考研考博-英語-保定理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

WhentheU.N.CommissionontheStatusofWomen(CSW)helditsinauguralmeetinginLondonbackin1946,theU.S.delegate,EleanorRoosevelt,readanopenlettertothewomenoftheworldcallingongovernmentstoencouragewomeneverywheretoparticipateinnationalandinternationalaffairs.Theletteralsourgedwomenwhoareconsciousoftheiropportunitiestocomeforwardandshareintheworkofpeaceandreconstructionastheydidinwarandresistance.

But66yearslater,theworldwidestruggleforgenderequalityandgenderempowermentcontinuesunabated——evenaswomenfindthemselvesdiscriminatedagainst,andvictimsofviolence,bothathomeandonthebattlefield.

AsIndia'sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsAmbassadorHardeepSinghPuritoldtheSecurityCouncilonFebruary23,2012,closeto90percentofcurrentcasualtiesinwarsandsituationsofarmedconflictarecivilians,withthemajoritybeingwomenandchildren.

Obviously,womenbearadisproportionatelylargeshareoftheburdenofconflict,buthaveamarginalsayinmattersofwarandpeace,hesaid,pointingouttheirony.Thisisperhapsafunctionofthegenderimbalanceinoursocieties,reflectedinpositionsofpowerandinfluence,headded.

Despitethis,Puffargued,womenshouldnotbeviewedsolelyasvictimsofwar.Theyalsohavetoassumethekeyroleofensuringfamilylivelihoodsinthemidstofchaosanddestruction,andareparticularlyactiveinthepeacemovementsatthegrassrootslevelandcultivatingpeacewithintheircommunities.

Therefore,theabsenceofwomenatthepeacenegotiatingtableisunconscionable,declaredPuri,asheimplicitlycriticizedthefactthatpeacenegotiatorsareoverwhelminglymale.

YasmeenHassan,globaldirectorattheNewYorkbasedEqualityNow,saidthateconomicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.

Similarly,shepointedout,Warandlackofsecurityleadtoacurtailmentofwomen'srights.Thedevelopingworldhasseenalotmoreinstability——economic,political,social——thathasoftenbeenexacerbatedbyconflicts,bothinternalandcrossborder,thatposethebiggestbarrierstogenderequality.

“Instabilityandconflictsalsomakewomen'srightsactivismdifficultaswomenmaybecomedividedonissuesofnationalorigin,raceandclass,”sheadded.

A10-daymeetingofthe45-memberCSW,beginningFebruary28,2012,willfocusonanotherbattlefrom:theempowermentofruralwomenandtheirroleinpovertyandhungereradicationandsustainabledevelopment.

Accordingtothenewly-createdU.N.Women,ruralwomenconstituteone-fourthoftheWorld'spopulationofsevenbillionpeople.Still,onlyfivepercentofagriculturalextensionservicesareprovidedforwomenfarmers,andinruralsub-SaharanAfrica,womenholdlessthan10percentofthecreditavailabletosmallholderagriculture.

“Ifruralwomenhadequalaccesstoproductiveresources,agriculturalyieldscouldreducethenumberofchronicallyhungrypeoplebybetween100and150million,”saysUNWomen.

Askedaboutthekeyachievementsongenderempowermentinthelastfiveto10years,Hassansaid.“Everyoneagreesthatitisanissuethathastobeputontheagenda——women'sempowermenthascometobeseenasessentialfordevelopmentand,moreimportantlyincurrenttimes,forbuildingpeace.”

Shesaidtheshacklesofcultureandreligion,thoughstillbindingwomenmuchmoreharshlythanmen,havecometobeseen——atleastinternationally——asnotinevitableandinfactbreakable.

GigiFrancisco,thePhilippines——basedgeneralcoordinatorofDevelopmentAlternativeswithwomenforaNewEra(DAWN),saidthatamidstthebackdropofuncertaintimesforeconomiesworldwideandre-commitmentsmadebytheinternationalcommunitytoendingpovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment,thereisamoredeliberatefocusonordinarywomen'srolesinproductionandconsumptionacrosstheeconomicsouth.

