船用金屬腳手架培訓課程-3課件

MARINEMETALSCAFFOLDINGCOURSEFORSCAFFOLDERSDAY3第三天3.1SAFETYRULESTOBEOBSERVEDINTHEERECTINGANDDISMANTLINGOFSCAFFOLDS搭建和拆除腳手架時必須遵守的安全規(guī)則

Warningsignboardtobeprominentlydisplayed.

必須有明顯的警示牌B.Ensurefirmgroundcondition(e.gshouldnoterectongroundaffectedbytidalchanges).

保證地面堅固（不能搭建在受潮汐影響的地面上）C.Standardplumbandwellsupported.

標準的鉛垂和好的支撐D.Standardspacingnotmorethan2.5M.

標準間隔不超過2.5ME.Foottie-correctlyfittedandsecured.

底部橫撐正確安裝并且加固F.Ledgersandtransomstobefittedhorizontallyandconnectedtostandardwithrightanglecoupler.

橫木和橫梁必須用直角連接件水平連接在支柱上。3.1SAFETYRULESTOBEOBSERVEDINTHEERECTINGANDDISMANTLINGOFSCAFFOLDS搭建和拆除腳手架時必須遵守的安全規(guī)則F.Longitudinalandtransversebracingtobeconnectedtostandardwithswivelcouplers.縱向和橫向支撐應該用旋轉連接件連接在支柱上。G.Tiebacktobefittedaccordingtothedrawing.橫梁應按照圖紙安裝。H.Eachboardshouldhaveatleastthreesupportsunlessitsthicknessorspaninenoughtopreventanysaggingunderload.除非木板跨距和厚度足夠，否則為避免木板載重時松垂每個木板至少有3個支撐。Theboardshouldoverhangbybetween50mm–150mm.

木板應該懸于50mm-150mm之間。J.Whereboardsneedtobutt,putlogmustbedoubledandspacedsothatnoboardoverhangsbymorethan150mm.

如果板需要對接時，橫木必須為雙層的且150mm以上沒有板懸掛。-工作平臺-立柱-腳手架板-趾板-對接-橫梁-橫木-橫木和900連接件-伸出物厚板不超過板厚4倍或是低于50mmScaffoldshouldbeplumbedaswellasspeedlevel.腳手架必須是垂直的9003.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預防

Commonaccidents

常見事故Falldownfromheight

從高處落下

b.Hitbyfallingobjects

被落下的物體擊中

c.Physicalinjuriesduringmaterialhandlingeg.Handorleginjuries

處理材料時的傷害。如手或腿受傷。Don’trideonmobilescaffold–pushonlyfromgroundlevel不要騎在可移動的腳手架上3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預防B.Causes……cont’d

原因（反面）f.Timberboardnotproperlysecured.木板不牢固g.Couplersnotproperlytighten.連接件沒擰緊h.Unsafeacts.不安全行為i.Negligence疏忽行為j.Trippinghazardsonworkingplatform.工作平臺上絆倒Don’tintroducebendingstressestoscaffoldmembers.禁止給腳手架材料應用彎曲應力.3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預防C.Prevention……cont’d

預防（反面）g.Couplersproperlytightened.連接件擰緊h.Timberboardproperlysecured.木板固定牢固i.Adequatetie-backandbracing.適當的橫梁和支撐j.Notrippinghazardsonthejoiningoftimberboard.木板連接處沒有絆倒的危險k.Goodcommunication.良好的溝通3.2CAUSESANDPREVENTIONOFMARINESCAFFOLDACCEDENTS腳手架事故的原因和預防C.Prevention……cont’d

預防（反面）l.Knotsmustnotcausetrippinghazards.連接的地方不能引起絆倒m.Nounguardedopening.沒有保護的開孔n.Physicallyfit.身體健康o.Donotstandundersuspendedloads.不要站在懸空的負載下面p.Cutortrimsecuringpre-heatedwires.切除預加熱線3.3CAUSEOFTHECOLLAPSEOFASCAFFOLD腳手架倒塌的原因

Substandardmaterials.

