考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津渤海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津渤海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenderize

B.defrost

C.season

D.braise

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。thaw意為“(結(jié)冰后)解凍，融化，融解”；tenderize意為“使嫩，使軟化”；defrost意為“（給……）化霜，（使）解凍”；season意為“加調(diào)料調(diào)味，加作料”；braise意為“燉，燜”。

句意：烹飪?nèi)庵?，你得先解凍它?/p>

2.單選題

Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數(shù)目、程度、價(jià)值、實(shí)力等的減少；diminish指某事物對(duì)照原本基礎(chǔ)上數(shù)量或質(zhì)量少了很多；decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐漸衰弱的過程；reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量等，也可指級(jí)別、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，記憶力變得比原來(lái)差，因此選B。

句意：他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，有很多事情他記不清了。

3.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perfect“使完美”；hinder“隱藏，藏起來(lái)”；B選項(xiàng)exhaust“排出，耗盡”；interest“引起的興趣”；C選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)，拖延”；necessitate“使成為必需”；D選項(xiàng)vote“投票”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據(jù)句意‘然而由于一些植被類型或者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究已經(jīng)很完善了，它們不再需要專家?！疉選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deflectfrom“從……偏斜”；B選項(xiàng)flirtwith“同…調(diào)情；不認(rèn)真考慮”；C選項(xiàng)caterto“迎合…口味；為…服務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)hingeon“取決于……；以……為轉(zhuǎn)移”。根據(jù)句意‘你們的《天堂》雜志本應(yīng)該是一本優(yōu)秀的期刊，但是現(xiàn)在卻來(lái)滿足完全不同的公眾閱讀口味，從而導(dǎo)致明顯下降的質(zhì)量?！芍@里表示迎合公眾閱讀的口味，C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Fordecades,armscontroltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentire,city.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

RespectedmilitaryhistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradiosanddry-cellbatterieswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.”

Nooneknowspreciselyhowmanysmallarmsandlightweaponsareincirculation,butexpertsestimatethatmilitary-stylefirearmsmaynumberabout500million.Inaddition,tensofmillionsofcivilian-typeriflesandpistolsareownedbyprivatecitizens.Whatismore,newweaponsareproducedandfedintothemarketeachyear:

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990’stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Hugesuppliesofgunspasslegallyfromnationtonation.AftertheColdWar,armiesinboththeEastandtheWestwerereduced,andgovernmentsgaveorsoldexcessequipmenttofriendsandallies.Accordingtoanestimatesince1995theUnitedStatesalonehasgivenawaymorethan800,000rifles,pistols,machineguns,andgrenadelaunchers.Itisreasonedthatgivingweaponsawayischeaperthandismantlingorstoringandguardingthem.

Theillegaltrade,however,maybemuchlarger.Black-marketweaponsusuallyhavetobepurchased.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughthundredsofmillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionastheyuseexchangetosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat____________.

2.Allofthefollowingarethereasonswhysmallarmshavebecomethechoiceinrecentwarsexcept____________.

3.WhydidUSgovernmentgiveawayalargenumberofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageisprobably____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmscontrolisevenmoreimportantthannucleararms-control

B.itishardlysurprisingthatthenucleararms-controltalkshavenotreachedanagreement

C.nuclearweapons’powertokillpeoplehasbeenexaggerated

D.nuclearweaponsarenotaspowerfulassmallweapons

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarecheap

B.Smallarmsarepowerfulantipersonnelweapons

C.smallarmsareeasiertouse

D.smallarmsareeasiertoget

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitwantstoarmtheirfriendsandallies.

B.Becauseitislessexpensivethankeepingthem.

C.Becauseitwantstosavetheresources.

