全聽說教程第三冊(cè)u(píng)nit11left-handedness

Unit11Left-PartQuestionsforWhatdoesbeingleft-handedDoyouhaveanyfriendswhoareleft-handed?DoyoufindthemspecialinanyHowdidpeopleinthepastviewthosewhowereleft-handed?DoyouthinkitwasWhatthingsdoleft-handedpeoplefinddifficulttodoinalargelyright-handedDoyouthinkleft-handedpeoplearemorein ligentthanright-handedpeople?WhyorwhyDoyouknowanyfamouspeoplewhoareleft-handed?Namesomeof5.Doyouthinkleft-handedpeoplearemoreinligentthanright-handedpeople?WhyorwhyThere’snoscientificevidenceforsayingleft-handedpeoplearemoreinligent.Butaccordingtosomeunofficialreports,left-handedpeoplearemorecreative.Thestudyshowsthatthelefthandiscontrolledbytherightsideofthebrain;therighthandiscontrolledbytheleftsideofthebrain.Therightsideofthebrainiswherecreativityismostlybased,soleft-handerstendtobemorecreativeandgetnoticed.That’swhyquiteafewleft-handedpeopleseemtodowellincreativeprofessions,suchasmusic,artandwriting,andtheyseemtomakegoodinventors,s,andauthors.Itisalsoreportedthatleft-brainedpeople,whoareright-handed,tendtobemorelogicalandsomewhatlessemotional.Whatadvantagesanddisadvantagesdoleft-handedpeopleInaright-handedworld,Iwouldsayleft-handedpeoplehavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.Theyhavetocopewithmanyinconvenienceseverydaysimplybecausesomanythingsaredesignedfortheconvenienceofright-handedpeople.Theirleft-handednessisevenconsideredabnormalanddiscriminatedagainstincertaincultures.Astoadvantages,left-handedpeopleseemtohaveanadvantageinmanyareasofsport.Forexample,therehavebeenmanyoutstandingleft-handedtennischampions.Partofthisisalmostcertainlylinkedwiththerightsideofthebrainwhichissaidtocontrolthebodymovement.HerearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumayfindusefulindiscussingtheaboveBeingleft-handedmeansusingthelefthandmorereadilythantherightPeoplewhousetheirlefthandstowrite,toholdthings,etc.areleft-handedwhilepeoplewhousetheirrighthandstodothesethingsarecalledright-handed.Inthepastsocietywasnotsympathetictoleft-handedpeople/consideredleft-handednessSomeleft-handedpeoplefeeltheysufferfromprejudiceinaright-handedworld/finditdifficulttoadjustthemselvestoaright-handedworld.Left-handedchildren d eright-handedinsomesocietiesintheParentsandteachersusedto left-handedchildrentowritewiththeirrighthands/aremoreunderstandingandacceptingnowadays.Right-handedpeopleoftenfailtoseewhatproblemstheleft-handedfaceinday-to-dayLeft-handedpeoplefinditdifficulttousescissors/handletrouserzipsbecauseallofthemaredesignedforright-handedpeople.Left-handedpeopleareoftenbaffledbytoolsthataredesignedforright-handedAccordingtoscientificstudiesleft-handedpeoplecanbegoodatsports/solvingQuiteafewleft-handedpeopleseemtodowellincreativeprofessions,suchasmusic,artandwriting/makegoodinventors, s,andauthors.Someofthegreatestmindsoftheworldhavebeenthoseoftheleft-Tonamebutafew,AlbertEinstein,LudwigvanBeethoven,LeonardodaVinci,PabloPicasso,MarkTwainandCharlesChaplinwereamongtheleft-handed.SoareformerUSsGeorgeH.W.BushandBillPartPassage1

