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1、中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 中醫(yī)藥學(xué)何以值得高度關(guān)注 Why TCM is remarkable中醫(yī)學(xué)是否科學(xué),是中醫(yī)學(xué)界內(nèi)外久盛不衰論戰(zhàn)不休意見常常尖銳對立的話題。Whether TCM is scientific or not is a controversial topic which has been disputed in a long time in community.就多元文化視角下的中國科技史研究這一主題來說,中醫(yī)問題值得深入討論。 The issue of TCM is worthy to be discussed in the view of multicu
2、ltural background of history of science and technology in China.2中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 中醫(yī)藥學(xué)何以值得高度關(guān)注 Why TCM i中醫(yī)藥學(xué)何以值得高度關(guān)注 Why TCM is remarkable中醫(yī)學(xué)在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域有不可替代的重要價值。TCM is incomparable in clinical medicine.但其豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗與其古樸的傳統(tǒng)理論之間存在著復(fù)雜的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。There are complex relations between the rich clinical experience and classi
3、cal traditional theory.中醫(yī)學(xué)理論以其特有的方式把握著某種尚未被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)研究說明的規(guī)律性的東西,其潛在的科學(xué)價值不容忽視。TCM have some regularity which hasnt been proved by modern technology yet in unique way, and the scientific value of TCM cannot be ignored. 對中醫(yī)科學(xué)性的質(zhì)疑往往與中醫(yī)理論的民族化的表達形式有關(guān)。The dispute in the science of TCM always focus on theory of
4、TCM. 3中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽中醫(yī)藥學(xué)何以值得高度關(guān)注 Why TCM is rema 一、自然哲學(xué)形態(tài)理論的不徹底性The Un-thoroughness of theory about the Natural Philosophy Form中醫(yī)學(xué)的基本理論核心概念并非生命現(xiàn)象、疾病現(xiàn)象專屬的確切概念The basic theory of TCM is not specific conception of Life and Diseases.其理論框架、邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)、推理方式受制于其理論核心陰陽五行的學(xué)說體系The theory frame, logic structure and reaso
5、ning methods are confined by the core of TCM.4中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 一、自然哲學(xué)形態(tài)理論的不徹底性The U實際經(jīng)驗雖被系統(tǒng)化說明,但其各個組成部分之間并不存在嚴格的邏輯關(guān)系,常常只是在有限的范圍內(nèi)言之成理Though the practical validity has been proved systematically, there is no strictly logic relationship among constituents. Usually the practical experiences only are reasonabl
6、e in limited field.5中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽實際經(jīng)驗雖被系統(tǒng)化說明,但其各個組成部分之間并不存在嚴格的邏作為自然哲學(xué)的理論體系,中醫(yī)理論解釋生命世界的模型并非由核心概念、基本原理、基本規(guī)律逐級展開的嚴格的層級性邏輯系統(tǒng)。As natural philosophy, the interpretation of life world in TCM is not a strict logic system including levels of core concept, basic theory and basic regularity.理論模型中不同構(gòu)件間的關(guān)系有些是虛構(gòu)而成In
7、 the theoretical model of TCM, some of the relationship among different elements is imaginary.6中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽作為自然哲學(xué)的理論體系,中醫(yī)理論解釋生命世界的模型并非由核心陰陽五行、臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)、氣血津液及各種辨證方法等等不同層級的學(xué)說、概念的內(nèi)涵及其現(xiàn)實相關(guān)度有很大差異The contents of Yin yang and five elements, fu organs and meridian, Qi and blood and some reasoning methods are far f
8、rom the mechanism of body. 看似相同的概念在不同層級上的含義,如陰陽、陰虛陽虛、腎陰腎陽、腎陰虛腎陽虛分屬不同層級Some concepts seemed like each other are in different level of meanings, such as yin and yang.7中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽陰陽五行、臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)、氣血津液及各種辨證方法等等不同層級的學(xué)說概念內(nèi)涵只有在某種變動不居的關(guān)系中動態(tài)性把握Concepts and connotations only can be dynamic acknowledged in some relati
9、onship. 8中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽概念內(nèi)涵只有在某種變動不居的關(guān)系中動態(tài)性把握8中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存類比推理的或然邏輯未必表達得出真實世界的必然性聯(lián)系Probable logic of Analogy reasoning improbably shows inevitability of real world.臨床實踐成功經(jīng)驗表述方式受到這種理論語言的局限常常難于確切把握The expression of the successful experiences in clinical practice is limited by the theoretical language, therefor
