冠詞江蘇高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)

一、定冠詞的基本用法：定冠詞的用法口訣世界獨(dú)一二次現(xiàn)，序詞形容高級(jí)前；富人傷員按天算，方位樂器影劇院；群島河山江湖海，普專復(fù)合姓氏前；雙知年代擊中臉，特指事物及習(xí)慣。表示上文提到過的人或事物。如：Ihaveboughtabook.Thebookisveryuseful.用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Closethewindow,please.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：thesun,themoon,theearth,theworld等。用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：theeast,theright.用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)之前。如：thefirst,thetallest.用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：thesick,thewounded.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞之前。如：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNation.⑧用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如：theChangjiangRiver,theEastLake.⑨用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。如：TheSmiths⑩用于樂器的名詞前。如：playthepiano;playtheviolin.（ID發(fā)明物。如：ThecompasswasinventedinChina.?年代名詞前。如：Helivedinthecountrysideinthe1970s.?固定詞組中。如：inthemorning（afternoon,evening）,ontheotherhand,atthesametime二、不定冠詞的基本用法：不定冠詞的用法口訣a,an不定冠，單數(shù)名詞現(xiàn)；輔音前用a,an在元音前。泛指人物類似一，詞組有a是習(xí)慣；復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，a,an均不見。泛指一個(gè)。如：Thereisabookonthetable.指人或事物的某一種類。如：Hisfatherisadriver.Longjingisawonderfultea.指某一個(gè)人或事物，但不具體說明。如：MysisterwassavedbyaPLAmaninthefire.④用于某一些表示重量、長度、時(shí)間等單位前，表示“每一”。如：Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.（我們一天吃三餐。）表示同樣的。如：Theyareofanage.（他們是同歲。）表數(shù)量，相當(dāng)于one,但語意較弱。如：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.使抽象名詞具體化。如：Thelittlegirlisahelptohermother.（ahand譯"幫手"）⑧固定搭配。如：asamatteroffact,inahurry,inaword三、不用冠詞的情況：不用冠詞即零冠詞的情況不用冠詞有幾點(diǎn)，呼語頭銜職務(wù)前；星期月季節(jié)假日，專名球類及三餐；聽音下棋各學(xué)科，正午睡覺是習(xí)慣，名前代詞這那限，泛指事物不用冠。表示總稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前。如：Childrenlovecartoons.（兒童喜歡卡通影片。）不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：WearestudyingEnglish.名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時(shí)。如：Ilikethispicture;Idonothaveanymoney;Astimewenton,Einstein'sthcproyedtobecorrect.季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：Shelikesspringmost.theSpringFestival春節(jié),theLanternFestival兀宵節(jié),theMid-autumnFestival中秋節(jié)theSpringFestival春節(jié)， theLanternFestival兀宵節(jié)， theMid-autumnFestival中秋節(jié)呼語前不用冠詞。如：WhatshallIdonext,Mother?三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：PeoplegivegiftstoeachotheronChristmasDay.球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞。如：Sheisfondofplayingbasketball.在一些成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。如：arminarm（手挽手）；handinhand（手牽手）；sidebyside（肩對(duì)肩）；dayandday（日日夜夜）；youngandold（老老少少）；fromdoortodoor（挨門挨戶）；frombeginningtoend（從頭至U尾）；frommorningtillnight（從早至U晚）等。四、不定冠詞a（n）的幾種特殊用法（1）不定冠詞a（n）用于有或沒有形容詞修飾的抽象名詞前。ManypeopleagreedthataknowledgeofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.許多人都持相同的看法，在當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易交往中，英語知識(shí)是必備的知識(shí)。（2）不定冠詞s（n）用于有形容詞修飾的一日二餐前。BeforeIgotoworkeverymorning,I’vealightbreakfast.我每天早晨上班前.吃點(diǎn)簡單的早餐。（3）不定冠詞a（n）用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。ThetrafficaccidenthappenedonaSundaytowardstheendofJuly.車禍?zhǔn)?月底的一個(gè)星期天發(fā)生的。（4）不定冠詞a（n）用于序數(shù)詞前，表示一次，又一。Howimportantitistolearnasecondlanguage!再學(xué)一門語言是多么重要?。。?）不定冠詞a（n）表示“per”的意思。HisincomeisonethousandYuanamonth他的月收入是1000元。（6）不定冠詞a（n）用于有g(shù)ood/greatmany修飾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。I,vevisitedtheGreatWallagoodmanytimes我參觀過長城好多次。（7）不定冠詞a（n）用于形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前。Athousandmilesisagooddistance.一千英里是相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。（8）不定冠詞a（n）用于一些原來是動(dòng)詞的名詞前。Let,shaveawalkaroundtheplaygroundaftersupper.晚飯后，讓我們圍著操場散步吧?。?）有一些抽象名詞:advice（忠告），behavior（行為）,fortune（運(yùn)氣），fun（娛樂）,information（情報(bào)）,progress（進(jìn)步），damage（損害），harm（傷害）等，即使被形容詞修飾，也不加不定冠詞。KarlMarxgaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnforeignlanguagewell.卡爾?馬克思就怎樣學(xué)好外語，提出了許多建議。（10）用在某些固定詞組中。Afew,alittle,alotof,abit,acoupleof,allofasudden（突然）,asamatteroffact（實(shí)際上）,inahurry（^忙的）,inaword（簡言之）,haveagoodtime（玩得愉快）,dosb.afavour（幫忙）,payavisitto（訪問）,asarule（慣例）,asawhole（總之）,inadayortwo（一兩天）,inaway（在某種程度上）,ofasize（大小相同）,haveawordwithsb.（與…交談），makealiving（謀生），takeapridem（自豪），takeawalk（break,bath,seat）（散步（休息、洗澡、就座））,agreatdealof（大量）,beapity（遺憾）,haveacold（headache,fever）（感冒（頭痛、發(fā)燒））,manya（許多）,catcha8口（感冒）.五、用冠詞與不用冠詞的差異在某些習(xí)慣用語中，用還是不用冠詞，意義不同，有時(shí)甚至差別很大，使用時(shí)要特別注意。1attable進(jìn)餐atthetable在桌子旁2inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院里