a.relatingtotheactivityofthemindorbrain v.totakesomeoneelse’schildintoone’sfamilyandmakeitlegallyone’sownchild收養(yǎng) n.participation a.exactlythesamebirth one’sbiologicalparentsadopted one’snon-biologicalparentsidenticaltwins twinsdevelopedfromthesameeggandthereforealmostalwaysofthe andverymuchalikeinappearance同卵雙生子Prince （英）王Prince Researchhasshownthat90%ofpeoplenaturallyusetheirrighthandsformosttasks.Buthundredsofmillionsofpeopleusetheirlefthands.Thenwhyaresomepeopleleft-handed?Scientistshavebeentryingtoanswerthatquestionformanyyears.Astudydonein1992foundthatmenaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanwomen.ItalsofoundthatAsianorHispanicpeoplearelesslikelytobeleft-handedthanwhitepeople,blackpeople,orNorthns.Someculturesacceptpeoplewhodothingsmostlywiththeirlefthands.OthersdoScientistswanttoknowthereasonforleft-handednessbecauseitiscloselylinkedtomentalproblemsandlanguagedifficulties.Oneideaaboutthecauseofleft-handednessisthegenetictheory.Itsaysthatpeopleareright-orleft-handedbecauseofgenespassedtothembytheirparents.Forexample,ithasbeenshownthatthehandednessofadoptedchildrenismorelikelytofollowthatoftheirbirthparentsthantheiradoptedparents.Otherevidenceofgeneticinvolvementcanbefoundinsomefamilies.Onefamousexampleistheleft-handedmembersofthepresentBritishroyalfamily.TheseincludeQueenElizabethII,PrinceCharlesandPrinceWilliam.Anotherideaisthatright-handedpeoplearebornwiththegeneforit.Butabout20%ofpeopledonothavetheright-handedgene.Thesepeoplecouldbeeitherleft-orright-handed.Thisideamayexinwhytwobabieswhohavethesamegenesusedifferenthands.In18%ofidenticaltwinsonetwinisright-handed,andtheotherisleft-handed.Probablybothtwinslacktheright-handedgenesoeachhasachancetobeeitherright-orleft-handed.SomescientistsbelievethatthecauseofhandednesscouldincludebothgeneticsandHandednessmeansapreferencefortheuseofeithertherighthandortheleftAccordingtostatisticsapproximay75%ofthehumanpopulationisstronglyright-handed,andapproximay90%ispredominantlyright-handed.Amongtheremaining10%,somepeoplearestronglyleft-handed,andothersareleft-handedforsomeactivitiesandright-handedforothers.Sinceoursislargelyaright-handedworld,peopleinmanyculturesusedtoleft-handednessasabnormal.Andleft-handedpeopleoftenhadatoughtimetryingtoadapttothewaythingswere.Atpresent,however,peoplearemoreunderstandingandalmostallleft-handedchildrenareallowedtowritewiththeirleftWhysomepeopleareleft-handedhasbeenpuzzlingscientistsforalongtime. uptonownoonehascomeupwithadefinitiveanswer,becausenogeneforleft-handednesshasbeenidentified.Butitdoesseemtorunstronglywithinafamily.Thereareover500well-known alitiesintheworldwhoareleft-handed.Includedintheirnumberaresomeoftheworld’sgreatestminds(seeLanguageFocus).QueenElizabeth(1926–)thepresentQueenoftheUnitedKingdom.AssuccessortoKingGeorgeVIshehasbeenQueenofGreatBritainandtheNorthernIrelandsince1952.PrinceeldestsonofQueenElizabetheldersonofPrinceCharlesandthelatePrincessExerciseListentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouWhatisthepassagemainlyCausesofleft-handednessandright-Twoscientificexnationsofthecauseofleft-Genesforleft-Mentalproblemsofleft-handedWhichofthefollowingtopicsisdiscussedinmoredetailintheHandednessandthegeneticIdenticalBirthparentsandadoptedFamousleft-handedpeopleintheWhatconclusioncanyoudrawfromtheRight-handedpeoplearesuperiortoleft-handedRight-handednessisdeterminedgenetically,butleft-handednessisAbout18%ofidenticaltwinsareleft-Scientistshavenotyetreachedagreementonthecausesofleft-ExerciseListentothepassageagainandcompletethefollowingsentenceswiththemissingAstudydonein1992foundthatmenaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanwomen.ItalsofoundthatAsianorHispanicpeoplearelesslikelytobeleft-handedthanwhitepeople,blackpeopleorNorthAmerican