托福聽力復習準備階段

1、 .DOC資料. 托?？荚嚶犃蕚涔ぷ髀犃C述 （四）考試規(guī)則段落念完才會出現(xiàn)題目問題念完才會出現(xiàn)選項段落下方有進度顯示答題開始剩余時間啟動平均每道答題時間要算好Direction 做為熱身要聽好聽力考試的內(nèi)容與形式內(nèi)容1各學科的基本知識及概念介紹 （美高一、高二知識）2美國值得驕傲的東西3自動規(guī)避近期發(fā)生的不好的事情4段子主題：長對話主要是師生之間討論學習較多，生活場景相對少些，重點復習作業(yè)，考試，論文，選課等學習類場景新托福聽力場景匯總之CONVERSATION篇課堂學習相關課外學習相關課余生活相關課程相關事務場景相關事務+專業(yè)討論場景選課場景遲到曠課場景實驗室場景圖書館場景課堂內(nèi)容討論場

2、景獎學金場景論文場景實地考查場景日常起居相關體育運動場景打工場景學生組織活動場景報到注冊場景校園生活場景醫(yī)院場景轉(zhuǎn)學場景游玩場景課程相關事務場景場景特點：主要涉及到一些和課程相關事項的解決方法。一定以conversation出現(xiàn)，常見話題有：安排考試，調(diào)課事宜，課程輔助材料等。常見套路：和考試相關：考試分數(shù)；考試復習；安排考試；考試分數(shù)和課程相關：課程目的；課程類型；課程形式，課程作業(yè) 和作業(yè)相關：作業(yè)類型；作業(yè)方法；交作業(yè)相關和論文相關：論文的分數(shù)場景詞匯：Discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide, librar

3、y, collection, check, librarianReport, office hour, submit, on disk, hard copy, soft copy, computer, print, computer labProject, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input, presentation, completeTerm paper, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version, submit, overtired, stre

4、ssed, rushing against the clock, mark, draft, print, final paper, maintaining average, application, drop, re-take, due, extention, discuss, check back, re-reading, submissionInformation, exam schedule, term, date, book, department, invigilator, sign up, sheet, bulletin board, faculty lounge, square,

5、 draft, dean, review, draw up, manually, consult, registerPhysiology 100, sophomore, second year course, first year student, transfer, begin my first lecture, introduce, complete, approach, laws of physics and chemistry, process of life, vital force, philosophical approach, scientific experimentatio

6、nFinal exam, midterm, multiple choice question, essay question, comprehensive exam, the subject, review, textbook, class note, the final will count for 50% of your grade, research project, run into problemsSchool bulletin, required writing course, first year student, third year stuent, research pape

7、r, sign up, cover the entire process of writing a research paper, selecting topic, final format, presentation, hand in, assignment, final gradeClass meeting, lecture, different concept, hand in, issue, revision, gradeResearch paper, due, proposed topics, make comment, the most frequent problem, broa

8、d, preliminary outline, schedule, available, appointment, final outline, no more than two pages long, thesis statement, precise statement, conclusionWorkshop, intensive, techniques and skills, personal attention, register, advantageConsecutive summer, community center, seminar, workshop, beginning s

9、tudents, advanced students, last four weeks, credit is awarded, informationDiscuss, schedule, midterm, administer, attendance, optional class場景例題：相關事務+專業(yè)討論場景場景特點：場景性開場白+中間專業(yè)內(nèi)容+場景性結尾。開頭老師常見的會有幾種寒暄，結尾老師會總結收場，中間的專業(yè)段落在專業(yè)場景中會涉及。常見套路：開頭寒暄套路結尾總結套路場景詞匯：場景例題：見專業(yè)段落選課場景場景特點：一類是學生和學生之間討論選課，一類是老師和學生之間討論選課。開場白部分即

10、可判定其為選課場景，文章內(nèi)容和結構都相對固定。常見套路：文章的主題：Why does the woma come to see the man? What is the topic of the conversation? What is the main subject of the conversation?老師對學生的疑問：What does the professor concern about?課程太難聽不懂學生選課太多跟不上學生基礎太差學生對自己情況的分析關于退課和放棄課程文章結尾的延伸：What is the teacher going to do next? What is t

11、he student going to do next? What does the student feel at the end of the conversation?場景詞匯：Course, semester, summer session, elective, bird course, splendor, lecture hall, lab, tough decision, pick, choose, grade, relaxed, paper, final exam, advice, sign upEnquiry, credit course, off-campus, progra

