考研考博-英語-大連商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要講中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和大腦的起源，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(諸如水螅和?？惹荒c動物)。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“腔腸動物”正確。

第3題:詞義題。對于短語“tookto”的理解可參考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先進(jìn)的哺乳動物，如猴子、猿和人類（靈長類動物）的大腦是由祖先進(jìn)化而來的，它們…在樹上生活)，taketo本意為“開始從事”。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的魚相比最大的昆蟲有更大的頭腦)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“大腦”正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干為:由文章可知，什么有助于協(xié)調(diào)哺乳動物復(fù)雜的身體活動?倒數(shù)第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同時，后腦獲得了巨大的小腦來協(xié)調(diào)復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“小腦”正確。

2.單選題

Theyareexperimentingwith"phytotherapy,"orplantandherb-based_______,toamelioratehotflashes,sleeplessness,andmore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedies

B.renovates

C.embellishes

D.modifies

【答案】A

【解析】remedy補(bǔ)救,治療法;renovate革新,修復(fù);embellish修飾;modify修改。句意：他們正在試驗(yàn)“植物療法”,即以植物和草藥為基礎(chǔ)的療法,用來緩解潮熱、失眠等癥狀。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。blatant“喧囂的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”。句意：毫無疑問，不誠實(shí)或秘密獲取的信息通常是壓倒性的證據(jù)，表明這種信息是機(jī)密的，不屬于辯護(hù)人員技能和知識的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,（）over30percentoftheworkforce.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.including

B.engaging

C.approximating

D.accounting

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辦析。四個選項(xiàng)的意思分別是:including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近；accounting記述，報(bào)告。句意:制造業(yè)是中國最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動，雇傭了超過30%的勞動力。本題考查的是分詞短語作狀語，根據(jù)句意可推出正確答案是B。

5.單選題

Humanmigration:thetermisvague.Whatpeopleusuallythinkofisthepermanentmovementofpeoplefromonehometoanother.Morebroadly,though,migrationmeansalltheways—fromtheseasonaldriftofagriculturalworkerswithinacountrytotherelocationofrefugeesfromonecountrytoanother.

Migrationisbig,dangerous,compelling.Itis60millionEuropeansleavinghomefromthe16thtothe20thcenturies.Itissome15millionHindus,Skihs,andMuslimssweptupinatumultuousshuffleofcitizensbetweenIndiaandPakistanafterthepartitionofthesubcontinentin1947.

Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”

Butitismuchmorethanthat.Itis,ashasalwaysbeen,thegreatadventureofhumanlife.Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.

“Youhaveahistorybookwritteninyourgenes,”saidSpencerWells.Thebookhe’stryingtoreadgoesbacktolongbeforeeventhefirstwordwaswritten,anditisastoryofmigration.

Wells,atall,blondgeneticistatStanfordUniversity,spentthesummerof1998exploringremotepartsofTranscaucasiaandCentralAsiawiththreecolleaguesinaLandRover,lookingfordropsofblood.Intheblood,donatedbythepeoplehemet,hewillsearchforthestorythatgeneticmarkerscantellofthelongpathshumanlifehastakenacrosstheEarth.Geneticstudiesarethelatesttechniqueinalongeffortofmodernhumanstofindoutwheretheyhavecomefrom.Buthoweverthepathsaretraced,thebasicstoryissimple:peoplehavebeenmovingsincetheywerepeople.Ifearlyhumanshadn’tmovedandintermingledasmuchastheydid,theyprobablywouldhavecontinuedtoevolveintodifferentspecies.FrombeginningsinAfrica,mostresearchersagree,groupsofhunter-gatherersspreadout,driventotheendsoftheEarth.

TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.Thefirstfactorgaveusthekeystothedoorofanyroomontheplanet;theothergaveusreasonstousethem.

Overthecenturies,asagriculturespreadacrosstheplanet,peoplemovedtowardplaceswheremetalwasfoundandworkedandtocentersofcommercethatthenbecomecities.Thoseplaceswere,inturn,invadedandoverrunbypeoplelatergenerationscalledbarbarians.