Byrelievingwomen'spracticalburdenslinkedtotheirgenderroles,itisassumedthatwomenandtheirfamilieswillbecomemoreefficientinaccessinganddistributingresourcesthatwouldeventuallyredoundtosomedegreeofempowerment,shesaid.

Atthesametime,Franciscopointedout,whenwomenbecomemoreefficientinperformingtheirroles,therestofthesocietyandtheentireeconomybenefit.

Focusingontheissuesandconcernsofgrassrootswomenistherightthingtodo.“Howeverwhatisfundamentallywrongwiththisapproachisthatwithoutawomen'srightsperspectivethefocusonefficiencyconfersentitlementstopoorwomensolelyonthebasisoftheirlabor,”sheadded.

Aswell,theapproachdoesnotleadtoanytransformationoftheexistinggenderdivisionoflaborthatpositionswomeninasubordinatedwaywithinfamiliesandsocieties,sheadded.Andbeinglesspoordoesnotmeanthatthegendergaphadbecomelessunequal.

Askedaboutgenderprogress,Franciscosaidthattheriseinthenumberofwomenenteringofficialpositionsofpowerandauthorityatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevelsisamajorachievementinonekeyaspectofgenderequality.

ThisisundoubtedlyaclearfollowthroughonobligationssetintheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)andthe1995BeijingPlatformforAction(BPFA)adoptedattheFourthWorldConferenceonWomeninChina.

Whileinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequalityhaveprovidedtheframeworkinprogressivelyrealizinggenderbalanceinpoliticalreforms,changescouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheactionsbywomen'srightsadvocatesandmovementsthatpushedgenderequalityissuestotherealmofpublicdeliberationsandresistances.

“Incelebratingwomenwhoareinpositionsofpower,wemustrememberthatfirstly,thesituationforwomenleadersacrossandwithincountriesconsiderablyvary,”Franciscosaid.

Secondly,thatgains,eventhecelebratedones,maybetransientandseriouslythreatenedbyahostofneo-conservativereactionsthatemergefromsimultaneousupheavalsanduncertainties,andthirdly,powerfulwomenwillneedtobeassessednotintermsofhowlongtheyremainaspostergirlsforgenderequalitybutintermsoftheirconcretecontributionstoensuringthattherightsandwell-beingofordinarywomenaresecuredandpromoted.

“Andthattheprocessesofgovernanceatalllevelsremainaccountabletowomen'srightsorganizationsandmovements,”shesaid.

Relatedtothis,shesaid,isabigchallengethatUNWomennowhastoface:howitwillworkoutitsmechanismsandprocessesofpartnershipwithandaccountabilitytothewomen'smovementsinatransparentandconsultativeway.

Themainmessageofthispassageisthatwomentodayhavemadeextraordinaryprogressinattainingtherightstoparticipatingnationalandinternationalaffairs,forwhichtheirdeathtollinwarsandconflictishigherthanmen's.

Instability,risingfundamentalismcauseachallengetogenderequality.

Theroleofruralwomenineradicatingpovertyandhungerhasbeenfullyrealized.

Onekeyprogressingenderequalityisthatmorewomentodayattainofficialpositionsofpowerandauthority.

Theauthorofthispassagebelievesthatgenderbalancecanbefullyachievedaftertheestablishmentoftheframeworkofinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.前后不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,所以表述不正確。

2.根據(jù)第七段“economicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.”經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退帶來的是原教旨主義的抬頭,以及對(duì)實(shí)踐和信仰的執(zhí)著,這對(duì)性別平等構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知,對(duì)性別平等構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)的源頭是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,所以本句表述錯(cuò)誤。