10、e, its hard to grasp precisely.9中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽類比推理的或然邏輯未必表達得出真實世界的必然性聯(lián)系9中醫(yī)學(xué)文 不同層級理論概念現(xiàn)實相關(guān)度差異很大Theres much difference between the practical correlative degree of each different level .概念的理論來源與經(jīng)驗的組織、呈現(xiàn)方式、理論概念與經(jīng)驗的交互作用、經(jīng)驗究竟如何檢驗著理論都需要給出更透徹的說明It need more clear explain about the theoretical source of the conc
11、ept and the organization, modes of presentation of experience ,interaction between theoretical concepts and experience and how experience examine the theory.10中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 不同層級理論概念現(xiàn)實相關(guān)度差異很大There哲學(xué)化的語言如不改變形態(tài)便難于轉(zhuǎn)化成可以進入現(xiàn)代體系的公共語言,難于成為確切的研究對象If the philosophilized narration didnt transform into public lang
12、uage that can adapt itself to modern system, TCM will be difficult to be a specific study subject.對以舊有方式表達的各種經(jīng)驗的本質(zhì)的揭示,不能固守傳統(tǒng)理論,而應(yīng)專注于特定表達方式背后的真實經(jīng)驗To reveal the essence of the experiences interpreted with old expression, instead of adhere to tradition theory, we should focus on the real experiences be
13、hind the specific expression.11中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽哲學(xué)化的語言如不改變形態(tài)便難于轉(zhuǎn)化成可以進入現(xiàn)代體系的公共語 文化依存性放大與疆界迷失 To extend the dependency of culture and to blur the boundary 何為中醫(yī)學(xué)理論?正統(tǒng)教科書式的表述并未全面清晰界定What is TCM Theory? There is no comprehensive and clear definition in the orthodox textbooks.各類中醫(yī)古籍所涉內(nèi)容幾乎無所不包The contents of anci
14、ent books and documents of TCM almost includes all aspects.12中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 文化依存性放大與疆界迷失 To extend t近年,中醫(yī)學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)文化依存性被有意無意地放大,使中醫(yī)學(xué)幾乎迷失了自身疆界,養(yǎng)生亂象與此有關(guān)。The cultural dependency of TCM study has been exaggerated consciously or unconsciously, which makes TCM study almost lose its own boundary to a larger extent.
15、 魚龍混雜的復(fù)雜局面侵蝕著中醫(yī)學(xué)的機體,中醫(yī)藥學(xué)依然需要長期的文化解蔽。The mixed-up complexity has been eroding TCM study, and the process of de-shielding TCM with highly culture dependency will be for long.13中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽近年,中醫(yī)學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)文化依存性被有意無意地放大,使中醫(yī)學(xué)幾乎迷如何從獨特的文化傳統(tǒng)成果中開掘出可資當今醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)借鑒的再生資源,研究仍處于起步階段Were still at the initial stage of studying h
16、ow can we mining renew resources which modern medicine can be absorbing from through researching our unique traditional culture. 14中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽如何從獨特的文化傳統(tǒng)成果中開掘出可資當今醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)借鑒的再生資 二、中醫(yī)學(xué)整體觀念及其經(jīng)驗載體The whole concept of TCM and its carrier experience中醫(yī)學(xué)整體觀念確實體現(xiàn)著中醫(yī)學(xué)的某種獨特性。The whole concept of TCM embody the uniq
17、ueness of TCM.但整體觀念的實現(xiàn)始終只能依賴于具體的醫(yī)療經(jīng)驗。However, it can only depend on the detailed clinical experience to achieve the whole concept. 強調(diào)中醫(yī)研究不能脫離臨床蓋緣于此。Thats why the study on TCM can not be separated from clinical practice. 15中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 二、中醫(yī)學(xué)整體觀念及其經(jīng)驗載體The whol 醫(yī)療實踐的整體性The integrity of medical practice醫(yī)學(xué)
18、始于對疾病的認識而非始于健康觀念。Medicine originate from cognition of disease rather than concept of health.疾病現(xiàn)象總會伴生某種整體狀態(tài),至少是患者的心身感受。Disease always produce some kind of whole state, at least, the physical and mental feeling of patients. 16中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 醫(yī)療實踐的整體性The integrity o即便某種疾病的產(chǎn)生有著相對局限、單一或者確定的內(nèi)在根源,其外在表現(xiàn)也會呈現(xiàn)出某種整體
