建筑環(huán)境與能源應用工程專業(yè)英語16課件

ReviewSalvationLieswithin“得救之道，就在其中”練習：英譯漢Applyingthemeasuredglobalanddiffusesolarradiationdatafrom78meteorologicalstationsinChina,acountrywidegeneralcorrelationmodelforcalculatingthedailydiffuseradiationwasderived

onthebasisofLiuandJordanmethod.Twowidelyusedstatistics:rootmeansquareerrorandmeanbiaserrorwereused

toassesstheperformanceofthecorrelation.Andthecorrelationshowsgoodbehaviorwhenappliedtomostofthestations.Subsequently,withthemeasureddatafromthe78stations,ananalysisofgeographicaldistributionofsolarenergyresourceinChinawasalsopresentedintheformofclearnessindex(theratioofglobalsolarradiationtoextraterrestrialradiation)percentagefrequency,andresultsshowthatthesolarenergyresourceinwesternandnorthernChinaisrelativelyabundant.練習：英譯漢Applyingthedailyglobalsolarradiationdatameasuredatleast10years,thetypicalsolarradiationyearfor30meteorologicalstationsinChinaisgeneratedusingtheFinkelstein–Schaferstatisticalmethod.Basedonthetypicalsolarradiationdataobtained,thegeographicaldifferenceofsolarenergyresourceofthese30stationswasalsoanalyzed.TheresultsinthispaperwillfillthisgapthatcompleteanddetailedtypicalsolarradiationdataarenotavailableforChina,andwillbeusefultothedesignersofsolarenergyconversionandutilizationdevices.UnitOne: HVACRandInternet

heating采暖供熱ventilation通風airconditioning空氣調(diào)節(jié)refrigeration制冷HVACR暖通空調(diào)制冷technicalsophistication技術精通entrepreneur企業(yè)家proprietarytechnology專利技術highlyeducated受過良好教育的Internet-savvy熟悉網(wǎng)絡的Plumbing&Drainage給水、排水distanceeducation遠程教育searchingliterature文獻查詢web-enabled具有網(wǎng)絡功能的civilbuilding民用建筑industrialbuilding工業(yè)建筑residentialbuilding居住建筑publicbuilding公共建筑commercialbuilding商業(yè)建筑sizingHVACcomponents確定空調(diào)系統(tǒng)部件容量大小UnitTwo: SustainableBuiltEnvironmentbuiltenvironment

建筑環(huán)境

sustainability

可持續(xù)性sustainabledevelopment

可持續(xù)發(fā)展

sustainableapproach

可持續(xù)性方法integratedapproach集成化方法

theory＆practice理論與實踐lifecycleanalyses壽命周期分析

thermalcomfort熱舒適visualcomfort視覺舒適acousticcomfort聲覺舒適indoorairquality室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)professionalareas專業(yè)領域decision-making決策resourceconsumption資源消耗globalenergyconsumption全球能耗environmentalimpact環(huán)境影響greenhousegasemissions溫室氣體排放sickbuildingsymptoms病態(tài)建筑綜合癥financialgains經(jīng)濟效益costbenefitanalyses成本收益分析interdisciplinary跨學科的promotionalmaterial促銷材料academicresearch學術研究dynamiccharacteristic動態(tài)特性apartment公寓dweller居住者Buildingstructure建筑結構UnitThree: IndoorAirQualityIndoorAirQuality(IAQ)

室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)interdisciplinary

跨學科的

concentration濃度EnvironmentalSustainableDevelopment

環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展pollutants污染物

occupant

居住者、室內(nèi)人員receptor受體

indoorairpollutants室內(nèi)空氣污染物PM(ParticulateMatter)

顆粒物VOC(VolatileOrganicCompounds)

揮發(fā)性有機化合物ETS(environmentaltobaccosmoke)

吸煙引起的煙物pollutantdistributions污染物分布controlstrategies控制策略localexhaust局部通風residentiallife日常生活massbalanceequations質(zhì)量平衡方程empiricalmodel經(jīng)驗模型reductionismapproach簡化法expansionismapproach拓展法sampling抽樣、取樣environmentalecosystem環(huán)境生態(tài)系統(tǒng)inhalation吸入UnitFour: EnergyUtilizationandConservationinBuildingssolarenergy

太陽能

hydropower

水力發(fā)出的電力geothermalenergy

地熱能

electricalpower

電能steamturbine

蒸汽輪機

mechanicalpower

機械能energyefficientsystem

高能效系統(tǒng)

costeffectiveness

成本效率chilledwater

冷凍水

condenserwater

冷卻水groundsourceheatpumps

地源熱泵

geothermalenergy地熱能buildingenergyconsumption

建筑能耗

biomassenergy

生物質(zhì)能First(Second)LawofThermodynamics

熱力學第一（二）定律hydrodynamics

流體力學

thermodynamics

熱力學thermocouple

熱電偶

platinumresistance

鉑電阻powerplant

電廠CCHP（CombinedCoolingHeatingPower）System

熱電冷三聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)heatgains

得熱量

heatlosses

熱量損失energyefficientsystem

節(jié)能系統(tǒng)

existingbuilding

既有建筑UnitFive: HeatTransferheattransferequipment傳熱設備heatexchanger熱交換器boiler鍋爐condenser冷凝器radiator散熱器refrigerator冰箱solarcollector太陽能集熱器heattransferrate傳熱(速)率temperaturedifference溫差factorofsafety安全系數(shù)experimentalerror實驗誤差operatingcondition運行條件heattransfercoefficient傳熱系數(shù)conduction傳導convection對流radiation輻射sensibleHeat

