Unit+1+Words+and+expressions+課件 【知識(shí)精講架構(gòu)+備課精研精梳】 高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit1ScienceandScientists

第一組單詞1.

severeadj.

[s?'v??(r)]

極為惡劣的;十分嚴(yán)重的;嚴(yán)厲的;苛刻的【歸納】

besevereon/with

對(duì)……嚴(yán)厲(=behardon=bestrictwith)

beseverewithoneself

嚴(yán)于律己

severelyadv.

很嚴(yán)重地;極為惡劣地severeness

n.嚴(yán)重，艱難，淳樸；severity

n.嚴(yán)重，猛烈e.g.Hisinjuriesaresevere.severe

weatherconditions

Shewasaseverewomanwhoseldomsmiled.2.frustrated

[fr?'stre?t?d]

adj.

懊惱的；沮喪的；失意的frustratevt.挫敗，阻撓frustrating

adj.令人沮喪的frustrationn.沮喪，懊惱Hebecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatthedisease.afrustratedartist

不得志的藝術(shù)家

feel

frustrated

感到沮喪3.onceandforall

①

最終地;徹底地

Weneedtotackletheproblem

onceandforall.

②<口>最后一次（強(qiáng)調(diào)不耐煩）Onceandforall,willyouswitch/turnoffthattelevision!關(guān)于all的短語(yǔ)：firstofall首先afterall畢竟；終究aboveall最重要是allinall總而言之inall總共=intotal=altogether4.contradictory[?k?ntr?'d?kt?ri]

adj.

相互矛盾的;對(duì)立的;不一致的

contradictv.相抵觸，批駁contradictionn.駁斥incontradictionto與……相矛盾contradicteachother互相矛盾搭配：contradictorymessages/statements3.contradictory

[?k?ntr??d?kt?ri]

adj.

互相矛盾的;互相對(duì)立的becontradictoryto…與……矛盾、相反

e.g.Hisremarkwascontradictorytothetruth.

他的敘述與事實(shí)矛盾。

【拓展】

contradictv.

反駁;與……相矛盾

contradictsb反駁某人contradictoneself自相矛盾

contradictionn.

抵觸;矛盾;矛盾的說(shuō)法6.

infection[?n'fek?n]

n.感染；傳染【歸納】5.germ

[d???m]

n.微生物;細(xì)菌;病菌infectvt.使感染;傳染infectious

adj.傳染性的;感染的infected

adj.

帶細(xì)菌的;感染病菌的infectioussmile富有感染力的笑容

6.subscribe

[s?b'skra?b]

vi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份);定期訂購(gòu);定期繳納(會(huì)費(fèi));定期捐款;同意

subscribeto

同意,贊成=approveof=agreewithe.g.Youcansubscribetothemagazineforaslittleas$32ayear.

Shesubscribestoanenvironmentalactiongroup.Ihaveneversubscribedtotheviewthatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.

subscriber

n.

訂閱人；定期捐款者；消費(fèi)者subscription

n.

訂閱；訂閱費(fèi)；定期捐款7.proof[pru?f]n.證據(jù);證明;檢驗(yàn);(ofs)

-proof作為后綴防...的；抗...的

【拓展】

provev.證明rainproofadj.防雨的；windproofadj.防風(fēng)的waterproofadj.防水的

8.multiple

['m?lt?pl]

adj.數(shù)量多的;多種多樣的；

n.連鎖商店

amultiplecrash連環(huán)撞車

multiple/chainstore

連鎖商店multiplechoicequestions多選題

multiplyv.乘；增加；繁殖

Wemustmultiplyoureffortstoexplorethefuture.

我們必須加倍努力，探索未來(lái)。9.pump[p?mp]

n.泵;抽水機(jī);打氣筒

waterpump10.household[?ha?sh??ld]

①

n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人

②adj.家用的；家喻戶曉的domestic常見(jiàn)搭配poor/wealthyhouseholds貧窮/富裕家庭high-incomehouseholds高收入家庭householdgoods/products家庭用品第二組單詞1.suspect

v.

懷疑;疑有;不信任

[s??spekt]

n.

嫌疑犯;嫌疑分子;可疑對(duì)象[?s?spekt]suspicion[s??sp??n]n.懷疑suspicious[s??sp???s]

adj.感覺(jué)可疑的Peterissuspectedofgivingfalseinformation.