19、性。Even if the production of some disease has the relative limitation, sole or the determination intrinsic root, the external performance will also present some kind of integrity.在沒有通過實體結(jié)構(gòu)變化理解疾病根由的條件下,細致觀察外在狀態(tài)就是醫(yī)生的唯一手段。In the condition of understanding diseases origin without the solid structure chan
20、ge, the only method that a doctor could take is to carefully observe the external condition.17中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽即便某種疾病的產(chǎn)生有著相對局限、單一或者確定的內(nèi)在根源,其外 醫(yī)療實踐的整體性The integrity of medical practice在相對特異性的疾病中,規(guī)律性地表現(xiàn)出來的狀態(tài)就被規(guī)定為某種證候。In the relative specificity disease, the condition which regularly displays is defined as so
21、me kind of symptoms (Zheng Hou).同一疾病在不同時期或在不同情況下,其不同狀態(tài)間存在某種演化關(guān)系,使人們在對其內(nèi)在根源的推測中也建立了某種聯(lián)系。There is a evolutionary relationships between different states of the same disease at different times or in different situations, which establish a link in peoples inference of its underlying causes. 18中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽
22、醫(yī)療實踐的整體性The integrit捕捉到某種其他認識方式尚未把握到的內(nèi)在規(guī)律是中醫(yī)學(xué)的獨到之處。 To capture the internal law that other means of cognition failed to grasp is the uniqueness of TCM.得到一定程度系統(tǒng)化說明的舊經(jīng)驗在新的現(xiàn)實面前可以引出某種新嘗試并可能不斷導(dǎo)致某種成功。In front of new reality, the old experiences which are descript in systematic way to some extent can lead
23、to a new attempt and may cause a serious of success. 19中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽捕捉到某種其他認識方式尚未把握到的內(nèi)在規(guī)律是中醫(yī)學(xué)的獨到之處但中醫(yī)作為經(jīng)驗科學(xué),實踐基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)驗而還不具有系統(tǒng)的實驗研究的證據(jù)基礎(chǔ);As a science of experience, TCM practice is based on the experience rather than the evidence proved by the systematic experimental study. 它在現(xiàn)今的知識增長方式仍然主要靠在具體的醫(yī)療實踐過程中摸索積累。
24、Its knowledge development mainly depend on the exploring and accumulation of specific medical practice.20中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽但中醫(yī)作為經(jīng)驗科學(xué),實踐基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)驗而還不具有系統(tǒng)的實驗研究的而難于借助現(xiàn)代技術(shù)引入實驗研究領(lǐng)域深入探索,就不能較快轉(zhuǎn)化為具有普遍意義的規(guī)律性知識。 It cannot be quickly transformed into the universal knowledge in law with difficulty in introducing experimenta
25、l study to explore the domain thoroughly with the aid of modern technology.強調(diào)整體性經(jīng)驗的價值不應(yīng)一味歌頌舊整體觀Emphasize the value of integrity experiences, but should not blindly praise the old whole concept.21中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽而難于借助現(xiàn)代技術(shù)引入實驗研究領(lǐng)域深入探索,就不能較快轉(zhuǎn)化為中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽培訓(xùn)課件這種情況在以連續(xù)性、不可分割性、自我化生性為特征的氣論哲學(xué)思想體系中得到強化。This situati
26、on has been strengthened by the philosophy of Qi which is characterized by continuous, indivisible and self-metaplastic.中醫(yī)的整體觀從非結(jié)構(gòu)性實體認識來說是無奈的,而從氣一元論哲學(xué)來說是自覺的。The whole view of TCM from non-structural entity understanding is compelled to do , but from Qi monism philosophy it is conscious.23中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽這
27、種情況在以連續(xù)性、不可分割性、自我化生性為特征的氣論哲學(xué)思 三、新整體觀可否重生于分析性研究Can new whole concept rebirth in the analytical study 在中醫(yī)學(xué)界的自我辯護中,作為中國傳統(tǒng)文化性格表征的整體論一直被反復(fù)強調(diào)。In self-defense of Chinese academic circles, wholism has been underlined repeatedly as the representing the Chinese traditional culture.在當今世界整體論思想受到空前關(guān)注的情況下,中醫(yī)學(xué)界對自身
28、優(yōu)長評價很高且期望甚殷。Under the condition that wholism draws unprecedented attention in nowadays, the Chinese academic highly evaluate their own superiority.24中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽 三、新整體觀可否重生于分析性研究Can ne實際上,對一種哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)注主要在于它倡導(dǎo)的思維方式、思想導(dǎo)向和概念模型In fact, the concern of a philosophical tradition is that it initiated the ways of