3.根據(jù)原文第十一段“ruralwomenconstitute...areprovidedforwomenfarmers.”世界70億人口中,農(nóng)村婦女占四分之一,只有5%的農(nóng)業(yè)推廣服務(wù)是為女性農(nóng)民提供的。由此可推斷,農(nóng)村婦女在消除貧困和饑餓方面的作用并沒有得到充分發(fā)揮。所以本句表述錯(cuò)誤。

4.本句與原文倒數(shù)第七段描述一致,所以表述正確。

5.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第五段可知,雖然性別平等的體制安排和機(jī)制為政治改革逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平衡提供了框架,但如果沒有婦女權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者和運(yùn)動(dòng)的行動(dòng),就不可能發(fā)生變化,這些行動(dòng)把性別平等問題推到公眾審議和抵制的領(lǐng)域。由此可知,在建立性別平等的制度安排和機(jī)制框架之后,如果沒有實(shí)際的行動(dòng),是無法充分實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平等的。所以表述錯(cuò)誤。

2.單選題

Thegovernment’sinabilityto（）itsownlawsandregulationsdisappointedtheelectorate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guarantee

B.strike

C.sanction

D.enforce

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)guarantee“保證，承諾”；B選項(xiàng)strike“撞擊；打”；C選項(xiàng)sanction“制裁，處罰；認(rèn)可；支持”；D選項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”。句意：政府無法執(zhí)行自己的法律法規(guī)令選民失望。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)awsandregulations法律和法規(guī)”可知“實(shí)施”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

Asaglobalinstitute,MobileStudies-connectspolicy-makers,practitionersandprofessorsofmobilemediaandcommunicationacrossculturesandcountries.Leveragingitscombinedacademicandindustrialexpertise,MobileStudiesoffersitsuniqueservicestothemobileworld.Interdisciplinaryandcomparativeinapproach,MobileStudies,sharesacademicresearchwiththemobileindustry,industryinsightswith-theacademiccommunity,andtimelyenlightenmentwiththemobilepublic.

Solution-orientedandindustry-based,ourstudiesfocusonidentifyingissuesandlocatingsolutionsbesidestheoreticalconstructionsandpolicyrecommendations.Interdisciplinaryandcomparative,theresultsofourstudiesaresharedthroughMobileCampus,co-organizedMobileWorkshopsandotherchannelstooffercustomizedcoursesandservicesfromdifferentperspectives.

Believeitornot,mostpeopledon'tbreathecorrectlyandthiscancontributetoafeelingoflethargy.Butbyusingthediaphragm-themusclethatinflatesanddeflatesthelungs—youinhaleandexhalemoreefficiently.Consciouslyrelaxyourjaw,throat,shouldersandupperchest.

AmusicshowfromHunanSatelliteTVnamedI'maSingerhasbeengainingpopularitysincetheheatfromVoiceofChinagraduallycooled.Theshowinvitesprofessionalmusicianstocompete.Ratherthanusingthetraditionallyunderdogs-become-famousformat,itisuptothe500audiencememberstodecidethefateofthestarsonstage.

Let'scheckouthowtheadaptionofaclassiclovesongtorock'n'rollintroduceustotheemotionalworldofrockmusic.

【答案】作為一家全球性機(jī)構(gòu)，移動(dòng)研究所將跨文化和國家的移動(dòng)媒體和傳播的決策者、實(shí)踐者和專家聯(lián)系起來。憑借其綜合的學(xué)術(shù)和行業(yè)的專業(yè)知識(shí)，移動(dòng)研究所為移動(dòng)世界提供了特殊的服務(wù)。運(yùn)用跨學(xué)科和比較的方法，它與移通信行業(yè)分享學(xué)術(shù)研究，與學(xué)術(shù)界分享行業(yè)見解，并適時(shí)啟發(fā)廣大移動(dòng)公眾。

以解決方法為導(dǎo)向，以產(chǎn)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)，我們的研究注重發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和找到解決方案，并提供理論建設(shè)和政策建議。利用跨學(xué)科和比較的方法，通過移動(dòng)校園、聯(lián)合舉辦的移動(dòng)研討會(huì)和其他渠道，我們的研究成果被分享（通過移動(dòng)校園、聯(lián)合舉辦的移動(dòng)研討會(huì)和其他渠道共享我們的研究成果），以便從不同的角度提供定制課程和服務(wù)。

