生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理-Training課件

生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理

AnIntroductionDr.JinxingXieDepartmentofMathematicalSciencesTsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China/~jxieEmail:jxie@Voice:(86-10)62787812Fax:(86-10)62785847Office:Rm.1202,NewScienceBuildingProduction&OperationsManagement1生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理

AnIntroductionDr.OutlineWhatisProd.&OperationsManagement(POM)?DefinitionofOMOMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EMTheHeritageofOMWhatOperationsManagersdo?ExcitingNewTrendsinOMResearchMethodsAcademicSocietiesOMRelatedJournals2OutlineWhatisProd.&OperatiWhatisOperationsManagement?運(yùn)作管理就是對公司（或組織）的提供主要產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行、評價(jià)和改進(jìn)。OMisthesetofactivitiesthatcreatesgoodsandservicesbytransforminginputsintooutputs.OMisthebusinessfunctionthatmanagesthatpartofabusinessthattransformsrawmaterialsandhumaninputsintogoodsandservicesofhighervalue.(narrowview)3WhatisOperationsManagement?市場企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略營銷戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作管理人力工廠部件工藝計(jì)劃與控制系統(tǒng)輸入原料顧客輸出產(chǎn)品服務(wù)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)(5P)OM概要模型其他名稱：運(yùn)作管理生產(chǎn)管理；運(yùn)營管理工業(yè)管理；工廠管理4市場企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略營銷戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作管理人力工廠OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EM運(yùn)作管理是管理的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域（管理職能）OR/MS是各領(lǐng)域在制定決策時(shí)都可能遇到的定量方法SS/SE強(qiáng)調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)、系統(tǒng)方法IE/EM主要關(guān)注如何更好地利用企業(yè)的資源，解決工程問題（如工業(yè)自動(dòng)化等）OMOR/MSSS/SEIE/EM5OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早期概念專業(yè)化；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化零部件1880-1910：科學(xué)管理時(shí)代Gantt圖；動(dòng)作/時(shí)間研究；過程分析；排隊(duì)論1910-1980：大批量生產(chǎn)時(shí)代流水線；經(jīng)濟(jì)批量；線性規(guī)劃；PERT/CPM；MRP1980-1995：精益生產(chǎn)時(shí)代JIT；TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP1995-：大批量、顧客化生產(chǎn)時(shí)代全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce)敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的組織供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics)成本質(zhì)量顧客作為學(xué)科，OM誕生于50年代末60年代初6TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早GoodsandservicesdesignWhatproductshouldweoffer?Howshouldwedesigntheseproductsandservices?ManagingqualityWhoisresponsibleforquality?Howdowedefinethequalitywewantinourserviceorproduct?ProcessandcapacitydesignWhatprocesswilltheseproductsrequireandinwhatorder?Whatequipmentandtechnologyisnecessaryfortheseprocesses?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)7GoodsandservicesdesignWhatLocationstrategiesWhereshouldweputthefacility?Onwhatcriteriashouldwebasthelocationdecision?LayoutdesignHowshouldwearrangethefacility?Howlargemustthefacilitybetomeetourplan?HumanresourcesandjobdesignHowdoweprovideareasonableworkenvironment?Howmuchcanweexpectouremployeestoproduce?SupplychainmanagementShouldwebuyorproducethecomponent?Whoareoursuppliersandwhocanintegrateintooure-commerceprogram?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)8LocationstrategiesWhatOperatInventorycontrolHowmuchinventoryofeachitemshouldwehave?Whendowereorder?Intermediate,short-term,andprojectschedulingIssubcontractingproductionagoodidea?Arewebetteroffkeepingpeopleonthepayrollduringslowdowns?MaintenanceWhoisresponsibleformaintenance?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)9InventorycontrolWhatOperatioExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalornationalfocusGlobalfocus,internationalOMBatch(large)shipmentsJust-in-timeshipmentsLow-bidpurchasingSupplychainpartners,ERP,e-CommerceLengthyproductdevelopmentRapidproductdevelopment,alliancesStandardizedproductsMasscustomizationJobspecializationEmpoweredemployees,teams,andleanproduction10ExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalImportantResearchField

-ServiceOperationsManagementIntangibleProducedandconsumedsimultaneouslyUniqueHighcustomerinteractionInconsistentproductdefinitionKnowledge-basedDispersedDifficulttoautomateDifficulttomeasurequality…….11ImportantResearchField