Heistheprimesuspectinthecase.【常用搭配】suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人做某事

suspectsb.as/tobe

懷疑某人是...

2.blame

[ble?m]

v.責(zé)備;指責(zé);把……歸咎于n.責(zé)任;責(zé)備;指責(zé)e.g.MariestillblamesherselfforTom'sdeath.Youcan'tblameallyourproblemsonyourfamily.Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybetoblameforthefire.【歸納】blamesbfor(doing)sth因(做)某事責(zé)備某人betoblame(forsth.)對(duì)某事負(fù)有責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備blamesthonsb

把某事歸咎于某人

=lay/puttheblameforsthonsb

3.handle[?h?ndl](pl.handles)

n.

把手;柄

v.處理(=dealwith);搬動(dòng);操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)

get/haveahandleon

弄懂，理解，搞明白e.g.Ican'tgetahandleonthesesalesfigures.turnthehandle轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)把手

thehandleofaknife刀柄handleacrisis處理危機(jī)handlewithcare小心搬運(yùn)4.intervention

[??nt?'ven?n]

n.介入；出面；干涉intervenev.干預(yù)；干擾

Eg.Manypeoplefelthewoulddisagreetheideaofforeignintervention.5.link[l??k]n．聯(lián)系;紐帶

vt.把……連接起來(lái)；相關(guān)聯(lián)②linkAto/withB把A和B連接起來(lái)③

belinkedto/with與...有關(guān)/有聯(lián)系①

alinkbetweenAandB6.raw[r??]

adj.未熟的;生的;未經(jīng)處理的;原始的

rawmaterial原材料

arawbeginner/hand新手berawtosth.對(duì)...不熟練catchsbontheraw說(shuō)人痛處；揭人短處It’sobviousthatthemanisrawtohiswork.Shewasalwaysreadytocatchpeopleontheraw.7.pure[pj??(r)]

adj.干凈的;純的;純粹的purelyadv.完全地，純粹地purifyvt.凈化，使……潔凈purewater

純凈水

8.substantial[s?b'st?n?l]

adj.大量的;價(jià)值巨大的;重大的①substantiallyadv.本質(zhì)上;實(shí)質(zhì)上②substancen.實(shí)質(zhì);物質(zhì);9.decreasev.

(使)變小,(使)減少

；降低

[?di?kri?s]

n.減少;減少的量；降低[d??kri?s]

e.g.Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedto160thisyear.Averagehousepricesdecreasedby13%lastyear.Thisspeciesofbirdisdecreasinginnumberseveryyear.【歸納】decreaseto…

減少到……

decreaseby…減少了……(表示減少的量)

decreasein…

在……方面減少onthedecrease

在減少詞條用法常作成分thanksto“多虧”，多放在句首，用來(lái)表達(dá)好的方面

(接近于原意

“感謝”)作狀語(yǔ)owingto后接某事，可置于句首或句末。常作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)dueto正式用語(yǔ)，可與owingto互換常作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)becauseof著重某事發(fā)生的原因常作狀語(yǔ)10.thanksto+n./ving/人稱代詞賓格

幸虧;由于

e.g.Thankstoyourhelp,wesucceeded．

第三組單詞1.statistic[st?'t?st?k]

n.(pl.)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字;統(tǒng)計(jì)資料;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)2.

transform[tr?ns'f??m]

v.

使改觀,使變形,使轉(zhuǎn)化

【歸納】

transform…(from…)into…把……變成……

transform…with…用……來(lái)改變……

【拓展】transformation

n.

改變、轉(zhuǎn)化(不可數(shù));具體變化(可數(shù))transformable

adj.

可變形的；可變化的transformer

n.

促使改變的人或物；變壓器

e.g.Thisequipmentcantransformlightintoenergy.

Wecantransformtheworldwithourknowledge.3.microscope['ma?kr?sk??p]n.