12、m, remote, access, internet, degree, distance education, diploma, requirement, format, print materials, audio-tapes, video, teleconferencing, deliver, cost, fixed date, history 490Drop, fail, math 101, rough, test, med schoolUse your advice, do premed, introductory course, non-science major, be weak

13、 in, do poorly in, meet at the same time, modern drama courseSemester, enroll in, graduate course, qualified, hard time keep up, favorite interest, challenging, easy gradePermission to register, take the prerequisite, the beginning course, catalog, instructor, previous experience, formal training, d

14、ecisionSignature, schedule card, advisors approval, quite a heavy load, drop the course, seminarSign up for a noncredit course, intermediate level, grade, regular meetingTransfer, bachelors degree, associate, selective, letters of recommendationHard course, rehearsal, extra time, once a weekFlight p

15、rogram, degree, license, excellent reputation, selective, 場景例題：遲到曠課場景場景特點：一個學生由于遲到或者曠課而向另外一個學生詢問上課的內(nèi)容。常見套路：學生曠課遲到的理由：why was the man late for class? 車壞了得病了睡過了所缺課程的主題：what is the topic of the professors leture which the man has missed?學生補課的套路結尾的保證：what does the man promise to do?場景詞匯：feel good, cover

16、, lecture, point out, chapter, textbook, part, divide, project, focus, due, show up, note, transcribe, emailoversleep, talk abouttrouble with my car, lecture series, attend, admissionfill me in something, dentist, emergency, missed somebodys lecture, note, make sense場景例題：轉(zhuǎn)學場景場景特點：學生想要轉(zhuǎn)學或者轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)，可以涉及的話題

17、還包括轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)申請文書的寫作等。常見套路：學生轉(zhuǎn)學轉(zhuǎn)專業(yè)的理由？why does the student go to see the professor? Why does the professor consider unusual about the students background?學生轉(zhuǎn)學的特殊情況學生應該怎樣去做場景詞匯：Public university, private university, community college, reputation, class size, personal attention, individual attention, interac

18、t, group discussion, tuition, expense, cost, afford, affordable, location, environment, large city, small town, college town, top student, application, experience, special實驗室場景場景特點：有些課是在實驗室上的，就會涉及到實驗室專門的詞匯和專業(yè)內(nèi)容背景。常見套路：實驗室課程的專門用語實驗室設備的專門用語場景詞匯：Laboratory, research procedure, lab assistant, retrieve i

19、nformation, track the course, monitor, track the progressLab instructor, lab experience, setup, equipment, result, grade, lab notebook, proper precautions, protective goggles, toxic effect of chemicals, lab procedure, heavy metalWorkbook, material, experiment, available圖書館場景場景特點：學生和圖書館相關的場景，包括借書還書，圖

20、書館設施，圖書館內(nèi)遇到的問題麻煩等。常見套路：美國大學圖書館的基本制度圖書館的基本部門設置和常見設施借書還書相關以及遇到的各種問題場景詞匯：Library, chek out, spread out, focus, jam, spot, crowd, comfy, far awayDue, finish, renew, check, library card, late, mixed up, request, fine, overdue, pay, process, sign, suspend, privilegeLibrarian, facilities, reference room, r

21、eference material, dictionary, bibliography, literature guide, telephone book, periodical room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal, current issue, older issue, card catalog, listed by title, by author and by topic, call numberreturn, shelves, check out, reserve book, overnigh usesecondhand bookst

22、ore, inscription, front cover, signature, poetry bookpaperback section, indexexit gate, check outreserve, additional copy, article場景例題：課堂內(nèi)容討論場景場景特點：學生課下對于課堂的某些問題的討論，可能涉及作業(yè)、教師等話題常見套路：討論課堂留下的作業(yè)。討論老師教學質(zhì)量。涉及課堂內(nèi)容，比如學生沒有聽懂課下討論上課的某一問題。獎學金場景場景特點：學生與獎學金助學金相關的問題咨詢工作人員。常見套路：咨詢獎學金的種類獎學金授予的資格：What can be inferre

23、d aout the qualifications to apply for bursaries?如何申請獎學金獎學金申請的材料申請到獎學金的可能性獎學金的網(wǎng)站：What is the student most likely to do after this conversation?場景詞匯：Scholarship, bursary, department, information, financial aid, monetary, grant, determine, committee, donor, apply for, financially, in need, consider, o

24、ut-of-town, requirement, website, on-line, submit, official, document, in personscholarship, available, maintain, average, mark, apply for, applicant, committee, honor, award, exam, candidate, weight, guarantee, grade point average (GPA), percent, website, address, rigorous, extra-curricular, hardsh