-SeStrategicTacticOperationalLevelsofDecisionQualitativeQuantitativeResearchMethods12StrategicTacticOperationalLResearchMethodsEmpiricalCasestudySurveyPanelstudyDatabaseTheoreticmodelsDeterministicmodelsUncertaintymodelsSimulationExpertsystem(knowledgemodel)SimulationMotivationandObjectiveExperimentdesignIndependentvariablesDependentvariablesSimulationrunDataanalysisFindingsInsights13ResearchMethodsEmpiricalSimul建立OR/MS理論模型的一般步驟模型準(zhǔn)備模型假設(shè)模型構(gòu)成模型求解模型分析模型檢驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蛻?yīng)用Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation14建立OR/MS理論模型的一般步驟模型DedicatedINFORMS(AmeagerofORSAandTIMS)Inparticular,MSOM(ManufacturingandServiceOM)POM(ProductionandOperationsManagementSociety)EUROMA(EuropeanOperationsManagementAssociation)RelatedAcademyofManagementDSI(DecisionSciencesInstitute)APICS(AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety)IIE(InstituteofIndustrialEngineering)EURO(EuropeanOperationalResearchSociety)……AcademicSocieties15DedicatedAcademicSocieties15EstablishedMarch1999,NewestwithinINFORMSMembership:950,LargestwithinINFORMSSocietyWebpage:ThemethodswhichMSOMmembersapplyinordertohelptheoperationsfunctionaddvaluetoproductsandservicesarederivedfromawiderangeofscientificfields,includingoperationsresearchandmanagementscience,mathematics,economics,statistics,informationsystemsandartificialintelligence.ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagementSociety16EstablishedMarch1999,NewestSourceofReferencesTopjournal:

OperationsResearch(OR);ManagementScience(MS)Quasi-Topjournal:

ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagement(MSOM) IIETransactions(IIET) NavalResearchLogistics(NRL) MathematicsofOperationsResearch(MOR) Journalofoperationsmanagement(JOM)OperationsResearchLetters(ORL)Majorjournal:

EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch(EJOR)ProductionandOperationsManagement(POM) InternationalJournalofProductionResearch(IJPR) InternationalJournalofProductionEconomics(IJPE) JournaloftheOperationalResearchSociety(JORS) COR(Computers&OR);CIE(Computers&IE)ProductionPlanandControl(PPC)…17SourceofReferencesTopjournaOMRelatedJournalsJOM(J.ofOM)IJOPM(Int.J.Op.Prod.Mgmt.)POM(Prod.&OM)IJPR(Int.J.ofProd.Research)IJPE(Int.J.ofProd.Economics)PIMJ(Prod.Invent.Mgmt.J.)MS（ManagementSciences)HBR(HarvardBusinessRev.)EJORSloanMgmt.Review(MIT)MS(SSCI,SCI)OR(SCI)JOMIJOPMIJPR(SCI)POM(SCI)EJOR(SCI,SSCI)HBRAcademyofMgmt.JournalDS(DecisionSciences)(SSCI)Relevance

Ranks(1999,JOM)

QualityMSOM18OMRelatedJournalsJOM(J.of/~jxie/courses/pom/Pleasealsovisitthecourse’sWebpagein“清華大學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)堂”frequentlyforfurtherinformation.Attheendofthecourse,youshouldsubmitacoursereporttome.CourseNotesInformation19http://faculty.math.tsinghua.eTHEENDThankyouverymuchforyourattendance!20THEENDThankyouverymuchfor生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理

AnIntroductionDr.JinxingXieDepartmentofMathematicalSciencesTsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China/~jxieEmail:jxie@Voice:(86-10)62787812Fax:(86-10)62785847Office:Rm.1202,NewScienceBuildingProduction&OperationsManagement21生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理