不管你信不信，大多數(shù)人呼吸方式都不正確，這會(huì)讓人昏昏欲睡。但是通過橫膈膜——使肺部充盈和收縮的肌肉——你可以更有效地吸氣和呼氣。有意識(shí)地放松你的下巴、喉嚨、肩膀和上胸部。

隨著中國好聲音的熱度逐漸退去，湖南衛(wèi)視的一檔名為《我是歌手》的音樂節(jié)目越來越受歡迎。演出邀請(qǐng)?jiān)S多專業(yè)音樂人士參賽。與使用傳統(tǒng)的“草根到歌手”的模式不同，這檔節(jié)目中由500名觀眾來決定臺(tái)上明星們的命運(yùn)。讓我們來看看由一首經(jīng)典情歌改編成的搖滾樂如何將我們帶入充滿激情的搖滾樂世界中。

4.單選題

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞以及形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)functional“功能的”；B選項(xiàng)malpractice“玩忽職守”；C選項(xiàng)integration“集成，綜合”；D選項(xiàng)disintegration“瓦解，崩潰”。題干說到，西方?jīng)_擊了孔子思想指示破壞了秩序的本事，可推測(cè)空中應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示壞結(jié)果的詞，A，C可排除。B選項(xiàng)在不符合題意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通過新的王朝權(quán)力集中來解決之前，西方影響所帶來的儒家信仰的知識(shí)危機(jī)破壞了社會(huì)秩序本身，它因其政治機(jī)構(gòu)的……而變得更加脆弱。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hefailedtosupplythefactsrelevant（

）thecaseinquestion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.with

C.to

D.of

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。relevantto“與……相關(guān)的”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：他無法提供與設(shè)計(jì)案件有關(guān)的事實(shí)。

6.單選題

（

）withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whencompared

B.Whilecomparing

C.Compare

D.Comparing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當(dāng)與摩天大樓的高度相比吋，這座山看起來根本不高。

語法題?？疾檫^去分詞做狀語。此句主語為thismountain,前半句為動(dòng)詞compare的過去分詞做比較狀語。分句中動(dòng)詞compare與邏輯主語thismountain之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A。

7.單選題

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子邏輯。前面和后面構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)butrather“而是，相反地”表示對(duì)比；B項(xiàng)butalso“并且”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；C項(xiàng)except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示轉(zhuǎn)折；D項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”，一般是作為副詞來使用，連接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，謝謝。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要開車。根據(jù)句意，正確答案為C。

8.單選題

ArapidmeansoflongdistancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatessettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.

Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860stherewerethousandsofmilesorrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.ActualworkonthisprojectfromCaliforniausedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadeandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackoftranscontinentalrailroad

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborsformEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.settlementsspreadwestward