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18foramoment一會(huì)兒forthemoment目前，暫時(shí)19beinchargeof負(fù)責(zé)…beinthechargeof由…負(fù)責(zé)，在…掌管之下20byday在白天bytheday按日計(jì)算21inpossessionof擁有inthepossessionof為…所有22insightof能看見inthesightof據(jù)…的見解23inplaceof代替intheplaceof在…的地方24beofage成年beofanage同齡25takeadvice征求意見taketheadvice聽從勸告26Heisstillinoffice.他仍在執(zhí)政Heisstillintheoffice.他仍在辦公室里練習(xí)：--John,thereisMr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.--I'minbath.A.a；theB.the；a C.a；不填D.the；不填ThemostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryispartthatitplayedinIndustrialRevolution.A.不填；不填B.the；不填C.the；theD.a；theWhilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope.Newtonmadediscoverwhichcompletelychangedman'sunderstandingofcolor.A.a；不填B.a；the C.不填；theD.the；aIt'sworldofwonders,worldwhereanythingcanhappen.A.a；theB.a；a C.the；aD.不填；不填TherewastimeIhatedtogotoschoo1.A.a；thatB.a；when C.the；thatD.the：whenWhenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhavebetterunderstanding0fA.a；theB.the；a C.不填；theD.a：不填TheWilsonsliveinA-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis17thcenturycottage.A.the；/B.an；theC./；the D.an：aTomownslargercollectionofbooksthananyotherstudentinourA.the；不填B.a；不填C.a；the D.不填：theWhenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don'tgotohotel：Icanfindyoubedinmyflat.A.the；aB.the；不填C.a；the D.a；不填I(lǐng)fyoubuymorethanten,theyknock20penceoff.A.apriceB.priceC.theprice D.pricesWhenheleftcollege,hegotajobasreporterinanewspaperoffice.A.不填；aB.不填；theC.a；the D.the；theon—goingdivisionbetweenEnglish—speakingCanadiansandFrench。SpeakingCanadiansismajorconcernofthecountry.A.The：不填B.The；aC.An；the D.An；不填Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsayingword.Jimwasthefirsttobreak silence.A.the：aB.a；theC.a；不填 D.the；不填Onnewstoday,therewerereportsofheavysnowinthatareaA.the：theB.the；不填C.不填；不填 D.不填；theAsarule。domesticservantsdoingoddjobsarepaid.A.bythehourB.byhourC.byallhour D.byhoursThesignreads“Incaseoffire,breaktheglassandpushredbutton”A.不填：aB.不填；theC.the；the D.a；aIearn10dollarshourassupermarketcashieronSaturdays.A.a；anB.the；aC.an；a D.an；theThere'sdictionaryondeskbyyourside.A.a；theB.a；aC.the；a D.the：the--Whereismyblueshirt?--It'sinthewashingmachine.Youhavetoweardifferentone.A.anyB.theC.aD.0therAnaccidenthappenedatcrossroadsafewmetresawayfrombankA.a；aB.不填；aC.不填；the D.the：不填JumpingoutofairplaneattenthousandfeetisquiteexcitingexperienceA.不填；theB.不填；anC.an；all D.the,theOnewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogaingoodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.A./ B.theC.aD.oneIdon'tliketalkingontelephone；Jpreferwritingletters.A.a；theB.the；不填C.the；the D.a；不填ThecakesaredeliciousHe'dliketohavethirdonebecausesecondoneisrathertoosmall.A.a：aB.the；theC.a；the D.the；aThewarmthofsweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortofwoolused.A.the；theB.the；不填c.不填；the D.不填；不填A(yù)bullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedinleg.A.aB.oneC.theD.hisMr.Smith,there'samanatfrontdoorwhosayshehasnewsforyouofgreatimportance.A.the；不填B.the；the C.不填；不填D.不填；theMostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofdifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the；aB.不填；aC.the；theD.不填：theSummersinsouthofFrancealeformostpartdryandsunny.A.不填；aB.the；不填 C.不填；不填 D.the；the注意看清題目要求： 閱讀短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在表中的空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語，每空不超過3個(gè)單詞。（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）Countriesalsouseanimalsassymbols.Fromeaglestolions,manycountriesuseananimaltoshowitsnationalspiritandcharacter.TheimageofaneagleisontheUSPresident'sflag,andontheone-dollarbill.Thebaldeagleisalarge,powerful,brownbirdwithawhiteheadandtail.TheUSdeclaredthattheeaglewasitsnationalbirdin1782.Itwaschosenbecauseof"itslonglife,greatstrength,andnoblelooks".But,oneoftheFoundingFathers,BenjaminFranklindidn'tagreewiththechoice."Thebaldeagle...isabirdofbadmoralcharacter;likethoseamongmenwholivebyrobbing"heargued.Franklinwantedtheturkeyasthecountry'snationalbird.IfAmericanschosetheirnationalsymboldeliberately人為地）,thesymbolofEnglandaroseoutofhistory.KingHenryI（1068-1135）wasabravewarriorbutalsowise.HewasthefirstEnglishKingtousealionasaroyalsymbol,whichispopularlyknownasthe"kingofthejungle".