Inbetweenthesestormsurgesweresteadierbutsimilarlyprofoundfidesinwhichpeoplemovedouttocolonizeorwerecapturedandbroughtinasslaves.ForawhilethepopulationofAthens,thatcityoflegendaryenlightenmentwasasmuchas35percentslaves.

“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.

Itisdifficulttothinkofanygreateventsthatdidnotinvolvemigration.Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.“It’spartofournature,thismovement,”Millersaid,“It’sjustafactofthehumancondition.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.AccordingtoKingsleyDavis,migrationoccursasaresultofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

3.WhichofthefollowinggroupsisNOTmentionedasmigrantsinthepassage?

4.Thereseemstobea(n)______relationshipbetweengreateventsandmigration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Migrationexertsagreatimpactonpopulationchange.

B.MigrationcontributestoMankind’sprogress.

C.Migrationbringsaboutdesirableandundesirableeffects

D.Migrationmaynotbeaccompaniedbyhumanconflicts.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.humanadaptability

B.humanevolution

C.culturaldifferences

D.inter-groupinequalities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Farmers.

B.Workers.

C.Settlers.

D.Colonizers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.loose

B.indefinite

C.causal

D.remote

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪個陳述是不正確的？”。根據(jù)第三段第一句Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.（移民是人口變化的動態(tài)的潛在影響：每個人的解決方案，每個人的沖突）可知，A項(xiàng)“人口遷移對人口變化有很大的影響”正確，而D項(xiàng)“移民可能不會伴隨著人類沖突”與原文不符；由第三段最后一句Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”（隨著世紀(jì)之交的到來，移民及其不可避免的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治動蕩被稱為“下個世紀(jì)最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一”）以及第四段最后一句Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.（移民幫助創(chuàng)造了人類，驅(qū)使我們征服這個星球，塑造了我們的社會，并有望再次重塑它們）可知，B項(xiàng)“移民有助于人類的進(jìn)步”和C項(xiàng)“移民帶來了有利和不利的影響”都符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)KingsleyDavis的說法，移民的發(fā)生是由于以下原因，除了……”。根據(jù)文章第七段TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.（在人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家KingsleyDavis看來，有兩件事促成了移民的發(fā)生。首先，人類可以用他們的工具和語言來適應(yīng)不同的環(huán)境，而不必等待進(jìn)化使他們適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。其次，隨著人口的增長，文化開始出現(xiàn)差異，不同群體之間的不平等也在發(fā)展。）可知，移民發(fā)生的原因包括人類的適應(yīng)性和文化的差異以及不同群體之間的不平等，A項(xiàng)“人類的適應(yīng)能力”、C項(xiàng)“文化差異”和D項(xiàng)“部落之間的不平等”都是其中的原因，只有B項(xiàng)“人類進(jìn)化”未提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪個群體在文章中沒有提到是移民？”。最后一段講述了幾起重大事件引起的人口遷移：Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.（宗教催生了朝圣者或定居者；戰(zhàn)爭把難民趕到了他們面前，為征服者提供了新的土地；政治動蕩使成千上萬人流離失所；經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新像磁鐵一樣吸引著工人和企業(yè)家；像饑荒或疾病這樣的環(huán)境災(zāi)難把他們臟兮兮的生還者推到任何他們可以重新種植希望的地方。），由此可知，B項(xiàng)“工人”、C項(xiàng)“定居者”和D項(xiàng)“殖民者”都是移民的群體，只有A項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”沒有被提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在重大事件和移民之間似乎有一個……的關(guān)系”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.（特拉華大學(xué)政治學(xué)教授、《移民時代》的合著者M(jìn)arkMiller最近告訴我：“讓我震驚的是，移民和世界重大事件是因果關(guān)系?！保┛芍?，C項(xiàng)“因果”正確；A項(xiàng)“松散的”、B項(xiàng)“不確定的”和D項(xiàng)“遙遠(yuǎn)的”都不準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’twatch