Scientistswanttoknowthereasonforleft-handednessbecauseitiscloselylinkedtomentalproblemsandlanguagedifficulties.Oneideaaboutthecauseofleft-handednessisthegeneticAnotherideaisthatright-handedpeoplearebornwiththegeneforit.Butabout20%ofpeopledonothavetheright-handedgene.Theycouldbeeitherleft-orright-handed.SomescientistsbelievethatthecauseofhandednesscouldincludebothgeneticsandPassage2

ad.nearly大 n.apointinquestion;amatterindispute a.important n.feelingsofbeingdisappointedandannoyed n.acuttingdevice剪刀（復(fù)數(shù) n.acontainerortoolcommonlyforkitchenuse v.tobeorganizedinawaythatissuitableforaparticularpurposeorsituation使適應(yīng)；使適合onewayoranother eitheroftwopossibleways;inanyway不是用這種方法就是用那種takefor toacceptsth.astruewithoutquestioningamount tobeequalto,espinmeaningThereareapproxima y30millionleft-handedpeopleintheUnitedStates,andseveralhundredmillionmorearoundtheworld.Mostright-handedpeoplehaveneverevenconsideredthepossibilitythattheremightbeanyseriousissuesaffectingleft-handers.Evenamongalloftheseleft-handedpeople,therearemanydifferentopinionsaboutwhattheseissuesareandwhichissuesmightbemostimportanttothem.Someleft-handersthinkthatbeingleft-handedisapositivefactorintheirlives,andtheyfeelthattherearenoseriousissuesaffectingthem.Othersthinkthatbeingleft-handedisnotasignificantfactorandhasnotaffectedtheirlivesonewayoranother.Therearealsosomeleft-handerswhohavenoopinionandhavenevergivenanythoughttowhatbeingleft-handedhasmeanttothem.Butthemajorityofleft-handedpeoplefindthatbeingleft-handedisatleastasmalldisadvantageandaminorsourceoffrustrationintheirlives.Therearemanythingsthatright-handedpeopletakeforgrantedthatarequitedifficultforleft-handers.Theseincludemanybasicskillslikelearningtowrite,learningtousescissorsandotherhandtoolsandutensils,andlearningvariouscraftsandotheractivities.Sometimesleft-handersarepuzzledbyequipmentdesignedforright-handers,andothertimestheyareconfusedbyinstructorsandinstructionsgearedtowardteachingright-handers.Forsomeleft-handedpeoplethisamountstooccasionaldifficultiesandminorinconveniences.Forotherleft-handersitisalifetimefulloffailuresandfrustrationsthatmayleadtomuchmoreseriouschieflyanAmericanusage.InBritaintheword“l(fā)eft-hander”tendstobeconfinedtosportingcontextsratherthanusedgenerallyforpeoplewhoareleft-handed.hasnotaffectedtheirlivesonewayorhasnotgiventhemtroubleinanyaminorsourceofmoderayTherearemanythingsthatright-handedpeopletakeforgrantedthatarequitedifficultforRight-handedpeoplearesofamiliarwithusingtheirrighthandstodomanythingsthattheyregardthisasamatteroffact.However,thesethingsarenotsoeasytodoforleft-handersbecauseoftoolsnotgearedtotheirneeds.equipmentdesignedforright-handers...gearedtowardteachingright-Equipment,instructionmanuals,etc.areusuallydesignedorwrittenwithright-handedpeopleinmind.Manypeopletakeitforgrantedthateveryoneisright