25、ip, achievement, letter of recommendation, fill, time consuming job, recommend, eligibility, enrolment場景例題：論文場景場景特點：學生與寫論文相關的問題和教授討論。內(nèi)容和結構相對固定。常見套路：論文題目選定論文中包括的資料查找：What information will the man include in his report?老師對論文的后續(xù)服務：What does the professor offer to do for the man?場景詞匯：Organize, essay, to

26、pic, chosen, broad, narrow it down, compare, focused, interested, begin, discussion, opinion, fact, support, idea, check, statistics, percentage, include, words, rough draft, outline, break down, subtopic, office hour, reference, materialResearch paper, discuss, topic, recommend, theory, work progre

27、ssReport, subject, catalog, published source, gather materialInformation, plagiarize, failing grade, gather, note, assimilate the information thoroughly, paraphrase, capture the mian idea, quote directly, finalize the research paperDraft, pass it out in our classes, clear up the problem場景例題：實地考查場景場景

28、特點：指學生fieldtrip野外實地考查的相關，或者外出的各種活動，比如采訪等等。常見套路：Where? Fieldtrip的目的地When? 要去多久？何時走？何時回？Who? 哪些人去？哪個年級去？How? 怎么去？Why? 目的是什么？注意事項，比如帶哪些東西，不帶哪些東西場景詞匯：List, supply, on site, kit, notebook, axe, glove, instrument, measure, clean, cancel, weather, clothes, outside, food, snack, transportation, transport, d

29、igTrip leader, participate, report, field trip場景例題：體育運動場景場景特點：和學生體育運動相關的場景。重點掌握美國大學生所進行的常見體育運動。常見套路：托福聽力中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的體育運動項目每個運動項目的標志詞每個運動項目所常提及的話題每個運動項目的背景知識場景詞匯：場景例題：Spring cycling season, regular hobby, physical fitness routine, bicyclist, expert ridersEndurance test, recreational cyclists, racersSki pa

30、trol, ski patroller, safetyPhysical education class, rock climbing, rope, belt, buckle, safety equipment, climbing trip游玩場景場景特點：和學生出游度假等有關?？梢栽O計度假旅游、周末休閑、郊游活動、電影音樂會等話題。常見套路：出游的目的出游的具體計劃出游的內(nèi)容出游遇到的問題場景詞匯：場景例題：Break, racket, reserve a courtRock concert, vacation, weather打工場景場景特點：一類是招工場景；一類是學生之間、學生和老師之間談

31、論工作的場景。常見套路：托福中學生經(jīng)常從事的工作Teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant各種商業(yè)部門的工作家庭服務性工作與本專業(yè)、或比較有趣的工作工作的內(nèi)容申請的手續(xù)和流程應聘的資格工作的待遇和時間手續(xù)問題工作的具體內(nèi)容場景詞匯：Summer break, work, job, offer, excellent opportunity, practice, wonderful, dilemma, difficult decision, plan, volunteer, NGO, chance, share, interestin

32、g, spend, accept, program, interview, company, application, apply for, money, adviceTough, exam, stressed, dread, cram the night, part-time, money, board, balance, hit the book, energy, tired, sleep, consolation, get through, fun, fondnessAnnouncement, hire, part-time assistant, experience, research

33、, dailyLaboratory assistant, fill out an application, fit into my scheduleVariety of job opportunities, responsible for, volunteer, service, postions are open, link of service, career training, program available, demand physical endurance, receive no salary, pay for living expense, housing and food

34、allowance, additional informationInternship program, advanced planning, career opportunities, working experience, short term experience, permanent employment, full-time, academic credit, supervise, hand out, career advisory service, living expence場景例題：學生組織活動場景場景特點：學生介紹自己組織或者參與的一個活動。常見套路：學生經(jīng)常參加和組織的活動

35、班級競選減肥公益活動活動的目的：What is the main reason for the woman to participate this activity?分發(fā)handout：活動的具體內(nèi)容場景詞匯：Run, marathon, motivator, back into shape, inspire, running buddies, positive, sponsor, tons of money, causeIntroduce, campus daily, volunteer, salary, ceremony, alumni場景例題：報到注冊場景場景特點：新生報到注冊時候遇到的

36、問題。常見套路：報到注冊的時間報到注冊的準備材料報到注冊可能遇到的問題場景詞匯：Registration, time, determine, first year student, mail, designated date, specific time, admission letter, continuing students, average, previous, session, pay, credit card, bank, teller, confirmation slip, in personRegistration, date, newly admitted student,