B.haven’twatched

C.haven’twatched

D.hadn’twatched

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。考查虛擬語氣。分析題干可知ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從主句部分的wouldn’thavebeen可知此句是對過去事實(shí)的虛擬，因此從句部分應(yīng)用had+過去分詞形式，故選D項(xiàng)。句意：“哦，我太困了不能學(xué)習(xí)。”?！班?，如果你昨晚沒有觀看那個晚場的電影的話，你不會如此困?！?/p>

7.單選題

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”Connerlysaid.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate.”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenonprofitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented

B.minorityapplicantsshouldbegivenfavorableconsiderations

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies

【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。

找句內(nèi)線索

根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram…onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.（我們談?wù)摗贿m用于少數(shù)族裔的招生、獎學(xué)金等項(xiàng)目，或在這些方面錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不同。），可知批評人士認(rèn)為針對少數(shù)族裔，錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)當(dāng)不同，C選項(xiàng)“錄取少數(shù)種族學(xué)生的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該不同”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)執(zhí)行基于種族考慮的錄取政策”：他們認(rèn)為少數(shù)族裔的錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該不同，參考了種族因素，屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族申請人應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先考慮”：錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同不等于優(yōu)先考慮，屬于過度推斷。

D選項(xiàng)“名牌大學(xué)應(yīng)該因?yàn)樗麄兊钠缫曅哉叨艿綉土P”：根據(jù)第一段第一、二句theSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.（最高法院周一的裁決支持多元化學(xué)生群體的目標(biāo)。高等教育領(lǐng)袖們對這一決定表示了極大的歡迎，稱這再次肯定了名牌大學(xué)所采用的政策。），可知名牌大學(xué)沒有歧視行為，屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen（

）in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deployed

B.committed

C.indulged

D.immersed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deploy“部署，有效利用”；B選項(xiàng)commit“犯罪，保證”;C選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺”；D選項(xiàng)immerse“沉浸，陷入”；根據(jù)主語‘Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectors微型毒素探測器網(wǎng)絡(luò)’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Hebroughtanentirelynewlevelofstyleandsophisticationtojazzmusic.Althoughagiftedpianoplayer,DukeEllingtonusedtheorchestraashisprincipalinstrument.Heconsideredhimselfacomposerandarrangerratherthanjustamusician,likeJellyRollMortonbeforehim.

Itwasin1917whenDukebeganplayingmusicprofessionallyinWashington,D.C.StridepianoplayerslikeJamesP?JohnsonandWillie“TheLion”Smithinfluencedhispianotechnique.DukeledabandcalledTheWashingtonians,whichplayedatTheHollywoodClubinManhattan(theclubwaslaterrenamedastheKentuckyClub).ThisbandacquiredastyleallitsownwhentrumpetplayerBubberMileyjoinedit,bringingwithhimhisuniqueplunger-mutestyleofplaying.Calledthe“JungleSound，”thissoundcametobelargelyresponsibleforEllington’searlysuccess.AgoodexampleofthisstyleofplayingisthesongEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo.In1924，thegrouprecordedtheirfirstalbum,ChooChoo(GottaHurryHomeandRainyNights(RainyDays)).However,thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.In1927,thebandre-recordedversionsofEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo,thendebutedtwosongsthatwouldbeassociatedwithDukefortherestofhiscareer,BlackandTanFantasyandCreoleLoveCall.

Ellington’sOrchestra,unlikemanyofitscontemporaries,wasabletomakethetransitionfrom1920shotjazzto1930sswingmusic.Onesongitplayed,ItDon’tMeanaThing(IfItAin’tGotThatSwing),evencametodefinetheera.WhatkepttheEllingtonOrchestraamajorforceinjazzwasthisveryabilitytoadaptandgrowwiththetimes.