B.thecoast-to-coastrailroad:avitallink

C.Americanrailroadhistory

D.theimportanceofrailroadsintheAmericaneconomy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文中第一段最后兩句話“Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.（早期的火車都是些不切實(shí)際的玩意，在很長一段時(shí)間里，鐵路公司都遇到了一些機(jī)械問題。最嚴(yán)重的問題是建造能承受荷載的軌道，以及開發(fā)更安全、更有效的剎車系統(tǒng)。）”，由此可知是火車鐵軌質(zhì)量不好，剎車系統(tǒng)還有待完善。A選項(xiàng)“鐵路質(zhì)量差，剎車系統(tǒng)不可靠”正確；B選項(xiàng)“缺乏對(duì)發(fā)展的財(cái)政支持”；C選項(xiàng)“有限鐵路線路”和D選項(xiàng)“缺乏橫貫大陸的鐵路”文中都沒有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文中第三段倒數(shù)第二、三句話“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.（1896年，兩組人在現(xiàn)在的猶他州的海角相遇。許多游客為了這一盛事來到那里。）”由此可知人們?yōu)榱丝磧山M工隊(duì)的相遇來到了施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。A選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了西方工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展”文中沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“吸引了許多游客到建筑工地”正確；C選項(xiàng)“吸引歐洲的勞動(dòng)力”和D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)人們到全國各地旅游”文中都沒有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.主旨大意題。本文第一段講述了早期美國鐵路遇到的問題，第二段主要講述了解決這些問題后美國鐵路路線變多，第三段主要講述了美國第一條貫穿大陸的鐵路建設(shè)，第四段主要講述該鐵路的作用，由此可知本文主要講述了美國鐵路交通的發(fā)展。A選項(xiàng)“西方世界殖民擴(kuò)張”；B選項(xiàng)“海岸到海岸的鐵路重要的連接”和D選項(xiàng)“鐵路在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性”都沒有C選項(xiàng)“美國的鐵路歷史”更符合文章大意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第三段第二句話“In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.（1862年國會(huì)授權(quán)兩家西部鐵路公司修建從內(nèi)布拉斯加州往西和加州往東匯合的鐵路，以便建成橫穿大陸連接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。）”和第三段的倒數(shù)第三句話“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.（1896年，他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)在的猶他州的海角相遇。）”，由此可知，該貫穿大陸的鐵路從修建到完成共花了7年時(shí)間。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章最后一段“Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.（這條鐵路在鼓勵(lì)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)方面起了非常重要的作用。它還通過運(yùn)輸原材料和將產(chǎn)品迅速分銷到遙遠(yuǎn)的市場(chǎng)，幫助建立了工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)。它把城鎮(zhèn)和人們聯(lián)系在一起，幫助統(tǒng)一了美國。）”，由此可推斷出該公路是為了在全國各地建立四通八達(dá)的鐵路網(wǎng)，發(fā)展各地經(jīng)濟(jì)。A選項(xiàng)“政府支持這樣一項(xiàng)任務(wù)的可能性”與文章關(guān)系不大；B選項(xiàng)“探索猶他州的需要”弱化了該公路的作用；C選項(xiàng)“連接?xùn)|海岸和西海岸的需要。”正確；D選項(xiàng)“在西部發(fā)展鐵路工業(yè)的需要”文章沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.寫作題

Directions:Forthissection,youareaskedIowriteacompositiononthefollowingtopic.Youarerequiredtowritenolessthan150words.RemembertowriteclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.

SomepeoplesaythattheInternetprovidespeoplewithalotofvaluableinformation.Othersthinkaccesstosomuchinformationcreatesproblems.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?

Whatisyouropinion?GiveyourcommentsandwritethemdownontheANSWERSHEET.Youshouldsupplyonappropriatetitleforyouressay.

【答案】略

10.單選題

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reject“拒絕”；belittle“輕視，貶低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“開拓，回收利用”。句意：環(huán)保人士正在盡其所能將石油泄漏的影響降到最低。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Probablythehardestpartofsettinggoalsisthefirststepofactuallydecidingtotakeaction!Thefirstbarrierfacingmostpeopleistheincorrectassumptionthatgoalsareonlyforbusinesspeople.Therealityiseveryonesetsgoalsmentallythroughouttheday.Therearealwaysoccasionswheresomethinghastobedoneataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace.Simpleexamplescouldbegettingupatacertaintimeinordertobeatwork,ortomeetwithafriendforaleisureactivity.

Thebeautyofhavinggoalsistheuniquenessofeachonetothegoalsetter.Whetheritispersonal,financial,businessorspiritual,theyareallspecifictothatpersonandtheircircumstances.

Themostimportantpartinitiallyistowritethemdown.Havinggoalswrittendowngivesyouincrediblepowerwhilehelpingyoutofocusonthisarea.