37、undergraduate, junior, sophomore, returning student, senior, check, pay attention, time, register, designated time, pay, fee, financial aid, financial officer, sponsor, authorization letter, on-line場景例題：校園生活場景場景特點：關于學生租房子或者宿舍相關的話題場景。常見套路：房子條件差與室友很難相處找房子租學校房子的管理制度場景詞匯：Move, accent, pod, international

38、 group, major, lucky, excellent, booklet, regulation, rule, conductive, quiet policy, self-policed, problem, allow, smoke, cook, plug, dryer, voltage, alarm, kitchen, leftover, clean-up day, hot water, meter, washroom, laundry facility, basement, conserving energy, lounge area, heat, air-conditionin

39、g, atorage area, permit, hallway, community space, prior notification, safe, valuable, housekeeper, vacuum cleaner, lock, key, check, fire prevention equipment, cover, overnight visitor, arrange, in advance, religious propaganda, dorm, furnishing, parkRoommate, dormitory, unpacking our things, neatH

40、ousing office, living off campus, cost, rent, utilities, need a car to commute, noisy, peace and quietWinter break, dean, vacation arrangement, fill up the forms, heating cost, temporary accommodationHousing director, checkout procedure, leave for vacation, return your key, summer maintenance crew,

41、residence advisor, pass aroundApartment, dump, functional, noisy場景例題：醫(yī)院場景場景特點：關于學生看病和醫(yī)院相關的場景。常見套路：常見病癥的詞匯常見治療手段的詞匯治病的常見句型總結場景詞匯：Diagnose, patients illness, painful, technological advance, blood and tissue sample, diagnostic techniques, detect diseases, variations in temperature, X rays, side effect,

42、 uncomfortable, endure pain, health careMedical clinic and infirmary, nursing staff, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs, pneumonia, stay in the infirmary, dont feel well, rest more and skip a few classes, get medical excuse, the clinic hour, emergency numberModern medical facility,

43、 health needs, dental clinic, maternity ward, operating room, special sugery, surgeonsStudent Health Services, blood pressure, university nutritionists, processed foods, university hospitalPain, discharge, slight earache, take it easyPrevention, symptoms, cough, fever, funny nose, head and bones ach

44、e, chill, flu, influenza, overtired, stressed out, exposure to virus, sneeze, airborne virus, bodys resistance, ward off the flu, rest, eat well, drink a lot of water, immune system, fight off illness, immunized, vaccine, university health center長段落主要集中在：a. 生物學；b. 地質(zhì)地理學；c. 美國歷史；d. 文學、音樂、繪畫、詩歌等（藝術史類）

45、經(jīng)濟，美國政治及法律生物、地質(zhì)、天文、建筑、考古、心理發(fā)明史、發(fā)展史、美國重要歷史事件、重要人物生平三、常考的考點話題的考點：動物學、植物學、藝術、歷史。天文、地質(zhì)。考點都是相通的。比如藝術家特點，受誰影響。L：動物話題，非常固定，不是所有的點都同時出現(xiàn)，但經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，食譜如雷還是兩棲類，部位及特征，繁殖的條件多少，與其他事物的關系，棲息地及特征，習性（冬眠、遷徙），相關的研究百分百考。新托福聽力場景匯總之LECTURE篇生物學相關地質(zhì)天文學相關新技術發(fā)明相關生物學動物學海洋生物學植物學氣象學地質(zhì)學天文學人類學相關人類學社會熱門話題相關環(huán)保相關能源相關發(fā)明史發(fā)展史發(fā)展史發(fā)明史考古學地理學四、常考

46、的詞匯不需要深厚的背景知識，不需要天文學的背景，熟悉一些詞匯（可控范圍之內(nèi)）精準，熟練程度book apple HibernateCamouflageMigrate city migratoryMammalAmphibian兩棲Parasite寄生蟲新托福聽力場景匯總之LECTURE篇生物學antibody抗體toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫學vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria細菌fermentation發(fā)酵inflection傳染 / 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilizati

47、on滅菌biology生物學marine biology海洋生物學entomology昆蟲學ornithology鳥類學microbiology微生物學genetics遺傳學speciology物種學parasitology寄生蟲學paleontology古生物學paleontologist古生物學家dinosaur恐龍die out / extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動物carnivore食肉動物rodent嚙齒類動物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潛水 / 跳水one-celled organism單細胞有機體tissue（動植物細胞的