ThefameandinfluenceofEllingtoncontinuedtogrowthroughoutthe40sand50s.HisbandcontinuedtocomeupwithjazzstandardslikeTakethe‘A’Train,Perdido,the4C’JamBlues,andSatinDollDukewroteseveralreligiouspiecesinthe1960s.HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,amongthemCharlesMingusandMaxRoachwithwhomheplayedatrio.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,DukeEllingtonworkedasallofthefollowingEXCEPTasa（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthispassagemostprobablyagreewith?

4.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutDukeEllingtonaretrueEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelifeofDukeEllington

B.theshiftfromjazztoswingmusic

C.themusicofDukeEllington

D.thedevelopmentofjazzmusic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.bandleader

B.singer

C.bandmanager

D.composer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.DukeEllington’sresistancetochangecausedthecollapseofhismusicalcareer.

B.DukeEllingtondidmostofhisjazzcompositionsincollaborationwithothers.

C.DukeEllington’sclassicalcompositionsarehisgreatestcontributiontomusic.

D.DukeEllington’ssophisticatedmusicalstylegreatlyinfluencedthejazzgenre.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hetrainedseveralbandstoperformhisjazzmusic.

B.Hehadalwaysperformedwithhisownband.

C.Hewasamajorinfluenceinjazzmusic.

D.Hecomposedmanysongsthatdefinedacertainperiod.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。文章一開始講到了DukeEllington給爵士樂帶來了一種新的風(fēng)格，后面介紹了他給樂隊(duì)發(fā)展帶來的影響，以及在音樂方面的創(chuàng)作。由此可知，文章主要話題是艾靈頓公爵的音樂。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.”是歐文.米爾斯成為了經(jīng)理，而不是艾靈頓。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，可看出艾靈頓讓爵士樂的風(fēng)格和復(fù)雜性有了一個新的高度，而且產(chǎn)生了持久的影響力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,”，艾靈頓并不只是和自己的樂隊(duì)一起表演，還和其他爵士音樂人一起合作，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.翻譯題

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】當(dāng)一些美國人談及英語的優(yōu)點(diǎn)時，幾乎總是一開始就贊美其詞匯量之龐大，英語的詞匯比任何其他語言的詞匯至少多一倍。然而，吸引外國人的并不是詞匯量大，相反，浩瀚的詞匯很容易令外國人擔(dān)憂。真正贏得外國人的是英語簡練和淳樸的特征。盡管英語中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音節(jié)詞，但我們卻更多地使用短語，少用長詞。而且，我們總是努力把長詞縮短。以前使用puniligrion，現(xiàn)在縮短成了pun；昨天還是gasoline，今天已成為gas。歐洲沒有任何一種其他語言有這么多由三個字母構(gòu)成的單詞，也沒有如此多由四個單詞構(gòu)成的語言?！癋irstcomes,firstserved（先到先供應(yīng)）”便是典型的英語，因?yàn)樗荒苛巳?、樸?shí)無華、短小精悍。

11.單選題

Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!There'salotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,andit'scomingfromavarietyofsources,clients,fearfulthattheyaremissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”,demandsomekindofwhiz-bang（尖端）demonstrationoftechnologyfromagencies.Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.Collegekidsenterthemarketplaceaimedwithcomputerliteracycompletelyalientomanyveteranpractitioners.Andinsomecases,membersofthemediademandthatinformationbepackagedtoaccommodatetheirparticulartechnologicalpreferences.

Istechnologynowthetailwaggingdog?Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.Allofthismillenniumtalkhasproducedanunnecessarylevelofanxietyaboutthenecessityoftechnologicalinnovation一theideathatyouarelight-yearsbehindunlessyouarelight-yearsahead.Relax!Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.Solidresearch,strongwritingskills,creativity,andanappreciationforthevaluesofthemediaarethebackboneoftheprofession,regardlessofhowinformationispackaged.

