【英語】高考英語閱讀理解試題(有答案和解析)及解析

【英語】高考英語閱讀理解試題（有答案和解析）及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1.閱讀理解Plasticsludge(污泥)andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem."Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown. ”Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant. ”Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets( 磁鐵).Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues. "Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon(黎巴嫩).ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."CutbackonsunseeDlastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials. healthyoceanssaysessentialtooursurvival.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.Whatdoestheunderlinedword "it"refertoinparagraph3?A.Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.B.Theplasticparticles.C.Seafood. D.Fattytissues.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,D.Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.Whichmaybethetitleofthepassage?PlasticpollutionintheWorld.Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.Plasticpollutionandourhealth.【答案】(1)D⑵BCB【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了塑料污染對海洋導(dǎo)致的影響。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句： AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金會的朱莉安德森說，我們看到的只是問題的冰山一角。故可推測塑料對海洋的污染比我們所看到的更嚴(yán)重，故選Do(2)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets(磁鐵).可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微觀層面感染食物鏈，有時是明顯的，塑料顆粒與其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金屬，藥物，工業(yè)廢物，使其像磁鐵一樣 .it指代的是塑料顆粒。故選Bo(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知，安德森說人們還可以做更多事情來預(yù)防污染，可推測出安德森對于目前解決塑料問題所做的工作不滿意。故選Co(4)主旨大意題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了塑料污染海洋災(zāi)害。故選Bo【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2.閱讀理解Moreandmorecommentssectionsarebeingshutdownonline.AutumnPhillipshadhadenough.OnAug.19,theexecutiveeditoroftheQuad-CityTimesinIowa,andIllinois,USvisitedherwebsite,,andsawastoryaboutamanwhohadbeenshottodeath.Whenshegottothereaders'commentssectionsattheend,shewasshockedbywhatshesaw.Belowthestorywasagrowingnumberofcomments —aracistremarkaboutdemocraticvotes,anegativecommentaboutpolice …SoPhillipsdecidedtodosomethingshehadbeenthinkingaboutforalongtime:sheshutdownthecommentssections.Phillipswasnotaloneinmakingsuchamove.Lastweek,NPRannouncedktoowasclosingitsonlinecommentssections.Thedecisionsdon'tmeanthatthenewsoutletsarenolongerinterestedinwhattheiraudiencesarethinking.Bothstressedtheireagernesstohearfromreadersandlistenersonsocialnetworks.Butbothagreedthatcommentshaddeviatedfromtheiroriginalintention.Andsotheyhad.Inearlydaysofdigitaljournalism,commentswereseenasakeypartofthisnewmedia,awonderfulopportunityforstrengtheningthedialoguebetweennewsproducersandtheiraudiences.Itwasawelcomechange,giventhatforlongmanynewsorganizationswerefartooseparatedfromtheirreaders.Muchmorebackandforthconversationseemedlikehealthyandwelcomeevolution.Sadly,that'snotthewaythingsturnedout.Ratherthanaplaceforexchangingideas,commentssectionsbecamethehomeofuglyname-calling,racismandantiwomenlanguage.Besidestheirpoisonousquality,commentsseemoutofplacetoday."Sincewemadetheannouncement,I'vereceivedanoutpouringofresponsesfromourreaders,"shesays."I'veheardfromparentswhosechildrenwerehurtbyouronlinecomments.I'veheardfrompeoplewhosaidtheywouldn'tsendinletterstotheeditorbecausetheywereattackedsofiercelybycomments,andwasn'tworthit."WhydidAutumnPhillipsshutdownthecommentssections?A.Theywereputtowronguse. B.Herwebsitewasattackedheavily.C.Theyexposedmanyillegalissues. D.Shewasangryaboutreaders'comments.