D.Becauseitisbettertostoreandguardtheminothercountries.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段對(duì)人們對(duì)于核武器與小型武器的重視程度和各自使用頻率進(jìn)行對(duì)比，第二段對(duì)比兩種武器傷害的人的數(shù)量，可知這篇文章想要人們更重視小型武器，所以A選項(xiàng)“小型軍備控制甚至比核軍備控制更重要”正確，C選項(xiàng)“核武器殺傷力被夸大”和D選項(xiàng)“核武器不如小型武器強(qiáng)大”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“核軍備控制談判沒有達(dá)成協(xié)議不足為奇”：文章沒有涉及，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器很便宜”：根據(jù)第四段第四句Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain（小武器和輕武器很便宜。），所以便宜是小型武器運(yùn)用在近年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“小型武器殺傷性強(qiáng)”：根據(jù)第五段第一句Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一個(gè)原因是它們的是致命性。），故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以C選項(xiàng)“小型武器使用更容易”：Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它們也易于使用和維護(hù)。），故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“小型武器更容易買到”：根據(jù)第六段第一句Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.（全球槍支販運(yùn)很復(fù)雜。），可知小型武器不容易買，故正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Itisreasonedthatgivingweaponsawayischeaperthandismantlingorstoringandguardingthem.（有理由認(rèn)為，交出武器要比拆除、儲(chǔ)存和看守它們便宜。），可知美國(guó)送出武器是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)原因，所以B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檫@比保留它們更便宜”正確，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗牍?jié)約資源”和D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榉旁谄渌麌?guó)家儲(chǔ)存和保護(hù)更好?！辈痪唧w，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗胛溲b自己的朋友和盟友?！蔽恼聸]有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“黑市上的小型武器并不貴”和B選項(xiàng)“用小武器交換鉆石不公平”：根據(jù)第七段最后一句notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas（不是用錢，而是用從鉆石礦區(qū)奪得的鉆石），用鉆石交換武器來(lái)說(shuō)明在黑市小型武器很貴，沒有提到公平與否，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“罪犯利用同一途徑走私毒品和小型武器”和D選項(xiàng)“哪里有毒品，哪里就有小型武器”：Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionastheyuseexchangetosmugglegunsintheother.（犯罪組織利用走私毒品的途徑走私槍支的現(xiàn)象并不罕見。），可知C選項(xiàng)正確，不代表毒品走私和小型武器走私一定連在一起，故D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章在開頭點(diǎn)出人們對(duì)小型武器的忽視，再點(diǎn)出小型武器在殺傷力、生產(chǎn)、保存、販賣等各個(gè)方面帶來(lái)的問題，可知這篇文章主要講小型武器帶來(lái)的問題，要人們重視小型武器，所以D選項(xiàng)“小型武器，重大問題”正確，B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)小型武器控制的忽視”和C選項(xiàng)“全球小型武器販運(yùn)”是其中的一方面，不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“小型武器談判，而非核武器談判”：文章沒有重點(diǎn)講談判，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbe（）frompunishmentifhesaidwhatheknewaboutthemurder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.immigrant

C.imminent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。immune“免疫的”；immigrant“移民的”；imminent“即將來(lái)臨的”；infallible“絕對(duì)可靠的”。句意：如果這個(gè)罪犯能說(shuō)出有關(guān)謀殺犯的事，他可以免受懲罰。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea（）,hefoundthatthehotelwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reservation

B.claim

C.mess

D.revision

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)reservation“預(yù)約，保留”，B項(xiàng)claim“宣稱，要求”，C項(xiàng)mess“混亂”，D項(xiàng)revision“修正，復(fù)習(xí)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞hotel（酒店）可知，空格部分表示“預(yù)約”，makeareservation固定搭配，表示“預(yù)定，預(yù)約”；句意：當(dāng)他試圖預(yù)訂房間時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)由于一個(gè)會(huì)議的舉辦旅館已經(jīng)客滿了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美國(guó)社會(huì)中，商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)比任何其他類型的組織都有更高的聲譽(yù)，包括政府）可知C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)是美國(guó)人最關(guān)心的問題”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)本身不僅是好的，它也是美國(guó)其他基本價(jià)值觀如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)平等和努力工作的保護(hù)手段）可知D選項(xiàng)“通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理論上，如果一個(gè)企業(yè)試圖利用其客戶的不公平優(yōu)勢(shì)，它將輸給對(duì)其客戶更公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性企業(yè)。當(dāng)許多企業(yè)為了顧客的錢而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)時(shí)，他們不能像對(duì)待下級(jí)或奴隸那樣對(duì)待他們）可知是從從企業(yè)與客戶兩個(gè)角度說(shuō)明商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，因此選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人們常常將商業(yè)和政府進(jìn)行對(duì)比，一個(gè)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，另一個(gè)具有壟斷性）可知A選項(xiàng)“其對(duì)權(quán)力的絕對(duì)控制”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)成功通常被視為是美國(guó)人對(duì)基于家庭背景的社會(huì)等級(jí)的替代方式。因此，商業(yè)被視為是機(jī)會(huì)平等觀念的一種表達(dá)，而不是繼承特權(quán)的貴族觀念）可知B選項(xiàng)“在許多國(guó)家，成功往往取決于一個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位”符合題意。