-handedandhencetheyoftenfailtoconsiderleft-handedpeoplewhendesigningequipmentorpreparinginstructionmanuals.ExerciseListentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouWhatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardleft-Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutright-Mostofthemaresympathetictoleft-Mostofthemareindifferenttotheproblemsleft-handersMostofthemconsiderthemselvesluckytoberight-Mostofthemareunawareoftheproblemsleft-handersExerciseListenagainandsupplythemissinginformationinthetablesATosomeleft-ItisapositivefactorintheirTherearenoseriousissuesaffectingTootherleft-ItisnotasignificantIthasnotaffectedtheirTothemajorityofleft-ItisatleastasmalldisadvantageandaminoroffrustrationintheirBWhatmaybedifficultforBasicskillslikelearningtowrite,learningtousescissorsandotherhandtoolsandutensils,andlearningvariouscraftsandotheractivitiesWhatmayconfuseleft-Equipmentdesignedforright-handers;instructorsandinstructionsgearedtowardteachingright-handersPairWorkYouhavejustheardtwopassagesaboutleft-handedness.Nowdiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartnerandthengiveanoralpresentationofwhatyouthinkofthetwopassages.YoumayorganizeyourpresentationbylinkingupyouranswerstotheFor“WhyAreSomePeopleLeft-Haveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeopleareleft-handedwhilemostofusareright-HowdoyoufeelwhenyoufindsomeonewritesverywellwithhisleftWhathavescientistsdonetoexinleft-Whatmightbethecausesofleft-handednessaccordingtoWhatdoyouthinkofthecausesmentionedinthetext?Doyouagreeordisagree?For“DoesBeingLeft-handedAffectOne’sHaveyoueverthoughtthatleft-handedpeoplemayhavevariouskindsofdifficultiesinDoyouknowwhatdifficultiesleft-handedpeoplemayencounterinday-to-dayWhatareyoursuggestionstohelpleft-handedPossibleAnswers(fortheteacher’sItoftenamazesmehowsomepeoplecanwritewiththeirlefthands,andwriteveryfastandwelltoo.Whathasmadeitpossibleforthesepeopletohavethisspecialabilitywiththeirlefthands?Whyarepeopledividedintotwogroupsasfarashandednessisconcerned?Thesequestionshaveoccupiedalotofpeople,especiallyscientists,whohavedoneconsiderableworktosearchforcausesofleft-handedness.However,Idon’tthinkeitherthegenetictheoryortheso-calledright-handedgenementionedinthepassagecanquiteexineverything.Perhapshandednessisamatterofhowdifferentpeoplecanbe.Comingfromafamilyofright-handers,Ihavealwaystakenitforgrantedthatngthingswithmyrighthandishowthingsshouldbe.Andithasnevercrossedmymindthatleft-handedpeoplemayencounterallkindsofdifficultiesinlife.Evensomeeverydaytoolslikescissorsandpotatopeelerscangivethemtrouble.Howinconvenientitmustbeforthem!Andhowfrustratedtheymustfeelattimes!Ithinkitisverytruethatright-handershaveoftenfailedtoseetheproblemsfacingleft-handers.Sinceoursismostlyaright-handedworld,itisnotsurprisingthateverythingisdesignedforright-handedpeople.Butitisnotfairtoabout10%oftheworld’spopulation,whoareleft-handed.Itishightimethatthemanufacturingsectortooktheirinterestsintoconsideration.Weshouldrealizethatthe“l(fā)eft”wayofngthingsisalsoPartTestYourListentothepassagethreetimesandsupplythemissingApproximay90%ofpeopleintheworldare1)naturallyright-handed.Whyisthisso,andarewe2)bornonewayortheother?Theanswertothisquestionisrather3)complicated.Inbabiesandyoungchildren,no4)singleside