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3indicateaboutcomments?A.Theywereoutofdate. B.Theyhadgoneagainsttheiroriginalintentions.C.Theywerefullofsensitiveinformation.D.Theycouldn'tinteresttheaudience.Whatwasthewelcomechangeintheearlydigitaljournalism?A.Readers,havingmoreaccesstonews.B.Readers'makinglessnegativecomments.C.Readers'freedomtoexpresstheirthoughts.D.Readers'activeinvolvementinthenewsindustry.HowdomanyreadersfeelaboutAutumnPhillips,moveaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Cautious. B.Hopeful. C.Surprised. D.Supportive.【答案】(1)A⑵BDD【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇議論文，越來越多的在線評論被關(guān)閉了。雖然在數(shù)字新聞業(yè)的早期，在線評論被視為新媒體的重要組成部分，是加強(qiáng)新聞生產(chǎn)者與受眾之間對話的絕佳機(jī)會；但事實(shí)上評論區(qū)不是一個交流思想的地方，里面充滿了各種負(fù)面的消息。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的 "Whenshegottothereaders'commentssectionsattheend,shewasshockedbywhatshesaw.Belowthestorywasagrowingnumberofcomments—aracistremarkaboutdemocraticvotes,anegativecommentaboutpolice …SoPhillipsdecidedtodosomethingshehadbeenthinkingaboutforalongtime:sheshutdownthecommentssections.可知，AutumnPhillips關(guān)閉了評論部分是因?yàn)樗麄儽诲e誤地使用了。故選 A。(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的 "Thedecisionsdon'tmeanthatthenewsoutletsarenolongerinterestedinwhattheiraudiencesarethinking.Bothstressedtheireagernesstohearfromreadersandlistenersonsocialnetworks.Butbothagreedthatcommentshaddeviatedfromtheiroriginalintention.這些決定并不意味著新聞媒體不再對他們的聽眾的想法感興趣。兩人都強(qiáng)調(diào)，他們渴望在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上聽到讀者和聽眾的聲音。但雙方都認(rèn)為，評論偏離了他們最初的意圖。由此推知劃線句子的意思是 他們違背了他們最初的意圖。 ”故選Bo(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 "Inearlydaysofdigitaljournalism,commentswereseenasakeypartofthisnewmedia,awonderfulopportunityforstrengtheningthedialoguebetweennewsproducersandtheiraudiences.Itwasawelcomechange,giventhatforlongmanynewsorganizationswerefartooseparatedfromtheirreaders.可知，在早期的數(shù)字新聞中，讀者積極參與新聞行業(yè)是受歡迎的改變。故選 Do(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的 "I'veheardfromparentswhosechildrenwerehurtbyouronlinecomments.I'veheardfrompeoplewhosaidtheywouldn'tsendinletterstotheeditorbecausetheywereattackedsofiercelybycomments,andwasn'tworthit.可知，根據(jù)最后——段許多讀者對AutumnPhillips是支持的。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3.閱讀理解Asthedaysgetshorterandthechillyweatherrollsin,weallwanttocurlupinablanketandhibernateuntilspringrollsaround.Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldout,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize.Whilethelinkbetweensunshineandmentalhealthisnothingnew,newresearchfromBrighamYoungUniversity(BYU)hasshownthattheassociationmaybeevenstrongerthanpreviouslyrealized.Itfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealthoutcomes.Inotherwords:moresunshine,morehappiness.Forthestudy,apsychologist,aphysicistandastatisticianfromBYUteameduptocomparedailyenvironmentaldatafromtheuniversity'sPhysicsandAstronomyWeatherStationwithemotionalhealthdataarchivedbydayfor16,452adulttherapypatientswhowerebeingtreatedattheBYUCounselingandPsychologicalServicesCenter.Exposuretosunlightisasignificantfactorinseasonalaffectivedisorder.Researchhasshownthatthebrainproducesmoreofthefeel-goodneurotransmitterserotoninonsunnydaysthanitdoesondarkerdays.What'smore,lackofsunlightislinkedwithlowervitaminDlevels,whichinturnhasbeencorrelatedwithdepressionandlowenergy.Ifyou'regettingenoughsun,youremotionsshouldremainrelativelystable,theresearchersfound.Butastheamountofsunlightinthedayisreduced,levelsofemotionalpaincansoar.Otherweathervariablesincludingtemperature,pollutionandrainwerenotfoundtohaveanimpactonmentalhealth."Weweresurprisedthatmanyoftheweatherandpollutionvariablesweincludedinthestudywerenotsignificantlycorrelatedwithclients'scoresonthedistressmeasureoncewehadaccountedforsuntime,"Dr.MarkBeecher,aprofessorofpsychologyattheuniversityandthestudy'sleadauthor,toldTheHuffingtonPost."Peopletendtoassociaterainydays,pollution,andothermeteorologicalphenomenawithsadnessordepression,butwedidnotfindthat."WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinParagraph1?A.Realizedthebenefitsofsunshine.B.Avoidhibernatinginspringtime.C.Curlupinablanketincoldweather.D.Enjoysunshineevenincoldweather.Theunderlinedword"soar"inParagraph5mostprobablymeans" "?A.Risesharply.B.Varyunstably.C.Dropslightly.D.Changegreatly.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheresearchdonebyBYU?A.Itisdoneonnormaladultsofvariousages.B.ItiscarriedoutbyDrMarkBeecheralone.C.Itconcludesthesunshinemeanshappiness.D.Itfindsthattemperatureaffectsmentalhealth.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.LowervitaminDlevelsarehelpfulinkeepingusenergeticB.Theresearchfindingsareinconsistentwiththepopularbelief.C.Themoresunshineweget,thelessexcitedwearelikelytofeel.D.Thelinkbetweensunshineandmentalhealthwasunknownbefore.【答案】(1)D⑵ACB【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明：陽光照射是影響心理健康結(jié)果的最重要的天氣因素。換句話說：陽光越多，幸福越多。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的 "Butmakingtimetogetoutsideinthesun,evenwhenit'scoldout,couldhavebiggermoodbenefitsthanyoumightrealize花時間曬太陽，甚至當(dāng)‘外面很冷的時候也要這樣做，這可能對你的情緒有很大好處。可知，作者建議我們曬太陽，哪怕天氣很冷。故選 Do(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的 "Ifyou'regettingenoughsun,youremotionsshouldremainrelativelystable,theresearchersfound.Butastheamountofsunlightinthedayisreduced,levelsofemotionalpaincansoar.如果你獲得足夠的陽光，你的情緒應(yīng)該會保持相對地穩(wěn)定?？梢酝浦?，當(dāng)光照量減少的時候，人們的情緒就不會那么穩(wěn)定，痛苦情緒就會增加。故選Ao(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 "Itfindsthatsunlightexposureisbyfarthegreatestweather-relatedfactordeterminingmentalhealthoutcomes.Inotherwords:moresunshine,morehappiness.研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，陽光照射是影響心理健康結(jié)果最重要的天氣因素。換句話說：陽光越多，越快樂。故選 Co(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的 "Peopleendtoassociaterainydays,pollution,andothermeteorologicalphenomenawithsadnessordepression,butwedidnotfindthat 人們傾向于將雨天、污染和其他氣象現(xiàn)象與悲傷或抑郁聯(lián)系起來，但我們的研究沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)?？芍?，BYU的研究結(jié)果和大眾的看法不一致。故選 Bo【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解MicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.MicheleownsExLibrisCafeinPolla,asmalltowninsouthernItaly.Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogrambecausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment."Mygoalist0spreadthepassionandloveforbooksamongthosepeopleinItalywhodonotusuallyreadwhileatthetimehelpingtheenvironment,"Gentileexplained.Theideafortheinitiative（倡議）cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddleschoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.Workingtogether,theschoolchildrenandGentilecollectedenoughcanstopurchasebooksforanentireclassroom.HisnewprogramtooofffromthereandhasalreadyspreadintonorthernItaly:Gentile'shopeshisworkwillcontinuetomakeheadlinesandbecomeaworldwideinitiative.ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea"suspended"book.TheideacomesfromaWorldWarIIpracticeinwhichcustomerswouldbuytwoCoffees:oneforthemselvesandanotherforthenextpersoninline.Gentilehasbeenusingtheextrabooksaspartofhisrecyclinginitiative,WhileGentile'sprogramisagreatwaytorecycleandgetkidstoread,italsobringsawarenesstothegrowingproblemofplasticwaste.Single-useplasticsmakeuparound26percentofalltheplasticsintheworld,only14percentofwhicharerecycled.Plasticsthatendupinlandfillstakearound500yearstodecompose（分解）,isamajorconcernforenvironmentalists.Cuttingdownonplasticwasteisimportantifwewanttobettertheenvironmentforfuturegenerations,andrecyclingprogramslikeGentile'sbookgiveawayareagreatwaytomeetthatgoal.（1）WhatisthepurposeofGentile'sbookgiveaway?A.Tosellmorecoffeeandbooks.B.Toattractmorecustomers.C.Tocollectmoneyforanewproject.D.Toinspirereadingandrecycling.（2）HowdidGentilecomeupwiththeidea?A.Workingwithaschooltorecyclecans.B.Seeingschoolkidsdon'tlikereading.C.Donatingbooksforalocalschool.D.Buyinga“suspended”bookforachild.（3）Whopayforthebooksoftheproject?A.Thelocalgovernment.B.Gentilehimself.C.Somepublishers.D.Hiscustomers.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnItalian'sReadingInitiativeB.RecyclingCanGetKidsFreeBooksC.Michele'sWayofDoingBusinessD.ANewWaytoDealwithPlasticWaste【答案】（1）DADB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，意大利書商 MicheleGentile發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)“拿瓶換書”的活動，只要孩子們拿一個塑料瓶和一個鋁罐就可以跟他換一本書，以此來鼓勵孩子們閱讀和環(huán)保。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hesaidhethoughtoftherecyclingprogram,becausehewantedtoinspirechildreninthesmalltowntoreadandpayattentiontotheenvironment.他說他想到了環(huán)保的項(xiàng)目，他想啟發(fā)和鼓勵這個小鎮(zhèn)的孩子們閱讀和關(guān)注環(huán)保 ）可知，Michele的目的是鼓勵和啟發(fā)孩子們閱讀和環(huán)保。故選 D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的 “Theideafortheinitiative（倡議）cameafterGentilecollaboratedwithanearbymiddleschoolonanaluminumrecyclingproject.這個倡議的想法”是在和附近的一個中學(xué)合作鋁回收項(xiàng)目之后產(chǎn)生的，可知，和一所中學(xué)合作鋁回收的項(xiàng)目讓Michele有了這個想法。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的 “ThefreebookscomefromcustomersinGentile'sshopwhohavedonatedmoneytopurchasea''suspended"book.這些免費(fèi)圖書來自于 ” Gentile書店的顧客，他們捐錢買了一本“暫停使用”的書，可知，書店的顧客為圖書付了錢。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的 “MicheleGentile,anItalianbookseller,isofferingfreebookstochildreninexchangeforplasticbottlestorecycle.一位名叫MicheleGen”tile的書商正在為孩子們提供可回收的塑料瓶可以換得的免費(fèi)書籍，可知，本文主要講述MicheleGentile讓孩子通過可回收利用的塑料瓶來換免費(fèi)書籍的故事。故選 B。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解Eleven-year-oldRubyKateChitseylovesaskingthequestion"Ifyoucouldhaveanythreethings,whatwouldyouwant?"atnursinghomesinHarrison.Evenmoreamazing,shethensetsouttomaketheresidentswholiveinthenursinghomerealizetheirdreams.LastMay,RubyKatenoticedaresidentnamedPearlstaringoutawindow.Sheseemedsad."Whatareyoulookingat?"RubyKateasked.Pearlsaidherdogwasledawaybyhisnewownerbecauseshecouldn'taffordtoraiseit.RubyKateandhermother,Amanda,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Shestartedbyaskingresidentswhatthreethingstheywantedmostintheworld.Amandaworriedthatpeoplewouldaskforcarsandotherthingsan11-year-oldwouldn'tbeabletoprovide.Instead,theyaskedforchocolatebars,McDonaldfries,pantsthatftproperlyandevenjustprayer.Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.Thentheystartedaskingfordonations.ThegoodpeopleofHarrisonrespondedenthusiastically,somuchsohatAmandasetupaGoFundMepage,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidents,hopingtocollect%5,000.Theyhittheirgoalinamonth.AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised$20,000in24hoursandmorethan$250,000infivemonths.Earlierthisyear,ThreeWishesforRuby'sResidentsbecameanonprofitandlauncheditsfirstnationwidechapters.RubyKatedoesn'tplantostopthere."Iconsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,"shesays,"andI'mverygoodatit."（1）WhatinspiredRubyKatetohelpresidentsatnursinghomes?A.Pearl'ssadnessformissingherdog.B.Thekindnessofresidentsatnursinghomes.C.Manynursinghomeresidents'lackofluxuries.D.Herexperienceofworkinginanursinghome.（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThreeWisheshassetupitsworldwidebranches.B.TheChitseyshelpedsatisfytheresidents'wishes.C.ThenursinghomeintroducedRuby'sstoryaroundtheworld.D.TheChitseysarewealthyenoughtoaffordallresidents'wishes.（3）WhatdothenumberslistedinParagraph4indicate?A.Peopleweresupportive.B.RubyKatewasgenerous.C.Raisingmoneywasquiteeasy.D.Theprogrammewasprofitable.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRubyKate?A.Proudandenthusiastic.B.Creativeandimaginative.C.Warm-heartedandselfless.D.Ambitiousandmodest.【答案】（1）CBAC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了魯比 ?凱特幫助養(yǎng)老院的居民實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的愿望，得到了許多同樣好心的人的支持的故事。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)二段中的“Amnada,askedaroundanddiscoveredthatmanynursinghomeresidentsareunabletoaffordeventhesmallestluxuries.SoRubyKatedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.可知阿曼達(dá)四處打聽，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多養(yǎng)老院的居民連最小的奢侈品都買不”起，于是露比 ?凱特決定做點(diǎn)什么。即許多療養(yǎng)院居民缺乏奢侈品激發(fā)了魯比 ?凱特幫助療養(yǎng)院的居民。故選 C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 “Usingheirownmoney,theChitseysgrantedthewishesofabout100peopleinthreemonths.用他們自己的錢，奇西夫婦在三個月內(nèi)答應(yīng)了大約” 100人的愿望?？芍嫖鞣驄D幫助滿足了居民的愿望。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 “AfterGoFundMenamedRubyKateaKidHeroandpromotedherstoryinternationallythispastJanuary,ThreeWishesraised$20,000in24hoursandmorethan$250,000infivemonths.可知在‘GoFundMe將魯比？凱特命名為兒童英雄之后，今年1月，她在國際上推廣了她的故事，三個愿望在 24小時內(nèi)籌集了20000美元，在五個月內(nèi)籌集了超過 250000美元。從這些數(shù)據(jù)可以看出人們都很支持。故選 A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段 “‘coInsiderkindnesstobemyhobby,’shesays,‘a(chǎn)ndI'mverygoodatit.可知我把善良當(dāng)成我的愛好，她說，而且我很在行。由此判斷出魯比’” ？