顯熱latentheat

潛熱zeroenergybuilding

零能耗建筑lowenergybuilding

低能耗建筑sizingproblem

容量選擇的問題

differentialequation

微分方程variable

變量

derivative

導數(shù)declineinperformance

性能的降低

plateheatexchanger

板式換熱器shellandtubeheatexchanger

殼管式換熱器finnedtubeheatexchanger

翅片管式換熱器UnitSix: TurbulenceandComplexFlowvectorfield

向量場

frame-independent不依靠坐標系的Vorticity渦量fine-scaleeffects

微尺度效應roughness

粗糙（度）deformation

變形shearingstress

切應力pressuresurge

壓力突然升高waterhammer

水錘現(xiàn)象UnitSeven: RefrigerationandRefrigerantsvectorfield

向量場

frame-independent不依靠坐標系的Four-wayReversingValve

四通換向閥lithiumbromide

溴化鋰Ammonia

氨coolingeffect

冷卻作用heatsource

熱源heatsink

熱匯coolingmedium

冷卻介質(zhì)

throttle

節(jié)流節(jié)流閥expansionvalve

膨脹閥

capillary

毛細管absorbent

吸收劑

solution

溶液direct-firedgasfurnace

直燃式燃氣爐

wasteheat

廢熱concentration

濃度

volumetriccomposition

體積構成saturationtemperature

飽和溫度

leak

泄漏charge

充注

dewpoint

露點（溫度）bubblepoint

泡點（溫度）

glide

滑移（溫度）Phaseout

逐步淘汰centrifugalchillers

離心式冷水機ReciprocationCompressor

往復式壓縮機RotaryCompressor

轉子壓縮機ScrewCompressor

螺桿式壓縮機ScrollCompressor

渦旋式壓縮機CentrifugalCompressor

離心壓縮機mineraloil

礦物油UnitEight: Boilerfeedwater

補水bituminouscoal

煙煤naturalgas

天然氣lignite褐煤byproduct

副產(chǎn)品

blast-furnacegas高爐煤氣carbonmonoxide

一氧化碳

operatingcost運行費用fixedcharge

固定支出draftloss通風熱損失Sootblower

吹灰器economizer

省煤器airpreheater

空氣預熱器chimneystack煙囪watertubeboiler

水管鍋爐

firetubeboiler火管鍋爐steamengine

蒸汽機steamturbine蒸汽輪機蒸汽透平pressure-reducingstation

減壓站

auxiliary輔助設備輔助的operatingpersonnel操作人員costoflabor人工費用firstcostcharge初投資initialcost初投資long-termsaving長期收益wastefuel廢棄燃料saturatedsteam飽和蒸汽superheatedsteam:??unsaturatedsteam:??UnitNine: HeatPumpsheatpump

熱泵

reversingvalve

四通換向閥heatingcycle

制熱循環(huán)

coolingcycle

制冷循環(huán)indoorcoil

室內(nèi)盤管

outdoorcoil

室外盤管frost

霜結霜defrost

除霜energyefficiencyratio(EER)

能效比coefficientofperformance(COP)

性能系數(shù)heatingseasonalperformancefactor(HSPF)

制熱季節(jié)性能系數(shù)seasonalenergyefficiencyratio(SEER)

(制冷)季節(jié)能效比ambienttemperatures

室外氣溫air-sourceheatpump

空氣源熱泵water-sourceheatpump

水源熱泵ground-waterheatpump

地下水源熱泵geothermalclosed-loopheatpump

閉環(huán)地源(或土壤源)熱泵UnitTen: ComfortHeatingfiretubeboilers

火管鍋爐

hydronicheating循環(huán)供暖secondaryheatexchanger

二次換熱器insulatingeffect

絕熱效應firebox

燃燒室

alternateenergysources

替代能源cloudcover

云量shorterwavelength

短波longerwavelength

長波absorberplate吸收板antifreeze

防凍劑pressurestoragetank儲壓罐r(nóng)eliefvalve

排氣閥fiberglass

玻璃纖維centrifugalpump

離心泵checkvalve

逆止閥thermostat

溫控器auxiliaryheater輔助加熱器controlpanel

控制臺(面板)

greenhouse

溫室ASME(AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers)美國機械工程師協(xié)會UnitEleven: Ventilationventilationsystem

通風系統(tǒng)emissionsources

排放源污染源generalexhaustventilation全面通風

dilutionventilation

稀釋通風localexhaustventilation

局部通風

numberofairchanges換氣次數(shù)mixingefficiency混合效率

hood排風罩contaminant污染物

make-upair

補充空氣aircleaner空氣處理器

stacks煙囪staticpressure

靜壓

velocitypressure

動壓axialflowfan

軸流風機

centrifugalfan

離心風機entrylosses入口損失

frictionlosses

摩擦損失precipitator除塵器

cyclone旋風除塵器negativepressure負壓

positivepressure

正壓air-handlingsystem(AHU)

空氣處理系統(tǒng)ventilationcriteria通風標準、通風準則UnitThirteen: MeasurementErrorsandAccuracyuncertainty

不確定性measurementerror

測量誤差truevalue

真值

measuredvalue

測量值recordingerrors

記錄誤差systematicorfixederrors系統(tǒng)誤差accidentalorrandomerrors隨機誤差

measurementsystem測量系統(tǒng)meanvalue

平均值

frequencydistribution

頻率分布probabilitydensityfunction

概率密度函數(shù)distributionfunction

分布函數(shù)discreteprobabilitydistribution