9.單選題

Westernmedicine,（）scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees，isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rootedin

B.originatedfrom

C.trappedin

D.indulgedin

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。rootin“來(lái)源于，起因于”；originatefrom“發(fā)源于，起源于”；trapin“受困于”；indulgein“沉溺于”。句意：西藥從科學(xué)發(fā)展而來(lái)，通過人們的實(shí)踐獲得國(guó)際認(rèn)定的醫(yī)學(xué)地位，它只是眾多治療系統(tǒng)中的一種。originatefrom指一般意義上的來(lái)源于某地。rootin有“扎根于，根植于”的意思。所以選項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。

10.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項(xiàng)element“元素，要素”；B選項(xiàng)component“配件、要素”，機(jī)械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調(diào)用的事物配料；D選項(xiàng)constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關(guān)鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關(guān)鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個(gè)重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

11.翻譯題

SinceAlfredNobeldiedin1896wehaveenteredanageofstormandtragedy.Thepowerofmanhasgrownineverysphereexceptoverhimself.Neverinthefieldofactionhaveeventsseemedsoharshlytodwarfpersonalities.Rarelyinhistoryhavebrutalfactssodominatedthoughtorhassuchawidespreadindividualvirtuefoundsodimacollectivefocus.

WeinEuropeandthewesternworldwhohaveplannedforhealthandsocialsecurity,whohavemarveledatthetriumphsofmedicineandscience,andwhohaveaimedatjusticeandfreedomforall,haveneverthelessbeenwitnessesoffamine,misery,cruelty,anddestructionbeforewhichpalethedeedsofGenghisKhan.Andwewho,firstintheLeagueofNationsandnowintheUnitedNations,haveattemptedtogiveanabidingfoundationtothepeaceofwhichmenhavedreamedsolonghavelivedtoseeaworldmarredbycleavagesandthreatenedbydiscordsevergraverandmoreviolentthanthosewhichconvulsedEuropeafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

AlfredNobelhasleftbehindhimabrightandenduringbeamofculture,ofpurpose,andofinspirationtoagenerationwhichstandsinsoreneed.Thisworld-famousinstitutionpointsatruepathforustofollow.Letus,therefore,confronttheclatterandrigidityweseearounduswithtolerance,variety,andcalm.

【答案】自阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生1896年去世后，我們就進(jìn)入了一個(gè)狂暴而悲慘的時(shí)代。人類的勢(shì)力在每個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有所發(fā)展，只有其自身除外。在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上從未有過如此殘酷之事，人格如此卑微，歷史上思想受控于殘酷的事實(shí)也是罕有，廣為舍棄的美德也從未如此黯淡無(wú)光。

我們所在的歐洲和西方社會(huì)，曾注重醫(yī)療事業(yè)和社會(huì)安全事業(yè)，曾在醫(yī)學(xué)和科學(xué)上取得驚人成功，曾致力于全人類的正義和自由，可我們現(xiàn)在卻見證了饑荒、痛苦、殘忍和毀滅。這些足以使成吉思汗的豐功偉績(jī)黯然失色。從起初的國(guó)際聯(lián)盟到今天的聯(lián)合國(guó)，我們一直嘗試著給人們夢(mèng)想已久的和平，建立一個(gè)持久的基礎(chǔ)。我們目睹了分崩離析、戰(zhàn)火紛飛的破損社會(huì)，其動(dòng)蕩比羅馬帝國(guó)崩潰后對(duì)歐洲的震動(dòng)更慘重和劇烈。

阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生將輝煌而不朽的文化、意志和靈感的燈火留給了急需滋養(yǎng)的一代。這個(gè)舉世聞名的機(jī)構(gòu)指出了一條真正的道路，引領(lǐng)我們前行。所以讓我們用忍耐、機(jī)敏與冷靜，來(lái)對(duì)抗我們身邊嘈雜與僵化的環(huán)境吧。

12.單選題

In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisasterunlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.

Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'sfigure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.

Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage?

2.Thephrase“havingovergrowntheavailablefoodsupplies”inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,2percentannualincreaseintheproductionoffoodcannotbeachieved.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationhegavefortheproblem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?

5.Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.

B.Malthus’predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts

C.Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.