Evenifthespeedofinformationtransmissionisincreasing,hightechisn'tforeveryone.Allclientsdon'tneedindividualwebpagesandsummariesofchatroomactivity.Whenconsideringapplicationsofnewtechnologies,considertheaudiencesforyourclient.Aretheycomfortablewithtechnology?Dotheyhaveaccesstothedistributionsystemsyouareconsidering?Dotheyhavetheskillsandknowledgetousethesesystems?Dotheynavigatetheweb,useCD-ROMorevenownaVCR?

Considertheimageofthecompanyitself.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.

Yes,awebpagecanbeacost-efficientcommunicationtoolwhenyouconsidertheminimalmediacost.Butonceit'supandrunning,you'vegottokeepitfresh,andthatmeansacontinualallocationoftimeandspecializedresources.Inthehyper-speedmodelofcommunications,nothingisolderthaninformationthatisbothoutdatedandon-line.Andtoinformationconsumers,yourwebpagewillceasetobeasourceifitisn'tkeptcurrent.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebpagesbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.Thegapbetweenwhatthecandidatewassayingandwhatthewebpagewasshowingbecameastoryinitself.Ifyou'regoingtohaveapresenceontheInternet,youhavetobudgetforregularmaintenance.Otherwise,youareputtingasignupthatsays“toocheaptoberelevant”.

1.Therecententhusiasmfornewtechnologyispartlybroughtonby（）.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftherecentnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelations?

3.The“tailwaggingdog”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theroleofnewtechnologyinpublicrelations（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatawebpage（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.electronicinnovations

B.thedevelopmentofnewinteractivesoftware

C.consumers'fearofbeingleftbehindthetide

D.thepopularizationoftheWeb

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itindicatesasuddenrealizationofanoncomingradicalchangeinpublicrelations.

B.Itremindsusofthefactthattechnologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.

C.Itissuperficialanddoesnotmeanthatweareusheringinanewage.

D.Itisasuresignthatwearemissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theoverwhelminglypredominantthing

B.thedogthattucksitstailbetweenitslegs

C.thethingtobetamedurgently

D.theproblemtobetackledatonce

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.can'tbetooemphasizedintoday'sworld

B.isunnecessarilyexaggerated

C.isnotfullyrecognizedyet

D.ismoreimportanttothecompanythantotheclient

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.canusuallyprovidetheviewerswiththelatestinformation

B.isnotagoodideaunlessitsinformationisupdatedconstantly

C.maytakemoremoneytobesetupandkeptrunningthanimagined

D.canfindextensiveapplicationsinpresidentialelections

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.”行業(yè)出版商不斷吹捧最新的和最偉大的電子創(chuàng)新。所以，人們對新技術(shù)的熱情，有一部分是來源于電子創(chuàng)新。選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.”技術(shù)一直是專業(yè)人士用來幫助他們工作的工具。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，技術(shù)一直是專業(yè)人士用來幫助他們工作的工具。建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測和滿足客戶和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。也就是說新技術(shù)并不是公共關(guān)系中起關(guān)鍵作用的主流事物。所以“tailwaggingdog”指具有壓倒性優(yōu)勢的事物，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第五句“Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.”建立良好公共關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)與過去一樣，依舊是：預(yù)測和滿足客戶和媒體的需求,并提供有用的信息和建議。所以說沒必要夸大新技術(shù)在公共關(guān)系中的作用。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，網(wǎng)頁一旦啟用，就需要一直的保持新鮮感，也就是說，信息需要不斷的更新。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

12.單選題

MurovyovkaNaturePark,aprivatenaturereserve,istheresultofthevisionanddeterminationofoneman,SergeiSmirenski.TheMoscowUniversityProfessorhasgainedthesupportofinternationalfundsaswellaslocalofficials,businessmenandCollectivefarms.

Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.TwoWisconsinfarmers,DonandEllenPadley,spentlastsummerpreparinglandinTanbovkadistrict,wheretheparkislocated，andtheywillreturnthissummertoplantit.

SpecialistsfromtheUniversityofUtahalsocametostudythelocalcattleindustry,lookingtodeveloppossibilitiesforbeefexportstoJapan.

Separately,10N