es5)dominantuntilaroundtheageofeight.At12weeks,babiesusuallyusebothhands6)equally,butby16weeks,theymostlyusethelefthandfor7)touching.By24weeks,theyhavechangedagainandstartusingbothhands.Thenat28weeks,they eone-handedagain,althoughthistimeitistherighthandthatisusedmore.At32weeks,theystartusingbothhandsagain.8)Whentheyreachtheageof36weeks,thereisanotherchange,withmostbabiesnowpreferringtousethelefthand.Between40and44weeks,therighthandisonceagainmoreused.At48weeks,babiesswitchtousingtheirlefthandsagain,andthenbetween52and56weeks,therighthandtakesover.Therearefurtherchangesstill.9)At80weeks,therighthandlosescontrol,andbothareusedagainequally.Whentheyoungchildreachestheageoftwo,therighthandtakesoveragain,butbetweentwoandahalfandthreeyears,bothhandsareusedequally.10)Thingsfinally stableataroundfouryearsandstaythesameuntil,bytheageofeight,onehandisstronglydominantovertheother.PartTimetoLookatthesepicturesanddescribethemonebyone.Ifpossible,tryalsotofindsomethingrelevanttotalkabout.amaniswritingathisdesk,wearablacksuitwitharedtie,asuccessfulbusinessman,left-handed,feelnoinconvenienceinhisbusinessandinhislifeaswell,commontoseesuchaleft-handed inthewestacomputerwithamouse,ontheleftsideofthetable,inaworlddominatedbyright-handedpeople,theleft-handedareaminority,that’swhymanyfacilitiesaredesignedfortheright-handedonly,anATM(自動(dòng)提款機(jī)),causeinconveniencefortheleft-handedasportsmanyingbaseball,usehislefthandtothrowtheball,manyleft-handedathletes，haveaspecialtalentforthegames,sometimestheyevenhaveanadvantageoverthoseright-handedathletes,takethetabletennisyerWangTaoforexample,hittheballinawaythatis fortabletohisrivals(競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手) Thepictureshowsthatamaniswritingathisdesk.Hewearsablacksuitwitharedtie.He’sprobablyasuccessfulbusinessman.He’sleft-handedandhedoesn’tfeelanyinconvenienceinhisbusinessandinhislifeaswell.It’sverycommontoseesuchaleft- inthewest. Weseeacomputerwithamousecedontheleftsideofthetable.Apparently,thiscomputerisusedbyleft-handedpeople.Inaworlddominatedbyright-handedpeople,theleft-handedareaminority.That’swhymanyfacilitiesweusearedesignedfortheright-handedonly,suchasthemouse,thekeyboardofanATMandmanyothers.Thiscertainlycausesinconveniencetotheleft-handedpeople. Thispictureshowsasportsmanyingbaseball.Heisusinghislefthandtothrowtheball.Weseemanyleft-handedathleteswhohavegotaspecialtalentforthegames.Sometimestheyevenhaveanadvantageoverthoseright-handedathletes.TakethetabletennisyerWangTaoforexample.Becausehe’sleft-handed,hehitstheballinawaythatisfortabletohisrivals. v. n. v. a. n. n. a.功能失調(diào) n.節(jié)奏 conj.而，但是Honedthroughmillionsofyearsofevolution,thebodyclockisyourguidetowhatyoureallyshouldbengatanypointintheday.“Modernlifetendstoabuseinternaltime.Wehavethis,thisexquisitesystemandwejustrideoverthetopofitandignoreit.It’sextraordinary.”Sowillyouchoosetolistentoyourbody,orsuffertheconsequences?“Ifyou’rerunningyourbodyphysiologyagainstitsnaturalcycle,there’llbeapricetopay.”It’sthestartofthedayand,formostofus,timetogetoutofbed,butacrossBritainthere’sonegroupinsocietywhoseemtofindthismuchharderthaneverybodyelse. etoth