顯微鏡telescopev.望遠(yuǎn)鏡4.thinkingn.思想；思維；見(jiàn)解withoutthinking不假思索creativethinking

創(chuàng)造性思維5.findingn.發(fā)現(xiàn)；調(diào)查結(jié)果；(法律)判決thefindingsofthesurvey

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)

6.protein['pr??ti?n]

n.蛋白質(zhì)7.cell[sel]n.細(xì)胞;

小房間;單間牢房

9.

vaccine['v?ksi?n]

n.疫苗8.virus['va?r?s]n.病毒10.initial[??n??l]adj.最初的；開(kāi)始的

initiallyadv.開(kāi)始；最初；起初

intheinitialstage在最初階段11.theoretical[?θ???ret?kl]adj.理論的；推想的；假設(shè)的

theory[?θ??ri]n.理論；原理；學(xué)說(shuō)11.framework['fre?mw??k]

n.框架;結(jié)構(gòu)

theoreticalframework理論框架12.solid[?s?l?d]adj.可靠的;固體的;堅(jiān)實(shí)的

n.固體

solidevidence可靠的證據(jù)

liquidn.液體

gasn.氣體

13.cast[kɑ?st]

(cast,cast)vt.投射(光、影子等);向...投以(視線、笑容等);投擲

14.shadow[???d??]n.陰影；影子；背光處castashadowover/onsth.投下一片陰影，給……蒙上陰影Hedidn'twanttocastashadowontheirhappiness.15.rainbow[?re?nb??]n.彩虹

16.pour[p??(r)]

vt.倒出;傾瀉;斟(飲料)vi.(雨)傾盆而下;下大雨pourdown流下；(雨)傾盆而下pourout涌出；倒出；傾訴pourcatsanddogs下傾盆大雨Itneverrainsbutitpours.禍不單行

17.concrete['k??kri?t]

n.混凝土

adj.混凝土的；確實(shí)的；具體的concreteevidence確鑿的/具體的證據(jù)

第四組單詞1.mechanical

[m?'k?n?kl]

adj.機(jī)械的;發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的;機(jī)器的

mechanic[m?'k?n?k]

n.機(jī)械師;機(jī)械修理工2.breakout（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然開(kāi)始；爆發(fā)breakdown消除;分解;打破;(車)拋錨;(身體)垮掉;(和談)中斷無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Thewarbrokeout.Thecarbrokedown.Hishealthbrokedown.breakdownmisunderstanding3.defend[d??fend]v.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解defencen.防御；保護(hù)；defensiveadj.保護(hù)的；保衛(wèi)的defend...from/against保衛(wèi)...免受...defendoneself為自己辯護(hù)辯解Thedamwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashedawaybythesea.4.assistant[??s?st?nt]n.助手；助理assistv.援助；幫助assistancen.幫助assist/helpsbtodosth幫助某人做某事assistsbindoingsth幫助某人做某事withtheassistance/helpofsb在某人的幫助下Ialwaysassistmyparentstodothehousework.5.inchargeof主管（主語(yǔ)為人）

inthechargeof掌管（主語(yǔ)為物）Heisinchargeofthewholecompany.=Thewholecompanyisinthechargeofhim.

他負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)公司。inchargeofsth.主管，掌管inthechargeoftakechargeofchargesb.forsth.chargesb.withdoingsth.受……管理；由……負(fù)責(zé)掌管/負(fù)責(zé)為……向某人收取費(fèi)用控告某人做某事Youarenotinchargeoftheuniverse;youareinchargeofyourself.6.missile['m?sa?l]

n.導(dǎo)彈7.leadership[?li?d???p]n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位;領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能

leadv.帶領(lǐng)；通往；n.領(lǐng)先地位

leadern.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人leadahappylife過(guò)著幸福的生活后綴為-ship的一類詞表示某種關(guān)系或狀態(tài)friendshipn.

友誼

hardshipn.

苦難relationshipn.

關(guān)系

membershipn.

成員資格8.trace[tre?s]vt.追溯;追蹤;查出

n.痕跡;遺跡;蹤跡tracern.

跟蹤者；追蹤器9.outstanding

adj.優(yōu)秀的;杰出的;明顯的distinguishedexcellentbrilliantanoutstandingperformance10.gifted[?ɡ?ft?d]adj.有天賦的;有天才的（=talented）

giftn.才能;天賦

（=talent）agiftedartist

天才畫(huà)家begiftedwith天生具有（=bebornwith）haveagift/talentfor對(duì)...有天賦11.comedown

患(病);染上(小病)（常與with連用）comedown

崩塌；下降IthinkI’mcomingdownwiththebadcold.我想我染上重感冒了。12.come短語(yǔ)comeacross偶然遇到；被理解comeout出現(xiàn)；出版；開(kāi)花comeon趕快；加油；得了吧cometo總計(jì)；達(dá)到；蘇