Aimforsomethingthatwillstretchyouwhileremainingachievable.Ifyouachieveyourgoaltooeasily,itisnothighenoughtomakeanysignificantchangeinyourlifeandneedstobeadjusted.Ontheotherhand,ifyouconsistentlymissthegoals,re-evaluate,andconsidersettingthemalittlelowerasyouwillonlygetdiscouragedandprobablygiveup.Theaimistokeepgrowing,andmovingintoamoresatisfactorypositionforyourparticularcircumstance.

Asyouobtainthelevelsthatyouhavesetforyourself,alwaysincludeasmallrewardateachpoint.Thismightonlybeasmallthingintheearlydayslikeamealoutoraweekendvacation.

Rememberthatthesechangeswillnothappenovernightandtherewillbeaperiodoftimewhennothingseemstobehappening.Thisiswhythegoalsneedtobedetailedandasspecificaspossiblewithaconsequenceandabenefit.

Allowsometimeonadailybasistoeducateyourselfonhowtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsinyourlife.ThiscouldincludelisteningtoaCD,orreadingabookonmotivation,etc.

Asimplemethodtostartwithcouldbeonegoalinthemainareasoflifetobeachievedinonemonth,sixmonths,twelvemonthsorfiveyears.Breakthatdownfurtherintoadaily,weeklyandmonthlysystem.Stayfocusedanddisciplinedtoachieveallthatyoudesire.

41.ThesimpleexamplesinParagraph1conveythemessagethat______.

42.Thecharmofhavinggoalsisthateachgoalis______.

43.Agoodgoalisonethat______.

44.Goalshavetobedetailedsothatpeople______.

45.Foragoaltobeachieved,onehasto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goalsaresetmostlyforimportantthings

B.mostpeopleknowwhenitistimetosetgoals

C.itisnecessarytosetgoalsoccasionally

D.peoplesetgoalstogetthingsdoneallthetime

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.motivated

C.special

D.spiritual

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.keepsgrowingallthetime

B.ishighenoughyetattainable

C.movesoneintoasatisfactoryposition

D.isevaluatedfromtimetotime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.willeventuallyreachthelevelssetforthemselves

B.canknowtheirachievementsateachstage

C.maygetsmallrewardssuchasamealout

D.canadjustthemonvariousoccasions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.concentrateonituntilisattained

B.adaptoneselftonewchanges

C.divertfromroutinesometimes

D.believeinwhatheisdoing

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“第一段的簡單例子傳達(dá)了一個(gè)什么信息”。第一段第三句提到Therealityiseveryonesetsgoalsmentallythroughouttheday.Therearealwaysoccasionswheresomethinghastobedoneataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace.（事實(shí)上，每個(gè)人每天都在心里設(shè)定目標(biāo)?？傆幸恍﹫?chǎng)合需要在特定的時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)做一些事情），由此可知，第一段講述簡單的例子是為了向讀者傳達(dá)人們?cè)O(shè)定目標(biāo)來完成事情，故D項(xiàng)“人們總是設(shè)定目標(biāo)來完成事情”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“設(shè)定目標(biāo)主要是為了重要的事情”，文中只提到了某些事情，并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)重要的事情，這是偷換概念；B項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人都知道什么時(shí)候該設(shè)定目標(biāo)”，第一段第二句提到Thefirstbarrierfacingmostpeopleistheincorrectassumptionthatgoalsareonlyforbusinesspeople.（大多數(shù)人面臨的第一個(gè)障礙是錯(cuò)誤的假設(shè)，認(rèn)為目標(biāo)只適用于商務(wù)人士），由此可知，大多數(shù)人不知道目標(biāo)適用于每一個(gè)人，因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“偶爾設(shè)定目標(biāo)是必要的”沒有提到。故該題選D正確。

