠幫忙我們解決問題問題的特

30、定的語境；捕獲題眼 ,就是要快速找到語篇中的特別的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系 那些表示因果、遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代等意義的連接詞及動詞、形容詞、副詞、同位語等,仍有那些明確詳細(xì)的事實如時間、地點、人物、外形、顏色、次序,以及它們之間的關(guān)系等；跳身避難就易 , 節(jié)約時間在解題過程中 ,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循“ 先易后難 ” 的原就 ,遇到少數(shù)疑難問題時不行徘徊不前；為了不影響做題速度 ,我們可以臨時跳過難點 ,去解決那些靠上下文能確定的、比較直接詳細(xì)的問題；或許在上文中難以判定的題在下文中就有示意或明確的表示 ,或許一個在前面不能解的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗；一般說來 ,固定詞組、習(xí)慣搭配、常見句型及明顯的語法結(jié)構(gòu)等易于

31、判定；掃尾復(fù)讀全文 , 解決殘敵到了這時 ,借助已經(jīng)補全的空白,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對全文有了更清晰的懂得,可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題,如采納排除法逐步縮小包圍圈等方法；對于實在無從下手的個別題目,我們就完全可以憑語感來確定：把幾個選項逐一放在空格內(nèi)念兩遍 ,哪個念起來順口、舒適就選哪個；留意：憑語感選定的答案不要輕易改動,由于最初的感覺很可能是正確的；在各空都已填出后,再復(fù)讀全文；我們必需重視這最終的補償疏漏,改正錯誤的掃尾機會,以爭取最好成果；高考英語高頻詞組匯【經(jīng)典100 組】許多同學(xué)覺得英語學(xué)不會很大程度上有由于詞匯量太少所致；然而其實不然,有一些詞匯很簡潔,你個個都熟識可組合起來就不肯定了

32、或者意思就會產(chǎn)生偏差,這就是名曰詞組的東西；可恰恰有些詞組總是受到高 考命題老師們的偏愛,特此整理出來以便同學(xué)們整理背誦；1 abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈從于（某種感情或沖動）2 have a the ability to do sth. have the ability in doing sth. 有才能做某事 3 to the best of ones ability 盡力 4 be about to do when 正預(yù)備做某事突然；5 above all 第一,最重要；in all 總計 after all 究竟 ; 終究 6 at home and abro

33、ad 在國內(nèi)外 go abroad 出國 7 in sb.s absence 不在時 in the absence of （人）不在時 be absent from 缺席 8 be absorbed in 全神貫注于 9 access to 接近；進入 10 by accident 偶然 by chance by mistake 由于錯誤 11 be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽擱 12 be accompanied by 附有；相伴13 according to 后面不接 view,opinion ; in my opinion14 collect a

34、ccounts 收賬； open an account 開賬戶；keep accounts 記賬 ; account for 說明 ; give a full account of 做一個完整的說明 ; on account of=because of 由于15 accuse sb. of 控告某人；charge sb. with sth. 起訴某人；Blame sb. for sth. 批評某人16 be accustomed to sth. to doing sth.=be used to sth.to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于干某事17 have some acquaintance

35、with 熟識；熟知18 come run across （偶然）遇到; get sth. across 使人懂得；領(lǐng)悟19 act as 充當(dāng),擔(dān)任act out 表演（對話、故事）；act onupon 對；起作用20 catch sb. in the act of doing sth. 抓住某人干某事；take action 實行行動21 be active in 在；積極 take an active part in 積極參與 lead an active life 過著積極的生活22 adapt oneself to 使自己適應(yīng) adapt sth. to 使某物適應(yīng) adapt f

36、rom 依據(jù)；改寫（改編）23 add in 包括；加進去 add to 增加；加強 add to 把；加到；上add up to 合加起來24 be addicted to sth. doing sth. 嗜好；的；上了；癮的25 in addtion/ in addtion to 此外26 deliver an address to 向；發(fā)表演講giving a closing address 致閉幕詞an address of welcome 歡迎詞27 admit to sth. doing sth. 承認(rèn)28 in advance=beforehand 提前29 be of grea

37、t no advantage to 對；大大有利 （毫無裨益）advantage of sb. 利用某人；欺詐某人 30 put an advertisement 登廣告gainhave an advantage over 優(yōu)于；賽過； take 31 ask for sb.s advice 征求某人的建議 give sb. advice on how to do sth. 就如何何干某事提出忠告32 advise sb. on sth. 就某事對某人提出忠告；advise sb. against doing sth.勸某人不干某事33 be afraid of 可怕；擔(dān)憂 be afraid

38、 to do 不敢做某事34 be after 尋求；追求35 be against ones proposal 反對（看法go against nature 違反自然 stand against the wall 靠墻而立36 at the age of 在；歲時；be under age 未成年37 agree with sb. what 從句 ; agree with the climate/ 飲食 對氣候等的適應(yīng)agree to +advice/suggestion/ idea/proposal agree on upon ；就；達成一樣看法38 ahead of time 在；前面

39、go ahead 連續(xù)；前進39 aid sb. in sth./aid sb. with sth. 幫忙某人做某事 in aid of 支持；give sb. first aid 對某人實施急救40 aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)41 on the air（用無線電、電視）播送 in the air 在空中；by air 乘飛機；put on give oneself airs 擺架子42 all along 始終；始終 all over the countryworld 遍及全國（世界）all alone 單獨；獨自地 all but 幾乎；差一點43 allow sb. to do sth. 答應(yīng)某

40、人做某事allow doing sth. 答應(yīng)做某事44 let alone 更不用說 There is not enough room for us,let alone six dogs. 45 get along on with 在；方面有進展 46 not only but also 47 make an analysis of 分析48 in the ancient time 在古代 49 and so on/and so forth 等等take along with 隨身攜帶50 be angry about sth.對某事憤怒 be angry at sth.因某事憤怒be be

41、 angry with sb. 生某人的氣51 annoy sb. with sth./annoy sb. by doing sth. 因；使某人憤怒；52 one after another 相繼53 answer for 對；負(fù)責(zé)answer sb.s call 回電話make no answer 不作回答54 be anxious about for 為；擔(dān)憂be anxious to do 希望（急于）做某事55 apologize to sb. for sth./ make an apology to sb. for sth 因某事向某人賠禮56 in appearance 外貌上

42、make ones appearance 登臺 by/from all appearances 明顯57 apply to 將；應(yīng)用于 apply for 申請 apply to 適應(yīng)于 apply oneself to 用心致志于； apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申請某物58 appoint sb. to a post 派某人任某職 ; appoint a time for the meeting 商定開會時間59 approach to 接近 make an approach to 對；進行探討60 approve of 贊同 61 argue with/against

43、 sb. about/on sth. 與某人辯論某事；argue sb. into doing 說服某人做某事62 arm in arm 肩并肩hand in hand 手拉手; shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩take sth. in ones arms 抱 be armed to the teeth 全副武裝63 arrange for 支配；預(yù)備 arrange with sb. about sth. 與某人商定某事make an arrangement arrangements for 做好預(yù)備；支配64 as a whole 作為總體 on the whole 總體上

44、65 as as one can 盡力；盡可能66 as to/with regard to 至于；說到67 be ashamed at sth. 為某事感到慚愧be ashamed for 為某人感到慚愧68 ask for sth. 懇求ask sb. for sth. 向某人索取某物ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事69 every aspect of=all the aspects of 各個方面70 assist sb. with sth./assist sb. in doing sth./assist sb. to do sth. 幫忙某人做某事71 associate.with 把；和；聯(lián)系起來; in association with 與；