AnIntroductionDr.OutlineWhatisProd.&OperationsManagement(POM)?DefinitionofOMOMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EMTheHeritageofOMWhatOperationsManagersdo?ExcitingNewTrendsinOMResearchMethodsAcademicSocietiesOMRelatedJournals22OutlineWhatisProd.&OperatiWhatisOperationsManagement?運(yùn)作管理就是對公司（或組織）的提供主要產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行、評價(jià)和改進(jìn)。OMisthesetofactivitiesthatcreatesgoodsandservicesbytransforminginputsintooutputs.OMisthebusinessfunctionthatmanagesthatpartofabusinessthattransformsrawmaterialsandhumaninputsintogoodsandservicesofhighervalue.(narrowview)23WhatisOperationsManagement?市場企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略營銷戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作管理人力工廠部件工藝計(jì)劃與控制系統(tǒng)輸入原料顧客輸出產(chǎn)品服務(wù)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)(5P)OM概要模型其他名稱：運(yùn)作管理生產(chǎn)管理；運(yùn)營管理工業(yè)管理；工廠管理24市場企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略營銷戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作管理人力工廠OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EM運(yùn)作管理是管理的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域（管理職能）OR/MS是各領(lǐng)域在制定決策時(shí)都可能遇到的定量方法SS/SE強(qiáng)調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)、系統(tǒng)方法IE/EM主要關(guān)注如何更好地利用企業(yè)的資源，解決工程問題（如工業(yè)自動(dòng)化等）OMOR/MSSS/SEIE/EM25OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早期概念專業(yè)化；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化零部件1880-1910：科學(xué)管理時(shí)代Gantt圖；動(dòng)作/時(shí)間研究；過程分析；排隊(duì)論1910-1980：大批量生產(chǎn)時(shí)代流水線；經(jīng)濟(jì)批量；線性規(guī)劃；PERT/CPM；MRP1980-1995：精益生產(chǎn)時(shí)代JIT；TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP1995-：大批量、顧客化生產(chǎn)時(shí)代全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce)敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的組織供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics)成本質(zhì)量顧客作為學(xué)科，OM誕生于50年代末60年代初26TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早GoodsandservicesdesignWhatproductshouldweoffer?Howshouldwedesigntheseproductsandservices?ManagingqualityWhoisresponsibleforquality?Howdowedefinethequalitywewantinourserviceorproduct?ProcessandcapacitydesignWhatprocesswilltheseproductsrequireandinwhatorder?Whatequipmentandtechnologyisnecessaryfortheseprocesses?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)27GoodsandservicesdesignWhatLocationstrategiesWhereshouldweputthefacility?Onwhatcriteriashouldwebasthelocationdecision?LayoutdesignHowshouldwearrangethefacility?Howlargemustthefacilitybetomeetourplan?HumanresourcesandjobdesignHowdoweprovideareasonableworkenvironment?Howmuchcanweexpectouremployeestoproduce?SupplychainmanagementShouldwebuyorproducethecomponent?Whoareoursuppliersandwhocanintegrateintooure-commerceprogram?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)28LocationstrategiesWhatOperatInventorycontrolHowmuchinventoryofeachitemshouldwehave?Whendowereorder?Intermediate,short-term,andprojectschedulingIssubcontractingproductionagoodidea?Arewebetteroffkeepingpeopleonthepayrollduringslowdowns?MaintenanceWhoisresponsibleformaintenance?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)29InventorycontrolWhatOperatioExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalornationalfocusGlobalfocus,internationalOMBatch(large)shipmentsJust-in-timeshipmentsLow-bidpurchasingSupplychainpartners,ERP,e-CommerceLengthyproductdevelopmentRapidproductdevelopment,alliancesStandardizedproductsMasscustomizationJobspecializationEmpoweredemployees,teams,andleanproduction30ExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalImportantResearchField

-ServiceOperationsManagementIntangibleProducedandconsumedsimultaneouslyUniqueHighcustomerinteractionInconsistentproductdefinitionKnowledge-basedDispersedDifficulttoautomateDifficulttomeasurequality…….31ImportantResearchField

-SeStrategicTacticOperationalLevelsofDecisionQualitativeQuantitativeResearchMethods32StrategicTacticOperationalLResearchMethodsEmpiricalCasestudySurveyPanelstudyDatabaseTheoreticmodelsDeterministicmodelsUncertaintymodelsSimulationExpertsystem(knowledgemodel)SimulationMotivationandObjectiveExperimentdesignIndependentvariablesDependentvariablesSimulationrunDataanalysisFindingsInsights33ResearchMethodsEmpiricalSimul建立OR/MS理論模型的一般步驟模型準(zhǔn)備模型假設(shè)模型構(gòu)成模型求解模型分析模型檢驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蛻?yīng)用Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation34建立OR/MS理論模型的一般步驟模型DedicatedINFORMS(AmeagerofORSAandTIMS)Inparticular,MSOM(ManufacturingandServiceOM)POM(ProductionandOperationsManagementSociety)EUROMA(EuropeanOperationsManagementAssociation)RelatedAcademyofManagementDSI(DecisionSciencesInstitute)APICS(AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety)IIE(InstituteofIndustrialEngineering)EURO(EuropeanOperationalResearchSociety)……AcademicSocieties35DedicatedAcademicSocieties15EstablishedMarch1999,NewestwithinINFORMSMembership:950,LargestwithinINFORMSSocietyWebpage:ThemethodswhichMSOMmembersapplyinordertohelptheoperationsfunctionaddvaluetoproductsandservicesarederivedfromawiderangeofscientificfields,includingoperationsresearchandmanagementscience,mathematics,economics,statistics,informationsystemsandartificialintelligence.ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagementSociety36EstablishedMarch1999,NewestSourceofReferencesTopjournal:

OperationsResearch(OR);ManagementScience(MS)Quasi-Topjournal:

ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagement(MSOM) IIETransactions(IIET) NavalResearchLogistics(NRL) MathematicsofOperationsResearch(MOR) Journalofo