不合格的材料B.Unskillederector.

不熟練的腳手架工C.Weakfoundation.

不牢固的底座D.Scaffolddamagedbyuser.

腳手架被使用者損壞E.Insufficienttiebackorbracing.

沒有充足的橫梁和支撐F.Unauthorisedremovalofscaffoldcomponentsuchasguardrail,bracing,tieback,ledger,etc.

未經允許去除腳手架材料，例如護欄、支撐、橫梁、橫木3.3CAUSEOFTHECOLLAPSEOFASCAFFOLD腳手架倒塌的原因G.Unauthorisedmodificationofscaffoldstructure.未經允許對腳手架進行修改結構H.Standardnotvertical/plumb.支柱不是垂直的。Failedtocomplystandardguideline.

沒有遵守標準規(guī)定。J.Lackofco-ordinationduringtheprocessofgascutting–resultingthefallingofcutoffmateriallandingonscaffold.

氣割過程中缺少協調-以至于從切割處落下K.Don’tmixdifferentsysteminthesamescaffold.

同一個腳手架不同系統(tǒng)不要混淆。3.4REQUIREMENTOFSOUNDMETALSCAFFOLDS可靠金屬腳手架的要求

Usesoundmaterials.

使用可靠的材料B.Scaffolderectedbycompetenterector.

由合格的腳手架工進行搭建C.Firmbase.

牢固的基礎D.Standardproperlyspaced(max2.5m)&plumb.

標準的間距（最大2.5m）和垂直測量E.Ledger,transomandputlogproperlyspacedandsecured.

橫木、橫梁間隔合適且牢固。3.4REQUIREMENTOFSOUNDMETALSCAFFOLDS可靠金屬腳手架的要求L.Regularinspection定期檢查。M.Properlymaintenance.適當保養(yǎng)N.Scaffolderectedasperdrawing.根據圖紙搭建腳手架O.Ladderproperlyfixed.梯子固定牢靠P.Nounguardedopening.沒有未防護的開孔Q.Usesuitablecouplers.使用相配的連接件Placescaffoldstandardsorframessystematicallyonsoleplates.腳手架支柱或結構放在底板上.3.5STATUTORYREQUIREMENTSOFSOUNDMARINEMETALSCAFFOLDING可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求F.Openingonlyforaccess.只有維修開孔G.Stairsorladders.樓梯或梯子H.Scaffoldsnottobeoverloaded.腳手架不能過載i.Standards,ledgersandputlogs.支柱、橫木J.Workingplatforms.工作平臺K.Boards,planksanddecking.木板、支架和蓋板3.5STATUTORYREQUIREMENTSOFSOUNDMARINEMETALSCAFFOLDING可靠金屬腳手架的法定要求L.Guardrailsandtoeboards.護欄和腳踏板M.Ties.綁帶N.Bracing.支撐O.Transoms.橫木P.Spigots,jointpinsetc.套管、接頭銷Q.Foundationsofscaffolds.腳手架基礎R.Preventionofsway.防止搖擺BACKGROUND背景

Anoiltankerwasdockedintheshipyardforaconversionproject.

一艘油輪在船廠進塢進行改裝工程

Worktobecarriedoutincludedtheblastingandcoatingofthetanks.

工作包括艙內打砂和油漆

Hangingscaffoldsweretobeerectedtofacilitatetheblastingandcoatingworkontheunderdeckofthevessel.

搭建懸掛式腳手架以便于甲板下的打砂油漆

AScaffoldingSupervisorfelltohisdeathduringtheerectionofthehangingscaffoldsinsidethevessel’stank.

一名腳手架主管在搭建過程中摔落致死DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT事故描述

AScaffoldSupervisorwaserectingahangingscaffoldinsidetheportcargooiltankofthevesseltogetherwithtwootherScaffoldErectors.

一個腳手架主管與兩名腳手架工在左舷貨油艙內搭建懸掛式腳手架。

TheScaffoldSupervisorpositionedhimselfonatriangularbracketofthe3rdsidelongitudinalframetoerectthesupportingframesoftheHangingscaffold.