凱特是熱心且無私的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解Yearsago,studentsapplyingtocollegesanduniversitieshadtohavetheirapplicationsandpersonalessaysprintedoutandthen -maile“ds”na.ilFlashforwardtotoday'sworldofFacebook,InstagramandWeChat,wherephotos,videosandmobilephonesrule.Fortunately,severalnewtoolsaremakingiteasierforcollegeapplicantstousetechnologytoshowofftheirpersonalities,skillsandcreativity.ZEEMEEOneofthemorepopularinnovationsincollegeapplicationsisZeeMee,afreemobileappthatallowsstudentstouploadpersonalprofilesandvideostocreatevisualresumes.Morethan220collegesanduniversitiesofferaZeeMeeoptionaspartoftheapplicationprocess.Thevideocanshowtheuniquecreativeaspectsoftheapplicants.THECOALITIONLOCKERAnotherrelativelynewtoolcomesfromtheCoalitionforAccess,AffordabilityandSuccess,nowusedbymorethan110membercollegesanduniversities.Amongthegroup'sstatedgoalsaregettingstudentsengagedincollegeprepearlyandusingtechnologytocreateasupportiveapplicationprocessthatencouragesreflectionandself-discovery.Studentswhosignupforthefreeplatformgetaccesstoadigital “l(fā)ocker”,whichtheycaallthroughhighschooltosaveclasspapers,artwork,newspaperstories,videosandphotostosharewithcollegeswhentheyeventuallyapply.VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWSAtsomeschools,aninterviewwithanadmissionofficerisanimportantpartoftheapplicationprocess.Tomakeiteasier,severalvirtualinterviewingtoolshavepoppedup,suchasavideo-basedplatformfromKira.Morethan140universitiesworldwideuseKira'svideoassessmenttooltoconductreal-timeinterviewswithprospectivestudents.Duringtheinterview,candidatesareshownthequestionsprerecordedbytheparticularschoolandmustrespondinrealtimebytalkingintothecameraontheirlaptoporphone.Inadditiontoshowingtheirability,tospeakfluentlyinEnglishandthinkontheirfeet,it_helpsadmissionofficersdeterminethe “motivation,commitmentanddrive"ofapplicants.UNIQUESCHOOLTOOLSSomeuniversitieshavecomeupwiththeirownwaystoallowstudentstoshowtheirskillsandpersonalities.Forexample,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,encouragesapplicantstodisplaytheirtechnicalabilitiesandcreativitybysubmittinga“MakePortfolio —awrittenorvideotapeddescriptionofaprojectthatshowscreativeandproblem-solvingskills.Whileanewappwouldfitthebill,theprojectcouldbeanythingfromanorigamidesigntoapotatocannon.Whichoftheappsgivestudentsmoreguidancefromtheirhighschool?A.ZEEMEE. B.THECOALITIONLOCKER.C.VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS. D.UNIQUESCHOOLTOOLS.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthefourthpartofthepassagereferto?A.Thevideointerview.B.Thedescription.C.Theapplication.D.Thestudent'sability.Whatisthecommonfeaturerequiredbycollegesanduniversitiesaccordingtothepassage?A.Creativity.B.Braveness.C.Willingnesstoshare.D.Technicalability.【答案】(1)BCA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在今天的 Facebook、Instagram和微信的世界里，照片、視頻和手機(jī)盛行的同時，一些新工具讓大學(xué)申請者更容易使用技術(shù)來展示他們的個性、技能和創(chuàng)造力。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù) THECOALITIONLOCKE陪B分中的“Studentswhosignupforthefreeplatformgetaccesstoadigital 'locker',whichtheycanuseallthroughhighscssoltosavepapers,artwork,newspaperstories,videosandphotostosharewithcollegeswhentheyeventuallyapply.可知：THECOALITIONLOCKE能讓學(xué)生從高中獲得更多的指導(dǎo)。故選B。(2)考查代詞指代。根據(jù)VIDEO—CHATINTERVIEWS^分中的“Asomeschools,aninterviewwithanadmissionofficerisanimportantpartoftheapplicationprocess.在——些學(xué)校，對招生人員的面試是申請過程的重要組成部分；以及“Inadditiontoshowingtheirability,tospeakfluentlyinEnglishandthinkontheirfeet,ithelpsadmissionofficersdeterminethecommitmentanddrive'ofapplicants.展示他們的能力，為了流利地說英語和快速反應(yīng)，它還能幫助招生人員決定申請者的動機(jī)、承諾和動力”。由此可知it指的是“theapplication,故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Fortunately,severalnewtoolsaremakingiteasierforcollegeapplicantstousetechnologytoshowofftheirpersonalities,skillsandcreativity.