42.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“擁有目標(biāo)的魅力在于每個(gè)目標(biāo)都是……”。文章第二段提到Thebeautyofhavinggoalsistheuniquenessofeachonetothegoalsetter.（設(shè)定目標(biāo)的美妙之處在于每個(gè)目標(biāo)對(duì)設(shè)定者來說都是獨(dú)一無二的），由uniqueness可知，設(shè)立目標(biāo)的奇妙之處在于它的獨(dú)特性，獨(dú)一無二的同義詞是special，故C項(xiàng)“特別的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“重要的”和B項(xiàng)“有動(dòng)機(jī)的”文中都沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“精神的，高尚的”是指目標(biāo)的類型，故該題選C正確。

43.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干的意思是“好的目標(biāo)是……”。第四段第一句話提到Aimforsomethingthatwillstretchyouwhileremainingachievable.（把目標(biāo)定在那些既能拓展你的能力又能保持可實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情上），由此可知一個(gè)好的目標(biāo)是超出自身的水平但是仍然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，故B項(xiàng)“足夠高但是可以達(dá)到”更符合題意；A項(xiàng)“一直保持發(fā)展”和C項(xiàng)“使一個(gè)人達(dá)到一個(gè)滿意的位置”，在第四段最后一句提到Theaimistokeepgrowing,andmovingintoamoresatisfactorypositionforyourparticularcircumstance（我們的目標(biāo)是不斷發(fā)展，并針對(duì)您的特殊情況找到一個(gè)更令人滿意的職位）這是設(shè)定目標(biāo)的內(nèi)容/目的，因此這兩項(xiàng)不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“不時(shí)的評(píng)估”，根據(jù)句子Ontheotherhand,ifyouconsistentlymissthegoals,re-evaluate,andconsidersettingthemalittlelowerasyouwillonlygetdiscouragedandprobablygiveup.（另一方面，如果你總是錯(cuò)過目標(biāo)，重新評(píng)估，考慮把目標(biāo)定得低一點(diǎn)，那么你只會(huì)感到沮喪，很可能會(huì)放棄），由此可知不時(shí)評(píng)估目標(biāo)不是真正的好目標(biāo)；故該題選B正確。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“目標(biāo)必須詳細(xì)以便于人們……”。根據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第三段Rememberthatthesechangeswillnothappenovernightandtherewillbeaperiodoftimewhennothingseemstobehappening.Thisiswhythegoalsneedtobedetailedandasspecificaspossiblewithaconsequenceandabenefit.（記住，這些變化不會(huì)在一夜之間發(fā)生，會(huì)有一段時(shí)間似乎什么都沒有發(fā)生。這就是為什么目標(biāo)要盡可能的詳細(xì)和具體，并且要考慮到結(jié)果和好處。）可知，因?yàn)槟繕?biāo)不會(huì)一下子實(shí)現(xiàn)，甚至可能一段時(shí)間都會(huì)感覺什么都沒發(fā)生，所以目標(biāo)要盡可能地詳細(xì)以便于人們能夠知道他們到達(dá)哪一步，因此B項(xiàng)“可以知道他們?cè)诿總€(gè)階段的成就”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)達(dá)到為自己設(shè)定的水平”沒有提到；C項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)得到一些小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，比如出去吃飯”，文章第五段提到Asyouobtainthelevelsthatyouhavesetforyourself,alwaysincludeasmallrewardateachpoint.（當(dāng)你獲得自己設(shè)定的關(guān)卡時(shí)，在每一個(gè)點(diǎn)上都包含一個(gè)小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)），由此可知小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是達(dá)到設(shè)定的目標(biāo)后所獲得的，而不是目標(biāo)要詳細(xì)的原因；D項(xiàng)“可以在不同場(chǎng)合調(diào)整”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Allowsometimeonadailybasistoeducateyourselfonhowtomakethenecessaryadjustmentsinyourlife.（每天給自己一些時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)如何在你的生活中做出必要的調(diào)整）可知，是在生活中做出調(diào)整，而不是任何場(chǎng)合。故該題選B正確。