48、）組織protective camouflage保護色predator捕獵者oceanic snail蝸牛animal adaptation動物適應性survival of the fittest適者生存origin of species物種起源wild environment野生環(huán)境insecticide殺蟲劑prenatal care產(chǎn)后護理habitat棲息地tentacle觸須prey捕食navigate導航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen物種amphibian兩棲類動物decline in the number數(shù)量減少gene基因genetic基因的，

49、遺傳的endangered species瀕危動物survival活著的transition轉(zhuǎn)變/過渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria細菌single-cell單細胞reptile爬行類動物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孫chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient營養(yǎng)品nourishment營養(yǎng)品 / 食物feed喂養(yǎng)cannibalism同類相食respiration呼吸ingestion攝食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell細胞nucleus細胞核cytopla

50、sm細胞質(zhì)plasma lemma / cell membrane細胞膜cell wall細胞壁protein蛋白質(zhì)amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遺傳mutation of species物種變異chromosome染色體genetic engineering遺傳工程solitary獨居social群居bio-diversity生物多樣性metamorphosis變態(tài)/變形mutation變種variation變異動物學zoology動物學Darwinism達爾文學說natural selection自然選擇phylum門class綱order目suborde

51、r亞目family科genus屬species種invertebrate無脊椎動物vertebrate脊椎動物aquatic life水生動物reptile爬行動物amphibian/amphibious animal兩棲動物protozoa原生動物rodent嚙齒動物ruminant反芻動物parasitic animal寄生動物primate靈長動物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動物coelenterate腔腸動物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草動物mammal哺乳動物homotherm恒溫動物cold-blooded animal冷血動物poikilotherm

52、變溫動物scavenger食腐動物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous雜食的bird鳥類camouflage偽裝hibernate冬眠；蟄伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community動物的群落或人的部落population種群herd獸群hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation公共衛(wèi)生；衛(wèi)生設施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/

53、一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper誘捕動物者niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陳代謝breed（名詞）品種；（動詞）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（魚、蝦、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖學appetite食欲creature生物scales鱗feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系統(tǒng)excretory system排泄系統(tǒng)reproductive system生殖系統(tǒng)circulatory system循環(huán)系統(tǒng)respiratory syste

54、m呼吸系統(tǒng)hormonal system內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小腸large intestine大腸anus肛門digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder膽pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獺antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose駝鹿beaver海貍elk麋鹿reindeer馴鹿giraffe長頸鹿rhinoce

55、ros犀牛hippo河馬sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蠑螈scorpion蝎子turtle龜lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色龍caymen / crocodile鱷魚centipede蜈蚣robin知更鳥owl貓頭鷹barnacle北極鵝penguin企鵝canary金絲雀chirp（鳥、蟲的叫聲）vulture禿鷲crane鶴stork鸛ptarmigan雷鳥migrate遷移plumage羽體camouflage偽裝wing翅膀bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴insect昆蟲wasp黃蜂hornet大黃蜂spider蜘蛛pe

56、st害蟲worm蟲/蠕蟲cicada蟬mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle觸須larva幼蟲海洋生物學jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鯨魚shrimp小蝦prawn對蝦lobster龍蝦crab螃蟹mussel貽貝；蚌類clam蛤蜊oyster牡蠣sponge海綿starfish海星squid魷魚；烏賊burro / octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚plaice鰈，紅斑比目魚植物學botany植物學botanical / botanic植物學的horticulture園藝學a

57、quatic plant水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層/頂棚foliage / leaf葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生stem莖stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果殼husk（干）果殼/（玉米）苞葉trunk樹干bark樹皮branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧場prairie大草原mosses苔蘚shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fer

58、n蕨類植物horsetails木賊類植物club mosses石松類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll葉綠素symbiosis共生symbiotic共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋謝blossom花pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的crossbreed雜交root pressure根壓bore腔/腸cohesion-tension凝聚壓力column花柱necrosis壞死barren貧瘠的；不生育的futil

59、e無用的carbohydrate (starch)碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營養(yǎng)perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant綠油油的，嫩綠的，翠綠的evergreen常青樹conifer tree針葉樹larch落葉松pine松樹spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia紅杉elm榆樹walnut核桃樹redwood紅木樹plum blossom梅花orchid蘭花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/蓮花rhodo

60、dendron杜鵑花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨l(fā)ily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato番茄lettuce萵苣cabbage卷心菜wheat小麥rye黑麥barley大麥oats燕麥氣象學meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學家meteorological station氣象站forecast / predict預報climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對流層stratosph