D.Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedtostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulation

B.theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation

C.worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproduction

D.foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforworldpopulation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmlandreservesleft.

B.Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.

C.Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearcstillprevailingallovertheworld.

D.Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hydroponicshascreatedwondersinagriculture.

B.Hydroponicsistoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.

C.Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

D.Hydroponicshasalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.higheryield

B.lowerlaborcosts

C.moreautomation

D.lesshardmanualword

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一二段講述了糧食危機(jī)，第三段提出了解決糧食危機(jī)的辦法-水培法，Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.水培法很可能是解決我們所有食物問題的答案。故C項(xiàng)“水培法可能是解決未來(lái)世界糧食短缺的方法?！闭_。

2.推理判斷題。In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.1798年，政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬爾薩斯預(yù)言，人類遲早會(huì)面臨饑餓，因?yàn)槿祟惖募Z食供應(yīng)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了人類的需求?？芍祟惷媾R糧食危機(jī)的原因在于人類的增長(zhǎng)速度超過了糧食的供應(yīng)速度，糧食供應(yīng)不足才會(huì)導(dǎo)致糧食危機(jī)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.盡管現(xiàn)代機(jī)械化和化肥的廣泛使用，但任何一個(gè)運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的國(guó)家從來(lái)沒有保持過這樣的增長(zhǎng)率。沒有大量有價(jià)值的潛在農(nóng)田儲(chǔ)備，肥沃的土地不斷被用于工業(yè)用途。此外，土壤的侵蝕會(huì)造成持續(xù)的損失?？芍狣項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代機(jī)械化和化肥的使用在世界上還沒有很好地普及?！迸c原文“despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.”不符，故答案D。A項(xiàng)“沒有足夠的潛在耕地儲(chǔ)備?！?；B項(xiàng)“土地正因侵蝕和工業(yè)化而喪失?！?；C項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)方法仍然在世界各地盛行?！痹谠摱味寄苷业揭罁?jù)。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.多年來(lái)在各種氣候條件下進(jìn)行的深入研究產(chǎn)生了一種革命性的不用任何土壤就能種植作物的方法。水培法，這種技術(shù)被稱為水培法，很可能是解決我們所有食物問題的答案。它已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了巨大作物產(chǎn)量的奇跡。水培曾經(jīng)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而昂貴的產(chǎn)業(yè);現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實(shí)驗(yàn)階段。勞動(dòng)力成本遠(yuǎn)低于正常的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式。事實(shí)上，這是一個(gè)完全自動(dòng)化的系統(tǒng)。沒有艱苦的體力勞動(dòng)，沒有挖掘或耕作，也沒有除草，產(chǎn)量可以比在土壤里高得多?？芍狟項(xiàng)“水培法對(duì)于實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)說(shuō)過于復(fù)雜和昂貴?！迸c原文“Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.水培曾經(jīng)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜而昂貴的產(chǎn)業(yè);現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實(shí)驗(yàn)階段”不符，水培法在過去是一種復(fù)雜而昂貴的產(chǎn)業(yè)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)運(yùn)用于生產(chǎn)。A項(xiàng)“水培法在農(nóng)業(yè)上創(chuàng)造了奇跡。”正確；C項(xiàng)“水培法被認(rèn)為是一種革命性的農(nóng)業(yè)方法?！闭_；D項(xiàng)“水培法已經(jīng)在食品生產(chǎn)中得到應(yīng)用”與原文“nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.它已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了實(shí)驗(yàn)階段”相符。

5.推理判斷題。本位主要講述了糧食危機(jī)，并提出了解決辦法-水培法。盡管水培法有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但最重要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)量高，這樣才能從根本上解決糧食問題。最后一句Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.產(chǎn)量可能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于土壤中的產(chǎn)量。故A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說(shuō)”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細(xì)菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，就像感官體驗(yàn)對(duì)大腦進(jìn)行編程一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這個(gè)“衛(wèi)生假說(shuō)”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里與人類共生進(jìn)化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分就被拋棄了?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個(gè)鏡像?！环萦煞▏?guó)研究人員撰寫的關(guān)于衛(wèi)生假說(shuō)的報(bào)告稱?！辩R像與原像是相反的，這里是說(shuō)他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應(yīng)該要注意傷口的護(hù)理，因?yàn)榧?xì)菌一旦進(jìn)入血液就會(huì)引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B和D不符合原文描述；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,..