45.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)，你必須……”。文章最后一句提到Stayfocusedanddisciplinedtoachieveallthatyoudesire（保持專注和自律，去實(shí)現(xiàn)你想要的一切），由此可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)必須要保持自律和專注，故A項(xiàng)“對(duì)目標(biāo)專注直到達(dá)到它”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“使自己適應(yīng)新的變化”，C項(xiàng)“有時(shí)偏離常規(guī)”和D項(xiàng)“相信正在干的事情”沒有提到；因此該題選A正確。

12.單選題

Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten______like.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howhisfacewas

B.whichwashisface

C.whathisfacewas

D.thathisfacewas

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：他的家人幾乎已經(jīng)忘記了他長的什么樣子。根據(jù)句型itislike…，得出C選項(xiàng)whathisfacewas符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國際會(huì)議有150名與會(huì)者。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

14.單選題

Thecompany（

）ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ispromised

B.hasbeenpromised

C.ispromising

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。forages時(shí)間狀語，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，表示現(xiàn)在以前的這一段時(shí)間里一直在做的事情。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Humansaretheonlysurvivinghominin（人亞科原人）speciesandaredistinctfromotherhomininspeciesinouruniquecombinationofcomplexmaterialculture,socialbehavior,bodilycharacteristics,andintelligence.WewillherereferonlytoanatomicallymodernhumansorHomosapiensas“humans.”Thesearepeoplewewouldcall“people”ifweweretostandeye-to-eyewithoneofthem.Toputitanotherway,ifwetraveledbackinatimemachineto200,000yearsagowewouldprobablyrecognizetheuprightwalkingbeingsashumanbeings(eventhoughtheyprobablydidnotyetuselanguageorsymbolismlikewedo),butthereisnoguaranteethatwewouldconnectthesamewaywithanythinglivingbeforethat,notnecessarilyevenwithNeanderthalswholivedsidebysidewithsomehumanpopulationsuntil30,000yearsago.Althoughsomescientistsrefertoeverythingwithinthehumangenus(Homo)as“humans,”wewillreservethattitleforourselvesonly.

【答案】人類是唯一幸存的古人類（人亞科原人）物種，與其他古人類物種不同的是，我們獨(dú)特地結(jié)合了復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)文化、社會(huì)行為、身體特征和智力。我們?cè)谶@里只將解剖學(xué)上的現(xiàn)代人或智人稱為“人類”。如果我們和他們中的一個(gè)面對(duì)面站著，我們就會(huì)稱他們?yōu)椤叭恕?。換句話說,如果我們乘坐時(shí)光機(jī)回到200000年前我們可能會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到作為人類直立行走的人(盡管他們可能還不像我們使用語言或象征意義)，但不能保證我們會(huì)以同樣的方式與之前的任何生物聯(lián)系在一起，甚至不一定是與尼安德特人，他們直到3萬年前還與一些人類生活在一起。雖然有些科學(xué)家把人類屬(人)的一切都稱為“人類”，但我們只把這個(gè)頭銜留給我們自己。

16.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”；objective“客觀的”；indignant“憤憤不平的”。句意：當(dāng)被指出犯了錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

17.單選題

Manoftenwondershowtheearthevolvedfromahot,violentbirthtothecelebratedwateryplanetthat_______inpicturesfromspace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.standsfor

B.standsby

C.standsup

D.standsout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“standsfor”意為“代表；意味著”；B選項(xiàng)“standsby”意為“支持；袖手旁觀；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊”；C選項(xiàng)“standsup”意為“站起來；堅(jiān)持；豎立；站得住腳；擁護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)“standsout”意為“突出；杰出；堅(jiān)持到底；堅(jiān)決反對(duì)”。句意：人們常常想知道地球是如何從一個(gè)炙熱、狂暴的誕生演變成這個(gè)著名的含水星球，并從太空照片中脫穎而出的。由題干可知，inpicturesfromspace（在太空照片中），說明從太空層面來看，地球與其他星球截然不同，是個(gè)含水的星球，由此脫穎而出。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto（

）featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.highlight

B.underline

C.activate

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。highlight