可知，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，創(chuàng)造力是學(xué)院和大學(xué)的共同特征。故選 Ao【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和代詞指代兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7.閱讀理解Summerisapproachingandthefollowingbookscanaccompanyyouduringthehotseason.?AndThenComesSummerbyTomBrennerThesmelloffresh-cutgrass.Thecoldnessoficecreamonyourtongue.Thesoundofcrickets(蟋蟀)atnight,Thisromanticfeastforsensesisasmuchacelebrationoftheseasonasitisasummerbucketlist!Attractiveillustrations(插圖)anddescriptivetextwarmyourheartandinspiredplaylikeneverbefore.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.28?ThreeLittleWordsbyAmyNoveskyDery's"Justkeepswimming!”messageofperseveranceisperfectforanyonewhohaseverfeltliketheyweredrowning.FollowDoryanunforgettableadventureasshefindsherwayinthisbeautifulwatercoloradventureoffriendshipandsurvival.AvailablefromAmazon.$1206?ThereMightbeLobstersbyCarolynCrimiMeetSuki.She'sasmalldogwithabigfearofthebeach.Whenarescueisinorder,Sukisavesthattheday,provingthatthere'snothingtofearbutfearitself.Quitepossiblytheperfectpicturebookforanxiouskidsfearfultotrynewexperiences,thistimelesstreasureopensthedoortocalmingdialoguesandmessagesofbraveryandvictory.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.84?JabariJumpsbyGaiaCornwallYouknowthatfeelingwhenyou'reasexcitedasyouarescaredtomakealeap?That'showJabarifeelsabouthisfirstjumpoffthedivingboard.Heknowshowtoswim.Heknowsjumpingoffsurelooksfun.Butdoeshehavewhatittakestotakeatry?Withsomegentleencouragementfromhislovingfather,Jabarijumps.AvailablefromAmazon.$11.26WhatcanyouenjoyinthebookAndThenComesSummer?A.Swimmingskills.B.Funofsummer.C.Artexhibition.D.Alovelydog.WhatdoThereMightbeLobstersandJabariJumpshaveincommon?A.Theyhavethesameprices. B.Theircharactersdothesamesports.C.Theycanbeboughtindifferentplaces. D.Theircharacterssucceedinriddingfear.Whichbookdescribestheexperienceoflearningtoswim?A.AndThenComesSummer B.ThereMightbeLobstersC.ThreeLittleWords D.JabariJumps【答案】(1)B⑵D(3)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾本可以在炎熱的季節(jié)陪伴你的書。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)AndThenComesSummer部分中的“Thesmelloffresh-cutgrass.Thecoldnessoficecreamonyourtongue.Thesoundofcrickets（蟋蟀）atnight,Thisromanticfeastforsensesisasmuchacelebrationoftheseasonasitisasummerbucketlist!這些對夏天事物”和樂趣的描寫可知從這本書中我們可以享受到夏天的樂趣，故選 B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù) ThereMightbeLobsters部分中的“She'sasmalldogwithabigfearofthebeach.Whenarescueisinorder,Sukisavesthattheday,provingthatthere'snothingtofearbutfearitself.和JabariJumpsbyGaiaCornwall中Youknowthatfeelingwhenyou'reasexcitedasyouarescaredtomakealeap?Withsomegentleencouragementfromhislovingfather,Jabarijumps.可知這兩本書都講述了主人公成功克服恐懼的故事，故選” D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù) ThreeLittleWords部分中的“Dery's‘Justkeepswimming!’messageofperseveranceisperfectforanyonewhohaseverfeltliketheyweredrowning.FollowDoryanunforgettableadventure等信息可知本書描述了” Dery學(xué)游泳的經(jīng)歷，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇廣告類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解Trumanheadedhomefromschool,withthehomeworkinmind,areportonbeehives（蜂巢）.Truman'sclasshadstudiedbeesforthreedays,sohewasready.But,ashisteacherMrs.Lawrencehadexplained,toearnanA+，heneededa“newangle”.Trumanpushedopenthefrontdoortofindhisfour-year-oldbrother,Bryan,sittingonthelivingroomrag,hardatwork.P