腳手架主管在3層的三角支架上豎起一個支撐結構。

TheScaffoldSupervisorcoupleda6meterspipe(transomofthehangingstaging)anda3metrespipe(ledgerofthehangingstaging)withamealcoupler.腳手架主管用一個混合連接件連接一個6米的管（懸掛腳手架的橫梁）和一根3米的管（腳手架上的橫木）。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT(CON’T)事故描述（反面）

HelookeddownandthensawtheScaffoldSupervisorlyingonthe4thlongitudinalframeatthetankbottom.

他向下看看到腳手架主管躺在艙底4層縱向結構上。

TheScaffoldSupervisorhadfallenabout25meterstothebottomofthetank.Hediedfrommultipleinjuriessustainedfromthefall.

腳手架主管落到艙底大約25米。他死于創(chuàng)傷過多。

A9meterswireropewaspassedtotheScaffoldSupervisorbeoneoftheEcaffold

Srectorsforhimtotieittothepipeswithaclovehitchknot.

通過腳手架主管的一根9米的繩子是由其中一名腳手架工幫他用一個丁香結綁在管子上的。

AftertheScaffoldErectorhadplacedthe9meterswireropethroughascallopopeningattheunder-deckofthetank,helookedtowardswheretheScaffoldSupervisorwasworkingandfoundhimmissing.

腳手架工將繩子通過艙內甲板下的過焊孔后，他看見腳手架主管正在工作而且發(fā)現他的失手。6m管(橫梁)連接兩管的金屬連接件3m管(橫木)這里是丁香結,用9m繩子綁的死亡地點,艙底4層縱向結構9m繩就是綁在這根管子上.-落下25m至艙底后,死者落地時的管子的位置,在第4隔間管子末端置于通向第三間隔開孔下方的扁鋼條上OBSERVATIONS&FINDINGS觀察和發(fā)現

Thedeceasedwaswearinghissafetybelt.

死者佩戴了安全帶。

Eventhoughthedeceasedwaswearinghissafetybelt,therewasnolifelineorotherformsofsecuredanchorageprovidedforhimtoanchorhissafetybelt.

即使死者佩戴了安全帶，但沒有安全索或是其他的可以讓他的安全帶固定的地方。

AccordingtohisfellowScaffoldErectors,itwasthedeceased’sdutytoensurethatlifelineswereprovidedbeforeworkcommenced.

通過他手下的腳手架工，死者在開始施工作前應該保證有安全索。

Theclovehitchknottiedonthepipewasfoundtobeincomplete.

綁在管子上的丁香結并沒有綁好。CAUSEOFACCIDENT事故原因

Theincompleteclovehitchknottiedonthepipesindicatesthatthevictimhadprobablyfallenwhilehewastyingtheclovehitchknotonthepipes.

未綁好的丁香結表明死者在懸空時有可能跌落。

Nolifelinewasprovidedforthevictimtoanchorhissafetybelt,therewasnoprotectiontopreventthisfatalfall.

沒有安全索以供死者鉤掛他的安全帶，且跌落前沒有預防措施。LESSONSLEARNT教訓

ScaffoldSupervisorsandErectorsshouldbeeducatedandconstantlyremindedonthehazardsinvolvedandsafeworkpracticestofollowwhenworkingatheight.

腳手架主管和腳手架工在高空作業(yè)時應該接受教育并不斷提醒安全規(guī)則。

Sufficientandsecuredanchorageforanchoringofdoublelanyardandshockabsorber,bymeansoflifelineorotherwise,mustbeprovidedbeforetheerectionordismantlingofhangingscaffolds.

足夠的和牢固的鉤掛設施及減震器，通過安全索或其他方法實現；且必須在搭建/拆除懸掛式腳手架前提供。

ScaffoldSupervisorsmustberemindedtocarryouttheirdutiesdiligentlyandavoidat-riskbehaviour.

