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1、Chapter 4 Learn to use Linking words You go, I go你去我也去?Introduction: 乍一看上面這個(gè)句子人們都能理解,但這是個(gè)典型的病句。為什么呢?由于它沒(méi)有連詞。在雅思口語(yǔ)的評(píng)分中有一項(xiàng)是coherence,其實(shí)指的就是how well ideas are put together, and what kind of structures are used to connect one idea or one sentence to another.可以說(shuō)連詞就是把單詞變成詞組,詞組變成單句,單句變成并列句或復(fù)合句的粘和劑。因此上面這句話(huà)對(duì)
2、的地說(shuō)法是:If you go, so will I.Task 1: you are going to hear two paragraphs, while listening, pay attention to some useful phrases about linking words. Paragraph 1: compound sentences(并列連詞)My wife and I love each other. We not only work together, but (also) do the housework together (as well). On weeken
3、ds, we either go to movies or go to concerts. But (however, nevertheless), we have quarrels once in a while, for we have different ideas. Therefore, we have to make compromises. So our love grows with time. Both my friends and hers envy us.Paragraph 2: complex sentence (附屬連詞)When I was a girl, I had
4、 a dream that I would be a doctor after I grew up so that I could help many people in need. My father came into my room one day while(as) I was doing my homework and said, My dear girl, if you want to be a doctor in the future, you have to work very hard. Unless you work hard, you wont make your dre
5、am come true, because a doctor needs to be knowledgeable. Since I entered college last year, I have worked like crazy as if there were only one day left for me. I never go to bed until all the lights are off. Wherever I go, I will bring a book with me. Even before I go to sleep, I will listen to my
6、MP3 to polish my English. As a result, Im doing better than anyone else does in my class!Task 2: listen to the paragraphs again. Then it is required for you to remember these phrases and expressions below. 1.Balancing Contrasting Pointson the other handI cant decide which country to study in. Britai
7、n has many universities and a long history, so it would be interesting to study there. On the other hand, Australia has a nicer climate. Its a difficult decision.alternativelyYou could get a degree in accountancy in Britain. Alternatively, you could do it in Australia or New Zealand.at the same time
8、I think good teachers have to be quite strict in order to keep the class under control. At the same time, teachers should be warm and friendly so the students can relate to them as human beings.2.Emphasizing a ContrasthoweverIm interested in science and computers. However, my sisters more interested
9、 in art and music.nevertheless (a little formal)I wouldnt say that all advertisements are a bad influence on children some of them are quite informative and entertaining. Nevertheless, I think some advertisements are detrimental to children. For example, mind you (informal but good to use!)To tell y
10、ou the truth, I dont really like my job very much. Mind you, the salarys quite good!yetHe does the least study of any of us, yet he almost always gets the best grades!in spite of (this)/despite thisThe other hotel was more expensive than the first one, about double the room rate, in fact. In spite o
11、f the cost, we chose to stay at that one because we wanted a taste of luxury for a night.3.SimilaritysimilarlyYes, I think there should be a little more emphasis on practical skills, especially in primary school. Similarly, in high school and university, there should be more emphasis on the practica
12、l application of what students learn.4.Contradictingon the contraryA: “I guess you play a lot of computer games.”B: “On the contrary, I rarely play computer games.”5.Concession (These examples of concession are followed by a counter argument beginning with but.)These beginning words can be used to c
13、oncede that the other speaker is correct.of course; admittedly; naturally; obviously; clearly; undeniably; undoubtedlyOf course, theres always an exception to the rule but, in general, I still stand by what I said.Admittedly, some people do waste money but I think the majority of people are pretty c
14、areful with their money.Most Chinese people about the age of twenty make their own decisions about important things in life. After all, theyre adults at that age.6.Persuadingafter allMost Chinese people about the age of twenty make their own decisions about important things in life. After all, theyr
15、e adults at that age.7.Dismissal of Previous Discourseanyway = anyhow = at any rate = in any caseAnyway, I eventually got there and nobody noticed that I was late! (After telling a story about being late.)at leastAt least I got there before the main part of the ceremony. (After telling a story about
16、 being late.)8.Gaining TimeLet me see; Lets see; Well; You know9.Addingmoreover (very formal - best not used in the speaking test)furthermore (a little formal)in addition (a little formal)whats more (This sounds a little formal if not spoken in the contracted form)as well as thatArt classes for, say
17、, primary school children encourage the development of the imagination, creativity and self-expression. As well as that, these art classes provide an opportunity for those who have special artistic talent to become aware of this talent, which is something they might never have known if they had neve
18、r attended an art class.on top of that (informal)Well, firstly, emails are much faster and cheaper than handwritten letters. On top of that, theyre much more convenient because you can read or write emails with just a few strokes of the keyboard, without worrying about paper, envelopes and stamps or
19、 going out to mail your letters.another thing isI think the latest video technology is in many ways superior to books in educational value because this technology has written words but also has information in audio and video form. Another thing is, its easier to store and carry around a disc than a
20、book that holds the same amount of information.besides = in any caseTheres a restaurant near my home but I dont often go there because its too expensive and, to be quite frank, I dont like their service. For example, theyre much too slow. Besides, right now Im on a diet and I usually eat too much wh
21、en I go to restaurants.10.Giving Examplesfor example; for instance; as an example; in particular; to begin with; to start with; for a start11. Clarifying; Giving DetailsI mean; actually; that is to say (formal especially if not spoken using the contracted form); in other words; in fact; in actual fact; as a matter of
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