29、 thinking, thought guidance and conceptional mold.研究實踐需要清晰的路線和具體的工具與方法。 Study practice need a clear line , specific methods and instruments.25中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽實際上,對一種哲學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)注主要在于它倡導(dǎo)的思維方式、思想導(dǎo)當今對現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)某些局限的強烈關(guān)注使中醫(yī)界出現(xiàn)了對所謂還原分析方法的嚴重懷疑 Nowadays, theres generate serious doubts by concern to certain limitations of mo
30、dern medicine on the so-called reduction analysis method in TCM.以致忽視了中醫(yī)、西醫(yī)研究對象原本一致、只是由于方法與手段的不同走上了不同的道路。So that ignoring the same subject of Chinese and Western medicine, different methods and means lead to different roads. 26中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽當今對現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)某些局限的強烈關(guān)注使中醫(yī)界出現(xiàn)了對所謂還原分析二者雖各有所長,但傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)經(jīng)驗方法在確切把握認識對象的有效性方面,缺
31、少必要技術(shù)工具因而成長緩慢。Both of them have advantages, in the aspect of effectiveness of the knowing object, traditional Chinese experience method grow slowly due to lacks of the essential technical tools. 27中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽二者雖各有所長,但傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)經(jīng)驗方法在確切把握認識對象的有效性中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代研究為時尚短,成就有限,使有些人將現(xiàn)代分析研究方法斥之為還原論局限而多方懷疑。Modern Study of TCM
32、 starts not for long with limited achievement, so modern analysis methods is used in TCM that caused much more doubts about Reductionism . 在復(fù)雜性研究正在興起的背景下,更有人直接給中醫(yī)冠以復(fù)雜性科學(xué)的美稱,夸大著獨立發(fā)展的意義。Under the background of complex research, some people took the complex science for granted, and exaggerated the sign
33、ificance of independent development of TCM.28中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代研究為時尚短,成就有限,使有些人將現(xiàn)代分析研究方法生命科學(xué)及醫(yī)學(xué)面對至為復(fù)雜的生命現(xiàn)象和人類疾病,中醫(yī)學(xué)的確以特有的方式觸及到某種尚未被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)研究說明的規(guī)律性的東西。The life science and medicine facing the complex biological phenomena and human disease, TCM medicine indeed is related to regular things in the unique way
34、which hadnt been indicated by the modern science.然而,要深化這些認識,做出更為深刻的說明,則非借助現(xiàn)代分析研究不可。However, to deepen the understanding and to make a more profound note should depend on the modern analysis.29中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽生命科學(xué)及醫(yī)學(xué)面對至為復(fù)雜的生命現(xiàn)象和人類疾病,中醫(yī)學(xué)的確以中醫(yī)的所有可貴發(fā)現(xiàn)都應(yīng)成為研究對象All the valuable discovery of TCM should be studied
35、.而進一步研究就需要借助日益強大的現(xiàn)代研究手段,研究仍然主要靠分析。Further study ask for the support of scientific method, and study depends on analysis.以科學(xué)工具解文化之蔽至為重要。Its important to get rid of the false by scientific method. 30中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽中醫(yī)的所有可貴發(fā)現(xiàn)都應(yīng)成為研究對象30中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽透過成功經(jīng)驗,直接面對現(xiàn)實中具體對象展開研究,才有望取得可持續(xù)深化的成果。Its possible to have achiev
36、ements through the study of the successful experience and the specific real objects. 因為隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,人們認識生命現(xiàn)象和疾病的能力大大增強,幾乎每一項相關(guān)技術(shù)的進步都在改變著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)的面貌。 With the rapid development of modern science and technology, peoples ability to know the biological phenomena and disease enhanced greatly. Almost every related technology advances change the way of modern medicine more or less. 31中醫(yī)學(xué)文化依存性解蔽透過成功經(jīng)驗,直接面對現(xiàn)實中具體對象展開研究,才有望取得可持中醫(yī)學(xué)要在現(xiàn)代人的知識體系中處于應(yīng)有位置,成為現(xiàn)代知識譜系的分支,采用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)手段,運用現(xiàn)代社會、國際社會共有的表述方式。TCM will hold proper position in modern knowledge systems, it will become a part of sci
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