腳手架主管在履行他的責任必須得到提醒以避免危險行為。CaseStudyNo.2案例分析2Category類別:Fallingfromheight

從高處落下Job工作Task任務:ErectingofTowerScaffoldsInsideTank

艙內塔式腳手架的搭建:ErectingScaffold

搭建腳手架BACKGROUND背景

Anoiltankerwasschedulesforaconversionprojectintheshipyard.

一艘油輪計劃在船廠內進行改裝。

Theconversionprojectinvolvedmodificationworkonanexistingextendedspindleatthetank.

改裝項目包括對艙內現有的延伸軸進行修改。

AScaffoldErectorfelltohisdeathwhileerectinghetowerscaffoldfromthetankbottom.

一個腳手架工在搭建腳手架時摔到艙底致死。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT事故描述

Theextendedspindle,whichwasabout23metersinlength,ranverticallyalongthebulkheadofthetankfromthetankbottomtothemaindeck.

延伸軸，大約23米長，順著艙壁方向由艙底伸向主甲板。

AgroupofScaffoldErectorswasinstructedtoerectatowerscaffoldatthetanktofacilitatethemodificationworkonthespindle.

一組腳手架工被要求搭建一個塔式腳手架以便于進行修改工作。

TwoScaffoldErectorswerestationedatthebutterworthopeningonthemaindecktolowerscaffoldmaterialsusingalongfibrerope.

兩個腳手架工在主甲板的臨時開孔處用一根長的纖維繩將腳手架材料放下。

AnotherthreeScaffoldErectorswerestationedatthebottomofthetanktoreceivethematerialsbeingloweredtothemfortheerectionofscaffolds,aswellastoerectthetowerscaffoldsinthetank.

另外3個腳手架工在艙底接著搭建腳手架需要的材料，同時在艙內進行搭建腳手架。DESCRIPTIONOFACCIDENT(CON’T)事故描述（反面）

Afterthefirstliftlevelofthescaffoldhadbeenerected,ScaffoldErectorAsignaledtotheScaffoldErectorBwhowasstationedonthemaindecktohoistdowna4metersteelladder.

當第一層搭起來時，腳手架工A通知主甲板上的腳手架工B放下一個4米的鋼制梯子。

ScaffoldErectorAthenstraddledaverticalstandardtoreceivetheladderfromScaffoldErectorB.

腳手架工A跨坐在一個垂直的支柱上來接腳手架工B放下的梯子。

WhentheScaffoldErectorAextendedhishandtoreceivethesteelladder,helosthisbalanceandfellintothebottomofthetank.

當腳手架工A伸出手接梯子的時候，他失去平衡掉到艙底部。

ScaffoldErectorAsufferedaseverecutonhisleftshoulderwhenhefell3metersintothetankbottom.

腳手架工A掉下3米到艙底時他的左邊肩膀受傷。

ScaffoldErectorAeventuallysuccumbedtohisinjuriesduetoacute

haemorrhageofthetornrightbrachialartery.

腳手架工最終由于肩部大出血致死。Viewoftheerectedtowerscaffold.Thescaffoldwasonlyerectedtothefirst-liftlevel.-塔式腳手架圖,這個腳手架只搭建了一層-死者最后站在這里去夠梯子.-延伸軸Thedeceasedfellfromthescaffoldandlandedontothetankbottom.死者從腳手架上掉下,摔到艙底OBSERVATIONS&FINDINGS觀察和發(fā)現

Therewasnotaglineattachedtothesteelladder.Ataglinewouldhavemadeiteasierforthevictimtoreceivethesteelladder.

鋼制梯子上沒有附繩子。一根繩子就會讓死者很容易接到梯子。

Thevictimhadputonasafetybeltbutitwasnotanchoredastherewasnolifelineorsecuredanchoragepoint.Asthescaffoldwaserectedtofirstlift,itshouldnotbeconsideredasasecuredstructureforScaffoldErectorstoanchortheirsafetybelts.

死者戴上了安全帶但是該處沒有固定安全帶的地方。由于腳手架只搭建了第一層，并沒